EP0012723A1 - Procédé d'examen mécanique de la qualité d'impression d'une épreuve et dispositif pour sa mise en action - Google Patents

Procédé d'examen mécanique de la qualité d'impression d'une épreuve et dispositif pour sa mise en action Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0012723A1
EP0012723A1 EP79810177A EP79810177A EP0012723A1 EP 0012723 A1 EP0012723 A1 EP 0012723A1 EP 79810177 A EP79810177 A EP 79810177A EP 79810177 A EP79810177 A EP 79810177A EP 0012723 A1 EP0012723 A1 EP 0012723A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
values
point
threshold
deviations
pixels
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Application number
EP79810177A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0012723B1 (fr
Inventor
Kurt Ehrat
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Gretag AG
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Gretag AG
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Priority to AT79810177T priority Critical patent/ATE1561T1/de
Publication of EP0012723A1 publication Critical patent/EP0012723A1/fr
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Publication of EP0012723B1 publication Critical patent/EP0012723B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G07D7/121—Apparatus characterised by sensor details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the mechanical assessment of the print quality of a printed product by point-by-point comparison of the test specimen to be assessed with a template, with the formation of the difference values between the reflectance values of the individual pixels of the test specimen and the reflectance values of the pixels of the template and corresponding to the specimen pixels Processing and evaluation of the difference values obtained in this way according to certain criteria, the evaluation comprising a final threshold value decision.
  • DE-OS 26 20 611 states that the minimum threshold should not be the same over the entire image area, but could also be selected locally, for example in the area of a watermark. Although this procedure already produces very good results, ie a relatively low frequency of incorrect assessments, it has been shown that these measures are not always sufficient.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving a method of the type defined at the outset in such a way that it works more reliably and leads to fewer incorrect assessments of the test specimens. Another task is to make the process less expensive with the same quality requirements. Yet another object of the invention is to achieve the above objectives with as little effort as possible.
  • the reference printed products used are preferably those which are subject to the largest possible deviations which are still tolerable.
  • the bug is supposed to These may be of various types (positioning errors, register errors, tinting errors) in order to be able to record the effects of all errors that occur in practice on the machine test.
  • DE-OS 26 20 767 (US-Pat-.Appl.Ser.No. 791 140/77)
  • DE-OS 26 20 765 US-Pat.Appl.Ser.No. 790 606/77
  • DE-OS 26 20 611 (US-Pat.Appl.Ser.No. 790 656/77) described device.
  • It comprises three photoelectric scanning devices (scanners) 1-3 for point-by-point photoelectric scanning of the reflectance values of a test specimen and two partial image templates (1, 2), a relative position determination stage 4 for determining the relative positions between the test specimen and the individual partial image templates, two displacement stages 5 controlled by the relative position determination stage 4 and 6 for taking into account or compensating for the relative positions mentioned (register deviations), a combination stage 7 for electronically combining the image contents of the two sub-image templates, a subtracting stage 8 in which the differences in the reflectance values of corresponding pixels of the test specimen and combined templates are formed, a tint correction stage 9 , a minimum threshold correction level 10, an error evaluation level 11 operating according to the error recovery method described in DE-OS 26 20 611 and a threshold decision level 12 which, depending on the result, has a point-by-point threshold decisions a "good" - or a "bad” - Signal generated.
  • scanners photoelectric scanning devices
  • the device shown completely corresponds to that described in the cited documents.
  • the device shown also comprises two variable correction stages 13 and 14 with a transmitter stage 15 for setting the desired correction course, a position transmitter stage 16, via which the displacement stages 5 and 6 can be controlled in the same way as via the relative position determination stage 4, but independently of this, an electronic switch 17, a fault image memory 18 comprising a plurality of partial memories, a maximum value detection stage 19 and two threshold value memories 20 and 21 for the positive and negative threshold values, on the basis of which the threshold value decision stage 12 makes its good / bad decision.
  • Very high quality printed products e.g. Banknotes and other securities are usually produced in several printing processes using different printing technologies (gravure printing, letterpress printing, offset printing).
  • the use proposed in DE-OS 26 20 767 allows several partial templates, the image content of which corresponds only to the image content of the printed product generated with one of the different printing technologies , a more precise test.
  • the directly determined or stored sample values of the two templates are then shifted in the shift stages 5 and 6 by the coordinates Ax, Ay assigned to them by conversion such that all the pixels of the two templates come to coincide with those of the respective test object. How this is done in detail is described in detail in the already mentioned DE-OS 26 20 767 (US-Pat.Appl.Ser.No. 791 140/77). (Correction levels 13 and 14) are inactive during the normal inspection of the printed products, i.e. they have no influence on the remission values.
  • the remission values of the three sub-templates that have been shifted or corrected in this way are then linked to one another in the combination stage 7 by simple multiplication, and then result in the overall template that is compared in stage 8 with the respective test item point by point.
  • the reflectance value differences .DELTA.I i generated by comparison stage 8 form a difference image of the test object compared to the composite template.
  • These reflectance value differences ⁇ I i are first subjected to a tint correction in stage 9, an average value being formed from the difference values of a certain surrounding area of each pixel and subtracted from the difference value of the respective pixel. This tint correction is intended to avoid incorrect assessments due to minor tint deviations of the test specimen.
  • tint-corrected difference values then arrive at the minimum threshold correction stage 10, in which all those tint-corrected difference values which do not exceed a predetermined minimum threshold are eliminated, so that they are no longer included in the further evaluation. More about tint and minimum threshold correction can be found in DE-OS 26 20 611 (US Pat. Appl. Ser. No. 790 656/77), in which also according to Faultberg 11 evaluation level is described in detail.
  • An essential feature of the Stephenberg method is that the difference values of the individual image points are not considered in isolation, but always in connection with the difference values of the environment points, whereby the respective environment points are still given a distance-dependent weight.
  • the difference values processed in this way then ultimately lead to the decision “good” or “bad” in step 13 by means of threshold value detection.
  • the threshold values required for this - one positive and one negative value per pixel - are located in the threshold value memories 20 and 21. Their detection or formation is described below.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the fact that even “good”, that is to say test items which are found to be good in a visual inspection, do not exactly match the template (s), but instead still lead to certain remission value differences AI when comparing in step 8.
  • the size of these remission value differences, their sign and their distribution over the entire image area depend on what was still considered permissible during the visual inspection and what was not.
  • image errors are caused by register errors between the individual prints, by position errors in the watermarks, and by color fluctuations.
  • Other sources of error include image distortion and positioning errors between the test object and the template (s). The deviations permitted for each type of error are defined.
  • the effects that all these permitted errors have on the reflectance value differences in each individual pixel are now examined and that for the The error decision determines the relevant threshold values so that test specimens whose deviations from the submission are still within the permissible range are actually rated as "good".
  • This setting of the threshold values is of course very critical, since it is very difficult to draw the line between "good” test specimens, ie test specimens with tolerable errors, and "bad” test specimens, because the effects of the different types of error on the remission value differences are very different. For example, it can happen that a tolerable register error causes a greater remission value difference than an intolerable error in the watermark position.
  • an analysis is now carried out of test specimens which are subject to all possible but still just at the limit of the tolerable errors and the maximum positive and maximum negative reflectance value difference resulting from all these errors is determined for each pixel.
  • an "error image" composed of the individual difference values in each pixel is generated for each type of error or for each test object and is stored in the image via the corresponding switch 17 in a separate partial memory of the error image memory 18.
  • the maximum value selection device 19 looks for the maximum positive and the maximum negative difference value for each pixel from the individual partial memories and stores them in images in the two threshold value memories 20 and 21. These stored maximum difference values are thus directly used as individual threshold values for the good / bad. Decision used in level 12. (If necessary, the maximum difference values can also be increased by a certain safety by an additive constant distance can be increased).
  • the error analysis is considerably simplified by not examining actual test objects, but electronically simulating such test objects and examining the simulated test objects. The maximum tolerable errors can then be conveniently set and a few simulated test items are sufficient to record practically all contingencies.
  • the register errors and position deviations are simulated using the position encoder stage 16 and the shift stages 5 and 6 controlled by it. For this purpose, either an almost ideally good printed product or one with medium register errors etc. is clamped in as a test object and the relative positions compared to the template or templates determined by means of the relative position determination level 4.
  • the template (s) are then successively shifted by the maximum tolerable distance in the four directions of the scanning grid and the shifted template (s) is compared with the test object, which in this case actually has a template function.
  • the templates are shifted, of course not objectively, but only consist in assigning the remission values to pixels shifted by one or more pixel distances or in a distance-dependent inter or extrapolation of the remission values in the individual pixels.
  • the remission value differences that arise during these successive image comparisons, the entirety of which each represent an error image of the simulated test specimens concerned, are then shown in the error image memory 18 stored and processed as described.
  • the simulation of faulty test objects can of course also be carried out entirely without a real test object by electronically creating an ideal test object from the templates, storing it and then using it as a standard of comparison.
  • the simulation of register deviations between the individual prints of the printed product is carried out by shifting the two templates relative to one another, and the simulation of positioning errors by shifting them simultaneously compared to the real or artificially generated test sample.
  • a combination of both shifts is of course also possible.
  • the best way to simulate position errors of the watermark is to use two templates, one of which contains no watermark and the other only contains the watermark.
  • the two correction stages 13 and 14 and the variation transmitter stage 15 controlling them are provided for the simulation of tinting errors caused by printing ink or paper colors. These correction levels calculate the measured reflectance values Im supplied to them, for example according to the linear relationship into resulting reflectance values I R.
  • I w means the remission value for any reference white.
  • the conversion or correction of the remission values can be used for the neutral remission (overall brightness) as well as for one or more color emission values. Accordingly, it simulates positive or negative neutral density deviations in one case and corresponding color deviations in the other case compared to the comparison standard.
  • the entire quality inspection can be carried out in one channel (black and white) or in multiple channels (e.g. three basic colors).
  • the factor a in the above conversion formula can be set via the variation encoder stage 15.
  • the factor a is of course zero, so that the remission values pass the correction levels unchanged.
  • the method described above for obtaining the decision threshold values can of course also be used for those printed products for the examination of which only a single template is used, and in this case even simpler, since the number of possible errors is also less.
  • a mechanical or optical simulation can also be used by physically moving or rotating the test specimen and original (s) or by inserting filters etc. into the scanning beam path.
  • the definitive decision on errors only takes place after a longer and relatively complex preparation of the remission differences in levels 9, 10 and 11.
  • the inventive the principle of the individual evaluation threshold for each individual pixel also allows the error decision to be made at an earlier stage, for example after the tint correction level 9 or directly after the comparison level 8, in which case the following levels would of course be superfluous.
  • the fault patterns of the simulated test objects would also have to be obtained at the appropriate points, i.e. after the tint correction or immediately after the difference had been formed, and the threshold values had to be derived from them.
  • These simpler variants of the test procedure are of course somewhat less sensitive and precise, but they enable a significant reduction in the amount of computing work required in cases where the quality requirements are not as high.
  • the quality inspection method according to the invention has yet another advantage in that the individual error thresholds can be kept “a jour” very easily. So if e.g. a new production lot is available, some "good” test items from this lot are examined and their fault patterns compared to the templates are formed. If these error images contain larger errors than the previous error images, the relevant threshold values are replaced by the difference values in the relevant places of the new error images.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Facsimiles In General (AREA)
  • Apparatuses And Processes For Manufacturing Resistors (AREA)
  • Electric Connection Of Electric Components To Printed Circuits (AREA)
  • General Factory Administration (AREA)
EP79810177A 1978-12-18 1979-12-12 Procédé d'examen mécanique de la qualité d'impression d'une épreuve et dispositif pour sa mise en action Expired EP0012723B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79810177T ATE1561T1 (de) 1978-12-18 1979-12-12 Verfahren zur maschinellen beurteilung der druckqualitaet eines druckerzeugnisses sowie vorrichtung zu dessen durchfuehrung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1283278 1978-12-18
CH12832/78 1978-12-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0012723A1 true EP0012723A1 (fr) 1980-06-25
EP0012723B1 EP0012723B1 (fr) 1982-09-15

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ID=4386786

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79810177A Expired EP0012723B1 (fr) 1978-12-18 1979-12-12 Procédé d'examen mécanique de la qualité d'impression d'une épreuve et dispositif pour sa mise en action

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4303832A (fr)
EP (1) EP0012723B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5583840A (fr)
AT (1) ATE1561T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1127868A (fr)
DE (1) DE2963696D1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0067898A1 (fr) * 1981-06-22 1982-12-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Système d'identification de billets de banque
EP0071421A2 (fr) * 1981-07-24 1983-02-09 Fujitsu Limited Appareil pour l'examen de billets de banque
EP0075270A1 (fr) 1981-09-17 1983-03-30 Kita Electronics Co., Ltd. Dispositif de surveillance de papiers imprimés
EP0101115A1 (fr) * 1982-07-20 1984-02-22 Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO Dispositif de reconnaissance et d'examen pour des billets de banque ou équivalent
EP0444427A2 (fr) * 1990-02-22 1991-09-04 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Procédé pour établir le diagnostic de fonctionnement d'une presse en fonction de la rémission des témoins plein-ton et tramés

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4587434A (en) * 1981-10-22 1986-05-06 Cubic Western Data Currency note validator
US4811408A (en) * 1987-11-13 1989-03-07 Light Signatures, Inc. Image dissecting document verification system
US4924507A (en) * 1988-02-11 1990-05-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Real-time optical multiple object recognition and tracking system and method
US5912988A (en) * 1996-12-27 1999-06-15 Xytec Corporation Image processing method and apparatus for distortion compensation
JP3488603B2 (ja) * 1997-09-16 2004-01-19 株式会社東芝 電子透かしを利用したコピープロテクトシステム
DE102009023963A1 (de) * 2009-06-05 2010-12-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Bestimmen eines Qualitätsmaßes für ein von einer Bearbeitungsmaschine bearbeitetes Produkt
JP5678595B2 (ja) * 2010-11-15 2015-03-04 株式会社リコー 検査装置、検査方法、検査プログラム、及びそのプログラムを記録した記録媒体
JP2019203690A (ja) * 2016-09-26 2019-11-28 株式会社日立産機システム 印字検査装置および印字検査方法
CN110501335B (zh) * 2019-08-23 2021-10-26 北京印刷学院 一种星标印品质量的检测与表征方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2310882A1 (de) * 1972-03-21 1973-10-04 Gao Ges Automation Org Verfahren zur messung des verschmutzungsgrades von banknoten oder dergl
FR2196494A1 (fr) * 1972-07-28 1974-03-15 Titn
DE2650706A1 (de) * 1975-11-06 1977-05-18 Eduard Dr Ing Krochmann Verfahren und einrichtung zur automatischen fotoelektrischen durchfuehrung des vergleichs von ebenen werkstuecken, bedruckten blaettern oder urkunden mit einem urmuster
DE2620611A1 (de) * 1976-04-30 1977-11-10 Gretag Ag Verfahren zur beurteilung eines druckerzeugnisses
DE2749641A1 (de) * 1976-11-08 1978-05-24 Abbott Coin Counter Einrichtung zur automatischen identifizierung von insbesondere papiergeld

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3275985A (en) * 1962-06-14 1966-09-27 Gen Dynamics Corp Pattern recognition systems using digital logic
IT1068657B (it) * 1976-11-03 1985-03-21 Nuovo Pignone Spa Metodo perfezionato per il controllo di banconote ed apparecchiature per realizzarlo
GB1592449A (en) * 1976-12-01 1981-07-08 Ferranti Ltd Optical inspection apparatus
JPS5379594A (en) * 1976-12-24 1978-07-14 Hitachi Ltd Surface inspecting apparatus of objects

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2310882A1 (de) * 1972-03-21 1973-10-04 Gao Ges Automation Org Verfahren zur messung des verschmutzungsgrades von banknoten oder dergl
FR2196494A1 (fr) * 1972-07-28 1974-03-15 Titn
DE2650706A1 (de) * 1975-11-06 1977-05-18 Eduard Dr Ing Krochmann Verfahren und einrichtung zur automatischen fotoelektrischen durchfuehrung des vergleichs von ebenen werkstuecken, bedruckten blaettern oder urkunden mit einem urmuster
DE2620611A1 (de) * 1976-04-30 1977-11-10 Gretag Ag Verfahren zur beurteilung eines druckerzeugnisses
DE2749641A1 (de) * 1976-11-08 1978-05-24 Abbott Coin Counter Einrichtung zur automatischen identifizierung von insbesondere papiergeld

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0067898A1 (fr) * 1981-06-22 1982-12-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Système d'identification de billets de banque
EP0071421A2 (fr) * 1981-07-24 1983-02-09 Fujitsu Limited Appareil pour l'examen de billets de banque
EP0071421A3 (en) * 1981-07-24 1983-07-06 Fujitsu Limited Bank note checking apparatus
US4487306A (en) * 1981-07-24 1984-12-11 Fujitsu Limited Bill-discriminating apparatus
EP0075270A1 (fr) 1981-09-17 1983-03-30 Kita Electronics Co., Ltd. Dispositif de surveillance de papiers imprimés
EP0101115A1 (fr) * 1982-07-20 1984-02-22 Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO Dispositif de reconnaissance et d'examen pour des billets de banque ou équivalent
EP0444427A2 (fr) * 1990-02-22 1991-09-04 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Procédé pour établir le diagnostic de fonctionnement d'une presse en fonction de la rémission des témoins plein-ton et tramés
EP0444427A3 (en) * 1990-02-22 1991-11-27 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Process for diagnosing the operation of a press according to the remission of full- and half-tone fields
US5258925A (en) * 1990-02-22 1993-11-02 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Printing process diagnostic method and system for a rotary printing press, using diffuse reflection of solid-print and half-tone fields

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0012723B1 (fr) 1982-09-15
ATE1561T1 (de) 1982-09-15
DE2963696D1 (en) 1982-11-04
US4303832A (en) 1981-12-01
JPS5583840A (en) 1980-06-24
CA1127868A (fr) 1982-07-20

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