EP0019265B1 - Four-axle bogie - Google Patents

Four-axle bogie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0019265B1
EP0019265B1 EP80102643A EP80102643A EP0019265B1 EP 0019265 B1 EP0019265 B1 EP 0019265B1 EP 80102643 A EP80102643 A EP 80102643A EP 80102643 A EP80102643 A EP 80102643A EP 0019265 B1 EP0019265 B1 EP 0019265B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bogie
main frame
bearing
side cheek
movement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80102643A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0019265A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Heinrich Dr.-Ing. Weber
Christian Dr.-Ing. Stiefel
Alfred Sinhoff
Ferdinand Weckmann
Franz Joseph Collienne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Waggonfabrik Talbot GmbH and Co KG
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Waggonfabrik Talbot GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Waggonfabrik Talbot GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Waggonfabrik Talbot GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT80102643T priority Critical patent/ATE3106T1/en
Publication of EP0019265A1 publication Critical patent/EP0019265A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0019265B1 publication Critical patent/EP0019265B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/38—Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self- adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves, e.g. sliding axles, swinging axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F3/00—Types of bogies
    • B61F3/02—Types of bogies with more than one axle
    • B61F3/08—Types of bogies with more than one axle without driven axles or wheels
    • B61F3/10—Types of bogies with more than one axle without driven axles or wheels with three or more axles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a four-axle bogie for rail vehicles with an H-shaped main frame, which is provided centrally with a rotary pan bearing for supporting the car body and in turn is supported centrally on its four ends on side cheeks, through which two axes are combined in pairs, with a movement compensation enabling bearings are provided.
  • a four-axle bogie of the above type was known from US-A-2 089 110. In this known bogie, the mutually parallel main beams of the H-shaped main frame lie in the running direction of the bogie.
  • the side cheeks are designed as springs that allow movement compensation between the axles, especially since the joints between the axle bearings of two wheel axles combined in pairs and their common side cheek as well as the joint between this side cheek and the end of the main frame supported on it can consist of elastic material . These elastic bearings thus allow limited mutually movable adjustment of the mutually supported parts. From US-A-3 006 290 it was also known in two-axle bogies to rigidly form the side cheeks connecting two axles and to provide the suspension between the frame parts of the bogie and the side cheeks as separate springs between the bearing points. The ends of the axles are connected to the rigid side walls via spherical bearing shells.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a four-axle bogie of the type described above, which has good running properties with a simple construction and avoids large lateral starting forces in particular with good cornering, so that not only particularly small wheels, but identical axles can be used and overall height of the four-axle bogie can be kept extremely small.
  • the mutually parallel supports of the main frame lie transversely to the direction of travel, that the ends of these cross members are supported on rigid side cheeks each via spring elements, each of which except a spring travel in the vertical direction a limited rotation of each side cheek around an axis of rotation lying in the longitudinal center of the side cheek and a limited movement in the longitudinal and transverse directions as well as at an angle thereto, and that the side cheeks are each connected to the axle bearings of the two axles by means of a support with a spherical bearing surface which enables adjustment on all sides.
  • the bogie according to the invention in which the main frame is supported directly on the side cheeks, enables the individual axes to be automatically adjusted to the respective rail course by the design according to the invention, so that not only large lateral impact impacts are avoided, but wear even when using identical wheel sets is significantly reduced on the wheelsets as well as on the rails.
  • This is achieved by the limited mobility of the side cheeks connecting two axles in each case, which can move around a pivot point lying in the longitudinal center of the side cheeks as a result of the supports between the axle bearings and the side cheeks designed according to the invention and the design of the spring elements between the side cheeks and main frame according to the invention.
  • the spring element between each end of the H-shaped main frame and the associated side cheek can be designed as a roller spring element which, in addition to the spring travel in the vertical direction and the limited rotation of each side cheek about an axis of rotation lying in the longitudinal center of the side cheek allows limited movement in the longitudinal and transverse directions and a movement at an angle to the longitudinal and transverse directions and at the same time causes a return to the central position, so that the spring element itself is loaded with restoring forces.
  • This can also be achieved by layered rubber springs or steel springs, preferably spirally wound steel springs.
  • two spring elements are arranged next to one another in the longitudinal direction of the side cheek, as a result of which the restoring forces increase without impairing the automatic adjustability.
  • the invention further proposes to lower each side cheek in the area of the spring elements with respect to the area of the supports for the axle bearings.
  • the support between each axle bearing and the associated side cheek can be provided with an elastic bearing layer.
  • an articulated suspension at its two ends, on which at least one slider is arranged for lateral support of the car body on the bogie. This prevents undesirable inclinations of the car body when cornering.
  • the sliders can be resiliently supported on the carrier.
  • an undesirably large inclination of the car body relative to the bogie can also be prevented by arranging between the ends of the main frame one behind the other in the running direction an articulated suspension at both ends with at least one air spring element, which with its upper part is connected to the vehicle chassis.
  • This embodiment of the carrier with at least one air spring element not only results in a resilient support of the car body with respect to the bogie, but also a damping of the rotary movement of the bogie with respect to the car body, so that wobbling movements are combated. Since the angle of rotation of the bogie relative to the vehicle undercarriage is relatively small, the air spring elements dampen the relative rotary movement without restricting this rotary movement to an impermissible degree.
  • the lower bearing part of the rotary cup bearing is arranged within the main frame in such a way that the bearing surface lies below the upper edge of the main frame. This results in an integration of the rotary pan bearing lower part within the main frame and a low overall height, which is particularly advantageous when wheels of small diameter are preferably used.
  • the bogie has an overall H-shaped main frame 1, which is composed of a longitudinal member 1 a lying in the direction of travel and two cross members 1 b running parallel to one another.
  • the carriage body of the rail vehicle not shown in the drawing, is supported on the main frame 1 by means of a rotary socket bearing. From this rotary cup bearing the lower bearing part 1 c can be seen in the drawing.
  • the four ends of the main frame 1, each lying in pairs one behind the other in the direction of travel, are each supported on a side cheek 2, through which two wheel sets 3 are combined.
  • Each wheel set 3 comprises an axle 3a which is provided with wheels 3b of small diameter and is rotatably supported in axle bearings 4 with its laterally projecting steering knuckles 3c.
  • a support 5 is arranged between each axle bearing 4 and the side cheek 2, which enables a limited adjustment that can be moved on all sides between the axle bearing 4 and the side cheek 2.
  • this support 5 is designed for this purpose with a spherical bearing surface, as can be seen in the right part of FIG. 3.
  • the support 5 can also be provided with an elastic bearing layer.
  • the four ends of the main frame 1 are supported on the side cheeks 2 in the illustrated embodiment by two spring elements 6, as can best be seen in FIG. 2.
  • the side cheeks 2 in the area of these spring elements 6 are lowered relative to the area of the supports 5 for the axle bearings 4. This training can also be seen best in the right part of FIG. 2.
  • spring elements are used as the spring element 6, the roller spring 6a of which is arranged between a lower spring plate 6b and an upper spring plate 6c.
  • This training can best be seen in the left part of FIG. 3.
  • these roller spring elements 6 allow a limited movement of the side cheek 2 relative to the main frame 1 both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction and also a movement at an angle to the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • the above-described limited mobility within the spring elements 6 of the side cheek 2 gives the possibility of also rotating about a pivot point relative to the main frame 1. This fulcrum lies in the longitudinal center of each side cheek 2 between the two spring elements 6.
  • a carrier 7 is arranged between the ends lying one behind the other in the longitudinal direction on both sides of the main frame 1, the ends of which are articulated on the cross members 1 of the main frame 1, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 5.
  • this carrier 7 carries a slider 8, on which the vehicle undercarriage 9 comes to rest when the car body is inclined.
  • the slide 8 is supported on the carrier 7 by compression springs 8a. These compression springs 8a are shown in broken lines in FIG. 1.
  • air spring elements can also be arranged, the lower part of which is connected to the carrier 7 and the upper part of which is connected to the vehicle underframe 9. These air spring elements have such a great mobility of the upper part relative to the lower part that they do not limit the slight rotational movement of the bogie relative to the vehicle underframe 9, but exert a damping effect due to their restoring forces, which suppresses rolling movements of the vehicle. With such air spring elements, not only a resilient support of the car body with respect to the bogie can be achieved, but also a damping of the rotary movement.
  • an anti-lift device 10 is arranged between the main frame 1 or its cross members 1 and the side walls 2.
  • a damper can also be arranged if required, which dampens the adjustment movement of the axially arranged pairs 3 relative to the main frame 1. These dampers can be used to limit the adjustment movements at the same time.
  • this wheel 3b has a small diameter. So that the height of the bogie can be adapted to the small dimensions of the wheels 3b, the lower bearing part 1c of the rotary socket bearing is arranged within the main frame 1 in accordance with FIG. 2 such that the bearing surface lies below the upper edge of the main frame 1. The lower bearing part 1c is thus integrated in the main frame 1, so that the bogie has a very low overall height.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Replacement Of Web Rolls (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)
  • Bearings For Parts Moving Linearly (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Automatic Disk Changers (AREA)

Abstract

1. A four-axle bogie for rail vehicles, with an H-shaped main frame (1) which for supporting the car body is provided centrally with a socket bearing (1c) and is itself supported by way of its four ends centrally on side cheeks (2), each of which embraces two axles (3a) forming a pair, bearings (6, 4) being provided which allow movement compensation, characterised in that the beams (1b) of the main frame (1) which extend parallel to each other lie transversely to the running direction, that the ends of these transverse beams (1b) being supported on rigid side cheeks (2) by way of respective spring elements (6), each of which, in addition to a sprung movement in an upright direction, allows a limited rotating of each side cheek (2) about an axis of rotation lying on the middle of the length of the side cheek (2), and a limited movement in the longitudinal and transverse direction and also at an angle thereto, the side cheeks (2) being connected to the respective axle bearings (4) of the two axles (3a) by means of an over-bearing (5) which comprises spherical bearing surfaces and which allows movement adjustment on all sides.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein vierachsiges Drehgestell für Schienenfahrzeuge mit einem H-förmigen Hauptrahmen, der zur Auflage des Wagenkastens mittig mit einem Drehpfannenlager versehen ist und sich seinerseits über seine vier Enden mittig auf Seitenwangen abstützt, durch welche jeweils zwei Achsen paarweise zusammengefaßt sind, wobei einen Bewegungsausgleich ermöglichende Lager vorgesehen sind. Ein vierachsiges Drehgestell der voranstehenden Art war aus der US-A-2 089 110 bekannt. Bei diesem bekannten Drehgestell liegen die zueinander parallelen Hauptträger des H-förmigen Hauptrahmens in Laufrichtung des Drehgestells. Die Seitenwangen sind als Federn ausgeführt, die einen Bewegungsausgleich zwischen den Achsen ermöglichen, zumal die Gelenke zwischen den Achslagern von zwei paarweise zusammengefaßten Radachsen und ihrer gemeinsamen Seitenwange ebenso wie das Gelenk zwischen dieser Seitenwange und dem auf ihr abgestützten Ende des Hauptrahmens aus elastischem Material bestehen können. Diese elastischen Lager ermöglichen somit eine begrenzte allseitig bewegliche Einstellung der aufeinander abgestützten Teile zueinander. Aus der US-A-3 006 290 war es darüber hinaus bei zweiachsigen Drehgestellen bekannt, die jeweils zwei Achsen miteinander verbindenden Seitenwangen starr auszubilden und die Federung zwischen den Rahmenteilen des Drehgestells und den Seitenwangen als gesonderte Federn zwischen den Auflagerstellen vorzusehen. Die Achsen stehen dabei an ihren Enden über sphärische Lagerschalen mit den starren Seitenwangen in Verbindung.The invention relates to a four-axle bogie for rail vehicles with an H-shaped main frame, which is provided centrally with a rotary pan bearing for supporting the car body and in turn is supported centrally on its four ends on side cheeks, through which two axes are combined in pairs, with a movement compensation enabling bearings are provided. A four-axle bogie of the above type was known from US-A-2 089 110. In this known bogie, the mutually parallel main beams of the H-shaped main frame lie in the running direction of the bogie. The side cheeks are designed as springs that allow movement compensation between the axles, especially since the joints between the axle bearings of two wheel axles combined in pairs and their common side cheek as well as the joint between this side cheek and the end of the main frame supported on it can consist of elastic material . These elastic bearings thus allow limited mutually movable adjustment of the mutually supported parts. From US-A-3 006 290 it was also known in two-axle bogies to rigidly form the side cheeks connecting two axles and to provide the suspension between the frame parts of the bogie and the side cheeks as separate springs between the bearing points. The ends of the axles are connected to the rigid side walls via spherical bearing shells.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein vierachsiges Drehgestell der eingangs beschriebenen Art zu schaffen, das bei einfacher Konstruktion gute Laufeigenschaften besitzt und insbesondere bei guter Kurvengängigkeit große seitliche Anlaufkräfte vermeidet, so daß nicht nur besonders kleine Räder, sondern identische Achsen verwendet werden können und die gesamte Bauhöhe des vierachsigen Drehgestells äußerst klein gehalten werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a four-axle bogie of the type described above, which has good running properties with a simple construction and avoids large lateral starting forces in particular with good cornering, so that not only particularly small wheels, but identical axles can be used and overall height of the four-axle bogie can be kept extremely small.

Diese Aufgabenstellung wird mit der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß die parallel zueinander verlaufenden Träger des Hauptrahmens quer zur Laufrichtung liegen, daß die Enden dieser Querträger auf starren Seitenwangen jeweils über Federelemente abgestützt sind, von denen jedes außer einem Federweg in senkrechter Richtung eine begrenzte Verdrehung jeder Seitenwange um eine in der Längsmitte der Seitenwange liegende Drehachse sowie eine begrenzte Bewegung in Längs- und Querrichtung sowie im Winkel hierzu ermöglicht, und daß die Seitenwangen jeweils mittels eines eine allseitig bewegliche Einstellung ermöglichenden Auflagers mit sphärischer Lagerfläche mit den Achslagern der beiden Achsen verbunden sind.This object is achieved with the invention in that the mutually parallel supports of the main frame lie transversely to the direction of travel, that the ends of these cross members are supported on rigid side cheeks each via spring elements, each of which except a spring travel in the vertical direction a limited rotation of each side cheek around an axis of rotation lying in the longitudinal center of the side cheek and a limited movement in the longitudinal and transverse directions as well as at an angle thereto, and that the side cheeks are each connected to the axle bearings of the two axles by means of a support with a spherical bearing surface which enables adjustment on all sides.

Das erfindungsgemäße Drehgestell, bei welchem sich der Hauptrahmen unmittelbar auf den Seitenwangen abstützt, ermöglicht durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung eine selbsttätige Einstellung der einzelnen Achsen auf den jeweiligen Schienenverlauf, so daß nicht nur große seitliche Anlaufstöße vermieden werden, sondern selbst bei Verwendung identischer Radsätze der Verschleiß sowohl an den Radsätzen als auch an den Schienen erheblich herabgesetzt wird. Dies wird durch die begrenzte Beweglichkeit der jeweils zwei Achsen verbindenden Seitenwangen erzielt, die sich infolge der erfindungsgemäß gestalteten Auflager zwischen den Achslagern und den Seitenwangen und der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung der Federelemente zwischen Seitenwangen und Hauptrahmen um einen in der Längsmitte der Seitenwangen liegenden Drehpunkt bewegen können. Hierdurch ergibt sich trotz der unmittelbaren Verteilung der Last des Wagenkastens auf die vier Seitenwangen eine Einstellmöglichkeit der Radsätze, welche die Laufeigenschaften des Schienenfahrzeugs erheblich verbessert. Durch diese Verbesserung der Laufeigenschaften, insbesondere durch die Verringerung der seitlichen Anlaufstöße können Räder mit kleinem Durchmesser Verwendung finden. Da die parallel zueinander verlaufenden Träger des Hauptrahmens darüber hinaus quer zur Laufrichtung liegen, können sie jeweils zwischen zwei Achsen verlaufen, so daß das erfindungsgemässe Drehgestell insgesamt eine sehr niedrige Bauhöhe besitzt.The bogie according to the invention, in which the main frame is supported directly on the side cheeks, enables the individual axes to be automatically adjusted to the respective rail course by the design according to the invention, so that not only large lateral impact impacts are avoided, but wear even when using identical wheel sets is significantly reduced on the wheelsets as well as on the rails. This is achieved by the limited mobility of the side cheeks connecting two axles in each case, which can move around a pivot point lying in the longitudinal center of the side cheeks as a result of the supports between the axle bearings and the side cheeks designed according to the invention and the design of the spring elements between the side cheeks and main frame according to the invention. In spite of the direct distribution of the load of the car body over the four side walls, this results in an adjustment possibility for the wheel sets, which considerably improves the running properties of the rail vehicle. This improvement in the running properties, in particular by reducing the lateral impact impacts, means that small-diameter wheels can be used. Since the supports of the main frame running parallel to one another are also transverse to the direction of travel, they can each run between two axes, so that the bogie according to the invention has an overall very low overall height.

Gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung kann das Federelement zwischen jedem Ende des H-förmigen Hauptrahmens und der zugehörigen Seitenwange als Rollfederelement ausgebildet werden, welches neben dem Federweg in senkrechter Richtung und der begrenzten Verdrehung jeder Seitenwange um eine in der Längsmitte der Seitenwange liegende Drehachse zusätzlich eine begrenzte Bewegung in Längs- und Querrichtung sowie eine Bewegung im Winkel zur Längs- und Querrichtung ermöglicht und hierbei zugleich eine Rückstellung in die Mittellage bewirkt, so daß das Federelement selbst mit Rückstellkräften belastet ist. Dies kann auch durch Gummischichtfedern oder Stahlfedern, vorzugsweise spiralförmig gewickelte Stahlfedern erreicht werden.According to a further feature of the invention, the spring element between each end of the H-shaped main frame and the associated side cheek can be designed as a roller spring element which, in addition to the spring travel in the vertical direction and the limited rotation of each side cheek about an axis of rotation lying in the longitudinal center of the side cheek allows limited movement in the longitudinal and transverse directions and a movement at an angle to the longitudinal and transverse directions and at the same time causes a return to the central position, so that the spring element itself is loaded with restoring forces. This can also be achieved by layered rubber springs or steel springs, preferably spirally wound steel springs.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind jeweils zwei Federelemente in Längsrichtung der Seitenwange nebeneinander angeordnet, wodurch sich ohne Beeinträchtigung der selbsttätigen Einstellbarkeit die Rückstellkräfte erhöhen. Um die Bauhöhe des erfindungsgemäßen Drehgestells, welches vorzugsweise mit Rädern kleinen Durchmessers ausgestattet ist, zu verringern, wird mit der Erfindung weiterhin vorgeschlagen, jede Seitenwange im Bereich der Federelemente gegenüber dem Bereich der Auflager für die Achslager abzusenken.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, two spring elements are arranged next to one another in the longitudinal direction of the side cheek, as a result of which the restoring forces increase without impairing the automatic adjustability. In order to reduce the overall height of the bogie according to the invention, which is preferably equipped with small diameter wheels, the invention further proposes to lower each side cheek in the area of the spring elements with respect to the area of the supports for the axle bearings.

Um die allseitig bewegliche Einstellung zu verbessern, kann das Auflager zwischen jedem Achslager und der zugehörigen Seitenwange mit einer elastischen Lagerschicht versehen sein. Gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung ist es möglich, zwischen den in Laufrichtung hintereinander liegenden Enden des Hauptrahmens jeweils einen an seinen beiden Enden gelenkig aufgehängten Träger anzuordnen, an dem mindestens ein Gleitstück zur seitlichen Abstützung des Wagenkastens auf dem Drehgestell angeordnet ist. Hierdurch werden unerwünschte Neigungen des Wagenkastens bei Kurvenfahrt verhindert. Die Gleitstücke können erfindungsgemäß federnd am Träger abgestützt werden.In order to improve the adjustment that can be moved on all sides, the support between each axle bearing and the associated side cheek can be provided with an elastic bearing layer. According to a further feature of the invention, it is possible to arrange between the ends of the main frame one behind the other in the running direction, an articulated suspension at its two ends, on which at least one slider is arranged for lateral support of the car body on the bogie. This prevents undesirable inclinations of the car body when cornering. According to the invention, the sliders can be resiliently supported on the carrier.

Eine unerwünscht große Neigung des Wagenkastens gegenüber dem Drehgestell kann gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung auch dadurch verhindert werden, daß zwischen den in Laufrichtung hintereinander liegenden Enden des Hauptrahmens ein an seinen beiden Enden gelenkig aufgehängter Träger mit mindestens einem Luftfederelement angeordnet wird, welches mit seinem Oberteil mit dem Fahrzeug-Untergestell verbunden ist. Diese Ausführungsform des Trägers mit mindestens einem Luftfederelement ergibt nicht nur eine federnde Abstützung des Wagenkastens gegenüber dem Drehgestell, sondern auch eine Dämpfung der Drehbewegung des Drehgestelles gegenüber dem Wagenkasten, so daß Schlingerbewegungen bekämpft werden. Da der Drehwinkel des Drehgestells gegenüber dem Fahrzeug-Untergestell verhältnismäßig klein ist, dämpfen die Luftfederelemente die relative Drehbewegung, ohne diese Drehbewegung in unzulässigem Maß zu begrenzen.According to a further feature of the invention, an undesirably large inclination of the car body relative to the bogie can also be prevented by arranging between the ends of the main frame one behind the other in the running direction an articulated suspension at both ends with at least one air spring element, which with its upper part is connected to the vehicle chassis. This embodiment of the carrier with at least one air spring element not only results in a resilient support of the car body with respect to the bogie, but also a damping of the rotary movement of the bogie with respect to the car body, so that wobbling movements are combated. Since the angle of rotation of the bogie relative to the vehicle undercarriage is relatively small, the air spring elements dampen the relative rotary movement without restricting this rotary movement to an impermissible degree.

Zur Vermeidung von Schwingungen kann es vorteilhaft sein, zwischen dem Hauptrahmen und den Seitenwangen außer einer Aushebsicherung jeweils mindestens einen Dämpfer anzuordnen. Schließlich ist es von Vorteil, wenn gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung das Lagerunterteil des Drehpfannenlagers innerhalb des Hauptrahmens derart angeordnet wird, daß die Lagerfläche unterhalb der Oberkante des Hauptrahmens liegt. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine Integrierung des Drehpfannen-Lagerunterteils innerhalb des Hauptrahmens sowie insgesamt eine niedrige Bauhöhe, die insbesondere bei der vorzugsweisen Verwendung von Rädern kleinen Durchmessers von Vorteil ist.In order to avoid vibrations, it can be advantageous to arrange at least one damper between the main frame and the side walls apart from an anti-lift device. Finally, it is advantageous if, according to a further feature of the invention, the lower bearing part of the rotary cup bearing is arranged within the main frame in such a way that the bearing surface lies below the upper edge of the main frame. This results in an integration of the rotary pan bearing lower part within the main frame and a low overall height, which is particularly advantageous when wheels of small diameter are preferably used.

Auf der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Drehgestelles dargestellt, und zwar zeigen :

  • Figur 1 eine Draufsicht auf das Drehgestell,
  • Figur 2 eine teilweise gemäß der Schnittlinie 11-11 geschnittene Seitenansicht zu Fig. 1,
  • Figur 3 einen Schnitt gemäß der Schnittlinie 111-111 in Fig. 1 im Bereich eines Federelements,
  • Figur 4 einen Schnitt gemäß der Schnittlinie IV-IV in Fig. 1 im Bereich eines Auflagers und
  • Figur 5 einen Schnitt gemäß der Schnittlinie V-V in Fig. 1 im Bereich der Aufhängung eines Trägers zur seitlichen Abstützung.
An exemplary embodiment of the bogie according to the invention is shown in the drawing, namely:
  • FIG. 1 shows a top view of the bogie,
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of FIG. 1, partially cut along the section line 11-11,
  • 3 shows a section along the section line 111-111 in FIG. 1 in the region of a spring element,
  • Figure 4 shows a section along the section line IV-IV in Fig. 1 in the region of a support and
  • 5 shows a section along the section line VV in Fig. 1 in the region of the suspension of a carrier for lateral support.

Das Drehgestell besitzt einen insgesamt H-förmigen Hauptrahmen 1, der aus einem in Fahrtrichtung liegenden Längsträger 1a und zwei parallel zueinander verlaufenden Querträgern 1b zusammengesetzt ist. In der Mitte des Längsträgers 1a stützt sich der auf der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte Wagenkasten des Schienenfahrzeuges mittels eines Drehpfannenlagers auf dem Hauptrahmen 1 ab. Von diesem Drehpfannenlager ist auf der Zeichnung das Lagerunterteil 1 c zu erkennen. Die vier Enden des Hauptrahmens 1, welche jeweils paarweise in Fahrtrichtung hintereinander liegen, stützen sich jeweils auf einer Seitenwange 2 ab, durch welche jeweils zwei Radsätze 3 zusammengefaßt sind. Jeder Radsatz 3 umfaßt eine Achse 3a, die mit Rädern 3b kleinen Durchmessers versehen ist und mit ihren seitlich hervorstehenden Achsschenkeln 3c in Achslagern 4 drehbar gelagert ist. Zwischen jedem Achslager 4 und der Seitenwange 2 ist ein Auflager 5 angeordnet, welches eine begrenzte, allseitig bewegliche Einstellung zwischen Achslager 4 und Seitenwange 2 ermöglicht. Beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist dieses Auflager 5 zu diesem Zweck mit einer sphärischen Lagerfläche ausgebildet, wie dies im rechten Teil der Fig. 3 zu erkennen ist. Statt dieser sphärischen Lagerfläche kann das Auflager 5 auch mit einer elastischen Lagerschicht versehen sein.The bogie has an overall H-shaped main frame 1, which is composed of a longitudinal member 1 a lying in the direction of travel and two cross members 1 b running parallel to one another. In the middle of the longitudinal member 1 a, the carriage body of the rail vehicle, not shown in the drawing, is supported on the main frame 1 by means of a rotary socket bearing. From this rotary cup bearing the lower bearing part 1 c can be seen in the drawing. The four ends of the main frame 1, each lying in pairs one behind the other in the direction of travel, are each supported on a side cheek 2, through which two wheel sets 3 are combined. Each wheel set 3 comprises an axle 3a which is provided with wheels 3b of small diameter and is rotatably supported in axle bearings 4 with its laterally projecting steering knuckles 3c. A support 5 is arranged between each axle bearing 4 and the side cheek 2, which enables a limited adjustment that can be moved on all sides between the axle bearing 4 and the side cheek 2. In the illustrated embodiment, this support 5 is designed for this purpose with a spherical bearing surface, as can be seen in the right part of FIG. 3. Instead of this spherical bearing surface, the support 5 can also be provided with an elastic bearing layer.

Die Abstützung der vier Enden des Hauptrahmens 1 auf den Seitenwangen 2 erfolgt beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils durch zwei Federelemente 6, wie dies am besten in Fig. 2 zu erkennen ist. Um die Bauhöhe des Drehgestelles zu verringern, sind die Seitenwangen 2 im Bereich dieser Federelemente 6 gegenüber dem Bereich der Auflager 5 für die Achslager 4 abgesenkt. Auch diese Ausbildung läßt sich am besten im rechten Teil der Fig. 2 erkennen.The four ends of the main frame 1 are supported on the side cheeks 2 in the illustrated embodiment by two spring elements 6, as can best be seen in FIG. 2. In order to reduce the overall height of the bogie, the side cheeks 2 in the area of these spring elements 6 are lowered relative to the area of the supports 5 for the axle bearings 4. This training can also be seen best in the right part of FIG. 2.

Als Federelement 6 sind beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel Rollfederelemente verwendet, deren Rollfeder 6a zwischen einem unteren Federteller 6b und einem oberen Federteller 6c angeordnet ist. Diese Ausbildung ist am besten im linken Teil der Fig. 3 zu erkennen. Diese Rollfederelemente 6 ermöglichen außer einem Federweg in senkrechter Richtung eine begrenzte Bewegung der Seitenwange 2 gegenüber dem Hauptrahmen 1 sowohl in Längsrichtung als auch in Querrichtung und außerdem eine Bewegung im Winkel zur Längs- und Querrichtung. Trotz der Verwendung zweier in Fahrtrichtung hintereinander liegender Federelemente 6 gibt die voranstehend geschilderte begrenzte Beweglichkeit innerhalb der Federelemente 6 der Seitenwange 2 die Möglichkeit, sich außerdem um einen Drehpunkt gegenüber dem Hauptrahmen 1 zu verdrehen. Dieser Drehpunkt liegt in der Längsmitte jeder Seitenwange 2 zwischen den beiden Federelementen 6.In the exemplary embodiment shown, spring elements are used as the spring element 6, the roller spring 6a of which is arranged between a lower spring plate 6b and an upper spring plate 6c. This training can best be seen in the left part of FIG. 3. In addition to a spring travel in the vertical direction, these roller spring elements 6 allow a limited movement of the side cheek 2 relative to the main frame 1 both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction and also a movement at an angle to the longitudinal and transverse directions. Despite the use of two spring elements 6 lying one behind the other in the direction of travel, the above-described limited mobility within the spring elements 6 of the side cheek 2 gives the possibility of also rotating about a pivot point relative to the main frame 1. This fulcrum lies in the longitudinal center of each side cheek 2 between the two spring elements 6.

Durch die Verwendung der mit einer sphärischen Lagerfläche versehenen Auflager 5 zwischen jedem Achslager 4 und den Seitenwangen 2 und durch die voranstehend geschilderte Beweglichkeit der Federelemente 6 besitzen die Radsätze 3 die Möglichkeit, sich beim Durchlaufen eines Gleisbogens selbsttätig an den jeweiligen Schienenverlauf anzupassen. Die geschilderte Ausbildung der Auflager 5 und Federelemente 6 sorgt hierbei dafür, daß die Radsätze 3 jeweils in die Mittellage zurückkehren, so daß das Drehgestell auch einen exakten Geradeauslauf gewährleistet.By using the bearing 5 provided with a spherical bearing surface between each axle bearing 4 and the side cheeks 2 and by the above-described mobility of the spring elements 6 they have Wheel sets 3 the possibility of automatically adapting to the respective track when passing through a curved track. The described design of the supports 5 and spring elements 6 ensures that the wheel sets 3 each return to the central position, so that the bogie also ensures exact straight running.

Um bei Kurvenfahrt eine unerwünschte Neigung des Wagenkastens gegenüber dem Drehgestell zu verhindern, ist zwischen den in Längsrichtung hintereinander liegenden Enden auf beiden Seiten des Hauptrahmens 1 jeweils ein Träger 7 angeordnet, der mit seinen beiden Enden gelenkig an den Querträgern 1 des Hauptrahmens 1 aufgehängt ist, wie dies die Figuren 1 und 5 erkennen lassen. Beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel trägt dieser Träger 7 ein Gleitstück 8, auf welchem das Fahrzeug-Untergestell 9 zur Anlage kommt, wenn sich der Wagenkasten neigt. Um eine Dämpfung der Drehbewegung des Drehgestelles gegenüber dem Wagenkasten zu erreichen und eine schlagartige Begrenzung der Neigung zu vermeiden, ist das Gleitstück 8 durch Druckfedern 8a auf dem Träger 7 abgestützt. Diese Druckfedern 8a sind gestrichelt in Fig. 1 eingezeichnet. Anstelle derartiger Gleitstücke 8 können auch Luftfederelemente angeordnet werden, deren Unterteil mit dem Träger 7 und deren Oberteil mit dem Fahrzeug-Untergestell 9 verbunden ist. Diese Luftfederelemente besitzen eine derart große Beweglichkeit des Oberteils gegenüber dem Unterteil, daß sie die geringe Drehbewegung des Drehgestelles gegenüber dem Fahrzeug-Untergestell 9 nicht begrenzen, durch ihre Rückstellkräfte jedoch eine Dämpfungswirkung ausüben, welche Schlingerbewegungen des Fahrzeuges unterdrückt. Mit derartigen Luftfederelementen kann somit nicht nur eine federnde Abstützung des Wagenkastens gegenüber dem Drehgestell erreicht werden, sondern auch eine Dämpfung der Drehbewegung.In order to prevent an undesired inclination of the car body relative to the bogie when cornering, a carrier 7 is arranged between the ends lying one behind the other in the longitudinal direction on both sides of the main frame 1, the ends of which are articulated on the cross members 1 of the main frame 1, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 5. In the illustrated embodiment, this carrier 7 carries a slider 8, on which the vehicle undercarriage 9 comes to rest when the car body is inclined. In order to dampen the rotary movement of the bogie relative to the car body and to avoid a sudden limitation of the inclination, the slide 8 is supported on the carrier 7 by compression springs 8a. These compression springs 8a are shown in broken lines in FIG. 1. Instead of such sliders 8, air spring elements can also be arranged, the lower part of which is connected to the carrier 7 and the upper part of which is connected to the vehicle underframe 9. These air spring elements have such a great mobility of the upper part relative to the lower part that they do not limit the slight rotational movement of the bogie relative to the vehicle underframe 9, but exert a damping effect due to their restoring forces, which suppresses rolling movements of the vehicle. With such air spring elements, not only a resilient support of the car body with respect to the bogie can be achieved, but also a damping of the rotary movement.

In Fig. 5 ist schließlich zu erkennen, daß zwischen dem Hauptrahmen 1 bzw. dessen Querträgern 1 und den Seitenwangen 2 eine Aushebsicherung 10 angeordnet ist. Zusätzlich zur Aushebesicherung 10 kann bei Bedarf auch ein Dämpfer angeordnet werden, der die Einstellbewegung der paarweise angeordneten Achsen 3 gegenüber dem Hauptrahmen 1 dämpft. Diese Dämpfer können gleichzeitig zur Begrenzung der Einstellbewegungen herangezogen werden. Bei dem in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel des Drehgestelles besitzt dieses Räder 3b mit kleinem Durchmesser. Damit die Bauhöhe des Drehgestelles den geringen Abmessungen der Räder 3b angepaßt werden kann, ist gemäß Fig. 2 das Lagerunterteil lc des Drehpfannenlagers innerhalb des Hauptrahmens 1 derart angeordnet, daß die Lagerfläche unterhalb der Oberkante des Hauptrahmens 1 liegt. Das Lagerunterteil 1c ist somit im Hauptrahmen 1 integriert, so daß das Drehgestell insgesamt nur eine sehr niedrige Bauhöhe aufweist.In Fig. 5 it can finally be seen that an anti-lift device 10 is arranged between the main frame 1 or its cross members 1 and the side walls 2. In addition to the anti-lift device 10, a damper can also be arranged if required, which dampens the adjustment movement of the axially arranged pairs 3 relative to the main frame 1. These dampers can be used to limit the adjustment movements at the same time. In the embodiment of the bogie shown in the drawing, this wheel 3b has a small diameter. So that the height of the bogie can be adapted to the small dimensions of the wheels 3b, the lower bearing part 1c of the rotary socket bearing is arranged within the main frame 1 in accordance with FIG. 2 such that the bearing surface lies below the upper edge of the main frame 1. The lower bearing part 1c is thus integrated in the main frame 1, so that the bogie has a very low overall height.

Claims (10)

1. A four-axle bogie for rail vehicles, with an H-shaped main frame (1) which for supporting the car body is provided centrally with a socket bearing (1c) and is itself supported by way of its four ends centrally on side cheeks (2), each of which embraces two axles (3a) forming a pair, bearings (6, 4) being provided which allow movement compensation, characterised in that the beams (1b) of the main frame (1) which extend parallel to each other lie transversely to the running direction, that the ends of these transverse beams (1 b) being supported on rigid side cheeks (2) by way of respective spring elements (6), each of which, in addition to a sprung movement in an upright direction, allows a limited rotating of each side cheek (2) about an axis of rotation lying on the middle of the length of the side cheek (2), and a limited movement in the longitudinal and transverse direction and also at an angle thereto, the side cheeks (2) being connected to the respective axle bearings (4) of the two axles (3a) by means of an over-bearing (5) which comprises spherical bearing surfaces and which allows movement adjustment on all sides.
2. A bogie as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the spring element (6) between each end of the H-shaped main frame (1) and the associated side cheek (2) is in the form of a roller spring element.
3. A bogie as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the two spring elements (6) are disposed adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the respective side cheek (2).
4. A bogie as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that each side cheek (2) is depressed in the region of the spring elements (6), with respect to the region of the over-bearing (5) for the axle bearing (4).
5. A bogie as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the over-bearing (5) is provided with an elastic bearing layer between each axial bearing (4) and the associated side cheek (2).
6. A bogie as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that between those ends of the main frame (1) which lie consecutively in the running direction, there is disposed a respective beam (7) which is flexibly suspended at its two ends and on which there is disposed at least one sliding contact element (8) for the lateral support of the car body on the bogie.
7. A bogie as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that the sliding contact elements (8) are resiliently supported on the beam (7). '
8. A bogie as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that between those ends of the main frame (1) which lie consecutively in the running direction there is disposed a beam (7) flexibly suspended at its two ends and comprising at least one pneumatic cushioning element, the upper part of which is connected to the vehicle underframe (9).
9. A bogie as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that between the main frame (1) and the side cheeks (2) there is disposed at least one shock-absorber in addition to a device (10) for protection against withdrawal.
10. A bogie as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the lower bearing portion (1c) of the socket bearing is disposed within the main frame (1) in such a manner that the bearing surface lies below the upper edge of the main frame (1).
EP80102643A 1979-05-16 1980-05-13 Four-axle bogie Expired EP0019265B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80102643T ATE3106T1 (en) 1979-05-16 1980-05-13 FOUR-AXLE BODY.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2919635 1979-05-16
DE2919635A DE2919635C2 (en) 1979-05-16 1979-05-16 Four-axle bogie

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0019265A1 EP0019265A1 (en) 1980-11-26
EP0019265B1 true EP0019265B1 (en) 1983-04-20

Family

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EP80102643A Expired EP0019265B1 (en) 1979-05-16 1980-05-13 Four-axle bogie

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EP (1) EP0019265B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE3106T1 (en)
DD (1) DD150578A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2919635C2 (en)
DK (1) DK155154C (en)
ES (1) ES8100987A1 (en)
NO (1) NO148844C (en)
PL (1) PL124025B1 (en)
YU (1) YU40598B (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8217321U1 (en) * 1982-06-16 1982-10-07 Waggonfabrik Talbot, 5100 Aachen BOGIE
DE3229709C1 (en) * 1982-08-10 1987-08-20 Waggonfabrik Talbot, 5100 Aachen Three-axle bogie for rail vehicles
DE3801117A1 (en) * 1988-01-16 1989-08-03 Talbot Waggonfab UNIT WITH CONTINUOUSLY LOW-SLEEPING WALL FLOOR
AT394980B (en) * 1988-03-30 1992-08-10 Sgp Verkehrstechnik Four-axis bogie for rail vehicles
FI83854C (en) * 1989-11-01 1991-09-10 Rautaruukki Oy Low bogie construction
AT412716B (en) * 2003-02-03 2005-06-27 Klaus Dr Riessberger COUPLING DEVICE FOR CONNECTING TWO TEACHING SPACES
WO2016073031A1 (en) * 2014-11-03 2016-05-12 Kasgro Rail Corp. Method of manufacturing a multiple axle railcar having a span bolster
CN110293990A (en) * 2019-07-31 2019-10-01 中车戚墅堰机车有限公司 A kind of locomotive four-shaft steering

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE266295C (en) *
DE601713C (en) * 1932-02-06 1934-08-25 Ettore Bugatti Bogie with at least three axles for rail vehicles
US2242371A (en) * 1938-12-19 1941-05-20 Buckeye Steel Castings Co Car truck
US3006290A (en) * 1958-06-23 1961-10-31 American Steel Foundries Railway car truck
US3179065A (en) * 1962-01-22 1965-04-20 Amsted Ind Inc Eight wheel railway car truck structure
US3348500A (en) * 1965-01-08 1967-10-24 Adirondack Steel Casting Co In Eight wheel railway truck with span bolster
AT300024B (en) * 1969-05-27 1972-07-10 Simmering Graz Pauker Ag Frame for a three- or multi-axle drive of a rail vehicle
US3712246A (en) * 1971-08-30 1973-01-23 Gen Steel Ind Inc Elastomerically articulated railway truck
FR2243855B1 (en) * 1973-09-13 1976-05-14 Creusot Loire
DE2444013C3 (en) * 1974-09-14 1986-05-07 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Chassis for heavy-duty rail vehicles, in particular steelworks vehicles
CH578447A5 (en) * 1975-08-27 1976-08-13 Schmid Kuenzli Robert Railway vehicle bogie with pivoted axles - has single axle bogies with stabilising elements for following track curves
DE2815375C2 (en) * 1978-04-10 1986-08-28 Waggon Union Gmbh, 1000 Berlin Und 5900 Siegen Lateral elastic support of the car body of rail vehicles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
YU40598B (en) 1986-02-28
NO801440L (en) 1980-11-17
ES491198A0 (en) 1980-12-01
DE2919635A1 (en) 1980-11-20
NO148844C (en) 1983-12-28
NO148844B (en) 1983-09-19
DK155154B (en) 1989-02-20
DK155154C (en) 1989-07-10
DK189880A (en) 1980-11-17
PL124025B1 (en) 1982-12-31
ATE3106T1 (en) 1983-05-15
ES8100987A1 (en) 1980-12-01
PL224283A1 (en) 1981-02-27
DE2919635C2 (en) 1982-12-02
EP0019265A1 (en) 1980-11-26
DD150578A5 (en) 1981-09-09
YU114380A (en) 1983-02-28

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