EP0010485B1 - Korrosionsinhibitor-Zusammensetzung, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung zum Schutz von Metalloberflächen - Google Patents

Korrosionsinhibitor-Zusammensetzung, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung zum Schutz von Metalloberflächen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0010485B1
EP0010485B1 EP79400727A EP79400727A EP0010485B1 EP 0010485 B1 EP0010485 B1 EP 0010485B1 EP 79400727 A EP79400727 A EP 79400727A EP 79400727 A EP79400727 A EP 79400727A EP 0010485 B1 EP0010485 B1 EP 0010485B1
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Prior art keywords
corrosion
acid derivative
water
composition according
group
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EP79400727A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0010485A1 (de
Inventor
Francis Moran
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Union Chimique Et Industrielle De L'ouest Sa SA
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Union Chimique Et Industrielle De L'ouest Sa SA
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Priority claimed from FR7829312A external-priority patent/FR2453911A1/fr
Priority claimed from FR7916763A external-priority patent/FR2460338A2/fr
Application filed by Union Chimique Et Industrielle De L'ouest Sa SA filed Critical Union Chimique Et Industrielle De L'ouest Sa SA
Priority to AT79400727T priority Critical patent/ATE1020T1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
    • C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates, as a new industrial product, to a corrosion-inhibiting composition. It also relates to its preparation process and its application in the protection of metal surfaces, in particular with respect to corrosion in the presence of water in liquid or vapor form.
  • Such protective packaging can be produced using numerous mineral substances, such as phosphates, polyphosphates, chromates, silicates, nitrites, sulfites, etc., or organic, such as thiols, thiazols, amines, tannins, etc., and chosen according to the characteristics of the water used and the installations themselves.
  • mineral substances such as phosphates, polyphosphates, chromates, silicates, nitrites, sulfites, etc.
  • organic such as thiols, thiazols, amines, tannins, etc.
  • amines having a molecular weight less than 300 such as ammonia, hydrazine, alkylamines (especially C 1 -C 4), morpholine, benzylamine, cyclohexylamine, alkanolamines (see in particular the published French patent application No. 2 310 420) and polyalkylene polyamines (see in particular the American patents No. 3 069 225 and 2 857 333 and Dutch No. 100 963 ), and their water-soluble salts obtained in particular by stoichiometric neutralization by means of aminophosphonic acids described in the abovementioned documents or of polyphosphonic acids. Said amines and their phosphonates lead to insufficient inhibition of the corrosion of metals, in particular by water, in the sense that the loss of thickness of the metallic surfaces which it was desired to protect is of the order of 80 to 150 plan in the best conditions of employment.
  • fatty C 12 -C 22 alkylamines in particular dehydroabietylamine, laurylamine and stearylamine, and their acid addition salts with HCl and CH 3 COOH, as well as aliphatic polyamines with long chains called "fatty polyamines" (cf. French patent No. 1,435,023) such as stearylaminopropyleneamine.
  • fatty polyamines cf. French patent No. 1,435,023
  • These fatty alkylamines and these fatty polyamines have the disadvantage of leading to insufficient inhibition of corrosion by water, since the loss of thickness of the metallic surfaces (in particular of Fe or Cu) is of the order of 80 to 100 ⁇ / year under the best conditions of use.
  • the inhibitors of the prior art and their salts best lead to a loss of thickness of the order of 80 to 150 plan.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a new technical solution for solving the problem of inhibiting corrosion of metal surfaces, which is different from those of the prior art.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a new inhibiting composition having an anti-corrosion power greater than that of the means which have been previously recommended. Indeed, in very many cases, rates of residual corrosion by water (loss of thickness from 80 to 150 u / year) are still considered too high with regard to the costs of repair and maintenance of the installations, also although with regard to production or operating stoppages, which these repairs or replacements very often cause. Thus compared to the solution of published French patent application no.
  • a new inhibitory composition which contains at least one polyamine and at least one derivative of alkylene phosphonic acid, and which makes it possible to achieve, for the metallic surfaces which it is desired to protect in particular with respect to water, losses of thickness less than or equal to 50 ⁇ / year.
  • aminoalkylenephosphonic acid derivative is meant here the acids, salts and esters having in their molecule at least one fragment: (where the alkylene group has a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain, and the dotted lines represent bonds with other groups) as indicated in French Patent No. 1,430,798.
  • alkylene polyphosphonic acid a compound having at least two phosphonic functions and which is in particular chosen from the group consisting of. alkylene polyphosphonic acids, their esters and their mineral salts (such as in particular the metallic and NHQ salts), the alkylene chain comprising no amino group.
  • polyamines of formula 1 which are suitable, mention may in particular be made of dodecyltri (aminopropylene) amine, dodecyltetra (aminopropylene) amine, hexadecyltri (aminopropylene) amine, hexadecenyltetra (aminopropylene) amine, octadecyl (aminopropylene) amine, octadecylpenta propylene) amine, octadecenyltetra (aminopropylene) amine, octadecyltri (aminopropylene) amine, octadecenylhexa (aminopropylene) amine and hexadecylhepta (aminopropylene) amine.
  • dodecyltri (aminopropylene) amine dodecyltetra (a
  • the amines of formula 1 can be used as they can be obtained commercially, alone or mixed together, in their pure or technical forms. It is also possible to use polyamines prepared from fatty acids of animal, vegetable or synthetic origin. Among the polyamines sold which are suitable, mention may in particular be made of the products known under the names brand DUOMEEN, DINORAM, TRINORAM, POLYRAM, LILAMIN and CEMULCAT which contain at least one polyamine I having a molecular weight greater than or equal to 320.
  • acids of formula II non-limiting examples that may be mentioned include amino-tri (methylphosphonic), amino-tri (ethylphosphonic), amino-tri (propylphosphonic) and amino-tri (butylphosphonic), amino- tri [( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethyl) methylphosphonic].
  • acids of formula III non-limiting examples that may be mentioned include ethylenediaminotetra (methylphosphinic), propylenediaminotetra (methylphosphonic) and hexamethylenediaminotetra (methylphosphonic) acids.
  • acids of formula V include diethoxypropylaminodi (methylphosphonic), undecaethoxypropylaminodi (ethylphosphonic) and pentapropoxypropylaminodi (methylphosphonic) acids.
  • alkylene phosphonic acids corresponding to formulas II to VI above can be chemically pure products, or technical products normally manufactured by industry and sold in liquid, pasty or pulverulent form, or alternatively in the form of aqueous solutions at all concentrations, without the choice of one of these forms of presentation being able to constitute any limitation to the present invention.
  • alkylenephosphonic acids placed on the market in the form of aqueous solutions will be preferred.
  • composition according to the invention will contain (a) 5 to parts by weight of polyamine I and (b) 20 to 95 parts by weight of the alkylenephosphonic acid derivative and, preferably, (a) 15 to 70 parts by weight of polyamine I and (b) 30 to 85 parts by weight of alkylene phosphonic acid derivative of formulas II to VI.
  • the process for preparing the corrosion-inhibiting composition is carried out according to a method known per se which consists in mixing one or more polyamines with one or more derivatives of alkylene phosphonic acid.
  • a method known per se which consists in mixing one or more polyamines with one or more derivatives of alkylene phosphonic acid.
  • use is made of a process which is characterized in that the selected polyamine or polyamines are brought to the liquid state, by sufficient heating, which are gradually introduced, with moderate stirring. , or bright, as the case may be, 'in an aqueous solution of the alkylenephosphonic acid (s) chosen and previously heated to a temperature lower than that of the polyamine.
  • the mixture which is obtained may be in the form of a gel, or a paste, or a wax.
  • the polyamine (s) will be melted at a temperature between approximately 30 and approximately 85 ° C. and poured into the alkylene phosphonic acid (s) brought to a temperature between approximately 15 and approximately 60 ° C.
  • mixtures with higher softening points will be preferred as corrosion inhibitors with respect to metal surfaces subjected to high temperatures, such as for example those constituting the tubes of steam boilers, or superheaters, or else those constituting the cooling circuits of the ovens of the metallurgical and steel industries.
  • the pasty or gelled compositions produced according to the invention can be introduced using a piston positive displacement pump, as is commercially available, either as is in water in industrial or real estate circuits. to be protected, either still previously emulsified, or dispersed in a larger amount of water using one or more surface-active substances of commerce and known to those skilled in the art as capable of dispersing polyamines oily.
  • the quantities of substances with surface-active properties used for this purpose depend on the commercial aspect which it is desired to give to such dispersions and should not constitute any limitation to the present invention.
  • the substances with surface-active properties which are the most recommended are those included among the nonionic and / or cationic surfactants preferably.
  • non-ionic substances that may be mentioned are ethoxylated or propoxylated fatty acids and alcohols, ethoxylated fatty monoamines, fatty acid or alcohol esters, aliphatic amine oxides, sorbitol esters. , etc., and among the so-called cationic substances, amine salts, quaternary ammonium salts, condensation products of ethylene or propylene oxide on fatty polyamines.
  • Stable dispersions in water can be obtained in particular with known industrial products chosen from those which have brand names: NORAMOX, ETHOMEEN, DINORAMOX, ETHODUOMEEN, ETHOQUAD, ARQUAD, NORAMIUM, NOXAMINE, ADOGEN, ELFAPUR, AROMOX etc.
  • 500 g of oleylaminopropyleneamine, of industrial technical quality, corresponding to the general formula (Î) above, and previously liquefied, and maintained during the introduction, are gradually added into the warm acid solution, with moderate mechanical stirring. the temperature of about 45 ° C.
  • the pasty composition thus obtained which has a solubility of less than 1% by weight in distilled water, constitutes an excellent corrosion inhibitor according to the invention, as will be seen below.
  • 500 g of a 60% by weight aqueous solution of hexylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, thus containing 300 g, are placed in a glass container, or in any other material which is not liable to be damaged by acids.
  • 250 g of oleyltri (aminopropylene) amine, of industrial quality, corresponding to general formula 1 above, and previously liquefied at a temperature of about 40 ° C. are gradually poured into the acid solution, with vigorous stirring.
  • the circuit mainly made of glass, with a total capacity of 19.6 I, surmounted by an expansion tank open to the air, also made of glass, of 5 I capacity, is fitted with a stopcock adjustable drain, usable either discontinuously for heating tests or continuously for cooling tests.
  • the circulation flow of 1.6 m 3 / h is ensured by a centrifugal pump (in particular a centrifugal pump as manufactured by HALBERG GmbH of Ludwigshafen, RFA) and controlled using a rotameter.
  • the straight sections of the circuit are made of industrial glass tubes, their diameter is 40 mm and their total length is 3 m.
  • test pieces for weight loss measurements are of hollow cylindrical shape, 50 mm in length, 21.3 to 22 mm in outside diameter, and 14.8 to 17 mm in inside diameter, and develop an external surface of 33 , 45 to 34.55 cm 2 , in contact with the aggressive medium, for an average weight of 72.5 g for steel test pieces, 69.0 g for copper test pieces and 21.2 g for test pieces in aluminium.
  • the metal test pieces are polished using a soft commercial abrasive, washed with demineralized water, dried with acetone and weighed very exactly to ⁇ 1 X 10- 4 g. They are then mounted in series, three by three, each of different metal, separated and held together by an appropriate Teflon fixing system, then introduced horizontally into a straight glass section of the circuit. At the end of the tests, they are removed from the circuit, brushed using a soft brush to remove corrosion products, washed with demineralized water, dried with acetone and weighed very exactly to ⁇ 1 x 10 -4 g.
  • the tests were carried out with two varieties of water, namely raw water (raw water AI for the inhibiting compositions of examples 1-3, and raw water A2 for the inhibiting compositions of examples 4-6) and softened water ( softened water B1 for the inhibitor compositions of Examples 1-3, and softened water B2 for the inhibitor compositions of Examples 4-6, the softened water B1 and respectively B2 being obtained from raw water A1 and respectively A2 by passage over exchange resin ionic, cationic type in sodium cycle).
  • raw water raw water AI for the inhibiting compositions of examples 1-3, and raw water A2 for the inhibiting compositions of examples 4-6
  • softened water softened water B1 for the inhibitor compositions of Examples 1-3, and softened water B2 for the inhibitor compositions of Examples 4-6, the softened water B1 and respectively B2 being obtained from raw water A1 and respectively A2 by passage over exchange resin ionic, cationic type in sodium cycle.
  • Raw water A1 and A2 (drinking water distributed by the city of Paris) was used as such for corrosion tests of the "cooling" type, and softened water B1 and B2 was used for corrosion tests of the "heater”.
  • Tables II to V relate to the weight loss measurements, and Tables IV and V to the potentiostatic measurements to assess the corrosion rates (expressed in ⁇ -years).
  • the circuit was modified by the introduction into its straight section of a hollow steel probe, 240 mm in length and 28 mm in outside diameter, provided with an electric heating resistor adjustable to the using a rheostat.
  • the metal test pieces intended for weight loss measurements and the "CORRATER" probe are kept as for the "Heating" type tests.
  • the circuit is filled, then continuously supplied, with raw water from the city of Paris, having the characteristics indicated in Table I, and at a rate of approximately 20 I per hour leading to a renewal of the water in the circuit every hour on average.
  • the purge is adjusted continuously so as to keep the water level in the expansion tank constant.
  • the pasty inhibitor according to the compositions of the invention, is simply immersed in the expansion vessel using a cotton cloth sachet.
  • the temperature of the water kept in forced circulation by the centrifugal pump, and measured using a thermometer placed downstream of the heated probe, stabilizes at 50 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C.
  • the duration of each test is 15 days without and with the inhibitors of Examples 1 to 6 above.
  • the same measurements as for the "Heating" type tests are carried out, with the difference, however, that at the end of the tests the cylindrical samples in steel, copper and aluminum, as well as the heated steel probe, are washed , before brushing, using a dilute solution of passivated sulfamic acid, in order to eliminate any deposits of mineral salts which may come from the hardness of the raw water than the phosphonic acids, present in possibly insufficient quantities in the compositions according to the invention would not have prevented.
  • Tables VI to IX relate to weight loss measurements and Tables VIII and IX to potentiostatic measurements to assess the corrosion rates.
  • compositions according to the invention do not require an adjustment of the pH of the corrosive medium or the addition of specific inhibitors with respect to copper in particular. It is finally remarkable that at doses of the order of 5 parts per million, the compositions according to the invention manifesting a corrosion inhibiting power very much greater than the inhibiting powers of each of their constituents taken separately, at doses substantially more high.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)

Claims (14)

1. Eine korrosionshemmende Zusammensetzung, die wenigstens ein Polyamin und wenigstens ein Derivat der alkylenphosphonischen Säure enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine in Wasser nicht lösliche Verbindung umfasst, die enthält
a) wenigstens ein Polyamin, das ein Molekulargewicht höher oder gleich 320 hat und der allgemeinen Formel
Figure imgb0035
entspricht,
in welcher R ein kohlenwasserstoffhaltiges, aliphatisches, innerhalb C12-C22 gesättigtes oder ungesättigtes Radikal darstellt; und n1 eine ungeteilte Zahl zwischen 1 und 7, einschliesslich, wobei R und n, derart sind, dass das Molekulargewicht des genannten Polyamin höher oder gleich 320 ist; und
b) wenigstens ein Derivat der alkylenphosphonischen Säure, ausgewählt aus einem Komplex, der von Derivaten der aminoalkylenphosphonischen Säure und von Derivaten der alkylenpolyphosphonischen Säure gebildet wird.
2. Ein Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Derivat der aminoalkylenphosphonischen Säure aus einem Komplex ausgewählt wird, der gebildet wird durch
(i) die Säuren der Formel
Figure imgb0036
in welcher Alk eine Alkylengruppe innerhalb C1-C6 an einer linearen oder verzweigten Kohlenwasserstoffkette darstellt; und
(ii) ihre Alkylester innerhalb C,-C4.
3. Eine Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Derivat der aminoalkylenphosphonischen Säure aus einem Komplex ausgewählt wird, der gebildet wird durch
(i) die Säuren der Formel
Figure imgb0037
in welcher n2 eine ungeteilte Zahl zwischen 1 und 6 ist, einschliesslich; und
(ii) ihre Alkylester innerhalb C1-C4.
4. Eine Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Derivat der aminoalkylenphosphonischen Säure aus einem Komplex ausgewählt wird, der gebildet wird durch
(i) die (di-hydroxyäthyl)-aminomethylphosphonischen Säure der Formel
Figure imgb0038
und
(ii) ihre Alkylester innerhalb C1-C4.
5. Eine Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Derivat der aminoalkylenphosphonischen Säure aus einem Komplex ausgewählt wird, der gebildet wird durch
(i) die Säuren der Formel
Figure imgb0039
in welcher Z1 H oder eine Alkylgruppe innerhalb C1-C5 ist; Z2 ist eine Alkylengruppe innerhalb C2-C5; Z3 ist eine Alkylengruppe innerhalb C3-C5; n3 ist eine ungeteilte Zahl zwischen 1 und 20, einschliesslich, und n4 ist eine ungeteilte Zahl zwischen 1 und 4; und
(ii) ihre Alkylester innerhalb C1-C4.
6. Eine hemmende Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Derivat der alkylenpolyphosphonischen Säure eine Verbindung ist, die aus einem Komplex ausgewählt wird, welcher durch die alkylen polyphosphonischen Säuren gebildet wird, die wenigstens zwei Funktionen P03H2 enthalten, ihre Ester und ihre Salze.
7. Eine hemmende Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Derivat der alkylenpolyphosphonischen Säure der allgemeinen Formel
Figure imgb0040
entspricht,
in welcher A eine zweiwertige Alkylengruppe darstellt, die eine lineare und innerhalb von C1-C10 gesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffkette enthält, wobei jedes C-Atom dieser Kette unter Umständen durch wenigstens eine Gruppe substituiert werden kann, die unter den OH-Gruppen den Alkylgruppen innerhalb von C1-C4 und den phosphonischen Gruppen
Figure imgb0041
ausgewählt wird,
und M1, M2, M3, M4, Ms und M6, identisch oder unterschiedlich, jedes H, eine Alkylgruppe innerhalb von C1-C4, NH4 + oder eine Metallkation insbesondere Na+ und K+ darstellen.
8. Eine hemmende Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Derivat der alkylenpolyphosphonischen Säure eine Säure der Formel VI oder M1=M2=M3=M4=M5-M6=H ist.
9. Eine hemmende Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie enthält:
a) 5 bis 80 Gewichtsteile des Polyamin 1; und
b) 20 bis 95 Gewichtsteile des Derivats der alkylenphosphonischen Säure.
10. Eine hemmende Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie enthält:
a) 15 bis 70 Gewichtsteile des Polyamin I; und
b) 30 bis 85 Gewichtsteile des Derivats der alkylenphosphonischen Säure.
11. Eine Zusammensetzung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1, 9 und 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie sich in Wasser in Form einer Suspension oder Dispersion zeigt, die gegebenenfalls ein oberflächenaktives Mittel enthält.
12. Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer korrosionshemmenden Zusammensetzung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polyamin I in eine wasserhaltige Lösung eines Derivats der alkylenphosphonischen Säure eingeführt wird, so wie oben beschrieben, wobei die Temperatur dieses Derivats in wässeriger Lösung niedriger ist, als die Temperatur des Polyamin I.
13. Anwendung einer Zusammensetzung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 zur Korrosionsverhütung von Metalloberflächen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, das diese Metalloberflächen mit einer wässeriger Suspension oder Dispersion behandelt werden, die eine hemmende Zusammensetzung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 enthält und gegebenenfalls ein oberflächenaktives Mittel.
14. Anwendung nach Anspruch 13 zur Vorbeugung gegen die Korrosion durch Wasser, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die wässerige Suspension oder Dispersion, die eine hemmende Zusammensetzung nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 und gegebenenfalls ein oberflächenaktives Mittel enthält, in Wasserumläufe eingeführt wird.
EP79400727A 1978-10-13 1979-10-09 Korrosionsinhibitor-Zusammensetzung, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung zum Schutz von Metalloberflächen Expired EP0010485B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79400727T ATE1020T1 (de) 1978-10-13 1979-10-09 Korrosionsinhibitor-zusammensetzung, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung zum schutz von metalloberflaechen.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7829312A FR2453911A1 (fr) 1978-10-13 1978-10-13 Composition inhibitrice de corrosion, son procede de preparation et son application dans la protection des surfaces metalliques
FR7829312 1978-10-13
FR7916763A FR2460338A2 (fr) 1979-06-28 1979-06-28 Composition inhibitrice de corrosion, son procede de preparation et son application dans la protection des surfaces metalliques
FR7916763 1979-06-28

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US (1) US4276089A (de)
EP (1) EP0010485B1 (de)
BR (1) BR7906560A (de)
CA (1) CA1122394A (de)
DD (1) DD146629A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2962827D1 (de)
OA (1) OA06353A (de)

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WO2014134491A1 (en) 2013-03-01 2014-09-04 General Electric Company Compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion in gas turbine air compressors
RS66927B1 (sr) 2015-02-11 2025-07-31 Cytec Ind Inc Upotreba modifikovanih amina inhibitora kamenca u mokrom postupku za proizvodnju fosforne kiseline
HUE042965T2 (hu) 2016-06-22 2019-07-29 Kurita Water Ind Ltd Szerves aminok vizes olaj-a-vízben emulziói
JP6735717B2 (ja) * 2017-09-21 2020-08-19 栗田工業株式会社 蒸気による加熱効率向上方法及び抄紙方法

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CA1122394A (en) 1982-04-27
DD146629A5 (de) 1981-02-18
EP0010485A1 (de) 1980-04-30
BR7906560A (pt) 1980-06-24
US4276089A (en) 1981-06-30
OA06353A (fr) 1981-06-30
DE2962827D1 (en) 1982-07-01

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