EP0000580B1 - Procédé de préparation des matières plastiques inorganiques-organiques - Google Patents

Procédé de préparation des matières plastiques inorganiques-organiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000580B1
EP0000580B1 EP78100505A EP78100505A EP0000580B1 EP 0000580 B1 EP0000580 B1 EP 0000580B1 EP 78100505 A EP78100505 A EP 78100505A EP 78100505 A EP78100505 A EP 78100505A EP 0000580 B1 EP0000580 B1 EP 0000580B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
organic
inorganic
component
mixing
polyisocyanate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78100505A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0000580A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Joachim Dr. Scholl
Dieter Dr. Dieterich
Peter Dr. Markusch
Rainer Dr. Welte
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Bayer AG
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Bayer AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0000580A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000580A1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G83/00—Macromolecular compounds not provided for in groups C08G2/00 - C08G81/00
    • C08G83/001—Macromolecular compounds containing organic and inorganic sequences, e.g. organic polymers grafted onto silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08—Processes
    • C08G18/0804—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups
    • C08G18/0819—Manufacture of polymers containing ionic or ionogenic groups containing anionic or anionogenic groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/38—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen
    • C08G18/3893—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen containing silicon
    • C08G18/3895—Inorganic compounds, e.g. aqueous alkalimetalsilicate solutions; Organic derivatives thereof containing no direct silicon-carbon bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units

Definitions

  • Inorganic-organic plastics based on polyisocyanates and aqueous alkali silicate solutions are known; see e.g. DT-OS 1 770 384, 2 227 147, 2 359 606, 2 359 607, 2 359 608, 2 359 609, 2 359 610, 2 359 611, 2 359 612, DT-AS 2 325 090 and 2310559.
  • plastics can be produced which, due to the inorganic components, have above all improved fire resistance compared to purely organic substances and which, depending on the composition and reaction conditions, can be foamed or non-foamed, hard or soft, brittle or flexible. Due to the great variability of the properties, these inorganic-organic plastics offer a wide range of possible applications.
  • the plastics resulting from a W / O type dispersion are particularly interesting. They have high mechanical strengths, even when exposed to moisture, because the hardened, coherent organic phase envelops and thus fixes the likewise hardened aqueous, inorganic, incoherent phase.
  • the perfect coherent organic phase of these plastics also depends on the improved fire resistance of such systems due to the amount of water enclosed.
  • the invention is based, to avoid the disadvantages described above and to produce inorganic-organic plastics, even with high amounts of organic components, the task.
  • the process according to the invention can be carried out continuously or preferably batchwise.
  • the stable primary dispersion is first prepared from polyisocyanate, aqueous basic solution or suspension and, if appropriate, further additives, such as activators, emulsifiers and blowing agents, and then the organic compound (component c)) is added.
  • the primary dispersion is generated beforehand in a prechamber in accordance with the discontinuous mode of operation by means of a special mechanical arrangement; the mixing with the organic compound (component c)) takes place continuously in a downstream mixing head.
  • the discontinuous variant is recommended when using such organic compounds as component c) which, for example, spontaneously gel aqueous alkali silicate solutions.
  • component c) which, for example, spontaneously gel aqueous alkali silicate solutions.
  • component c) is then metered in.
  • Organic compounds according to component c) which do not gel or only very slowly gel aqueous alkali silicates can be used either by the continuous or by the batch process.
  • mixing of the individual components e.g. carried out in the order that first a spatially and temporally from components a) and b), optionally with the addition of all or part of component d), a dispersion is produced with the aid of a mixing unit and to this dispersion in a spatially and temporally then arranged mixing unit, component c), optionally with the addition of all or part of component d), is added.
  • Starting components (component a) to be used according to the invention are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic polyisocyanates, as described, for example, by W. Siefken in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 562, pages 75 to 136, for example those such as in DE-OS 2,647,482 pages 5-6 - are called.
  • distillation residues containing isocyanate groups obtained in the technical production of isocyanates optionally dissolved in one or more of the aforementioned polyisocyanates. It is also possible to use any mixtures of the aforementioned polyisocyanates.
  • polyisocyanates e.g. 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate as well as any mixtures of these isomers (“TDI”), polyphenyl-polymethylene polyisocyanates, such as those produced by aniline-formaldehyde condensation and subsequent phosgenation (“crude MDI”) and carbodiimide groups, Polyisocyanates containing urethane groups, allophanate groups, isocyanurate groups, urea groups or biuret groups (“modified polyisocyanates").
  • TDI polyisocyanates
  • polyphenyl-polymethylene polyisocyanates such as those produced by aniline-formaldehyde condensation and subsequent phosgenation
  • CAMDI aniline-formaldehyde condensation and subsequent phosgenation
  • carbodiimide groups Polyisocyanates containing urethane groups, allophanate groups, isocyanurate groups, urea groups or biuret groups
  • Polyisocyanates containing ionic groups are particularly preferred according to the invention, for example sulfonated polyisocyanates (DT-OS 2227111, 2359614, 2 359 615), polyisocyanates containing carboxylate groups (DT-OS 2 359 613). Also preferred according to the invention are nonionic-hydrophilic polyisocyanates as described in DT-OS 2 325 909, furthermore polyisocyanates containing polar groups according to DT-OS 2 359 608 and phenolic OH groups containing polyisocyanates as described in DT OS 2 359 616.
  • polyisocyanates are preferably made from polyphenyl-polymethylene polyisocyanates, such as those produced by aniline-formaldehyde condensation and subsequent phosgenation ('crude MDI'), and from the distillation residues obtainable therefrom by distillation of two-core products, which generally have a viscosity between 50 and 50000 P / 25 ° C, an NCO content of 28-33 weight percent and a functionality> 2.
  • basic components are furthermore aqueous basic solutions or suspensions with an inorganic solid content of 20-80% by weight, preferably 30-70% by weight, especially aqueous alkali silicate solutions or alkaline stabilized silica sols, but also liquid-flowable basic suspensions of finely divided fillers.
  • aqueous basic solutions or suspensions are often also used in combination.
  • Aqueous solutions of alkali silicates are to be understood as the solutions of sodium and / or potassium silicate in water which are usually referred to as “water glasses”. It can too raw technical solutions, which can additionally contain, for example, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, borates and aluminates, are used. Preferably, however, 32-54% by weight sodium silicate solutions are used, with a Na 2 O / SiO 2 molar ratio of 1: 1.6 to 1: 3.3.
  • Component c) is to be understood as meaning (preferably liquid at room temperature) organic compounds which, in addition to at least one isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atom, have at least one nonionic-hydrophilic group.
  • the nonionic-hydrophilic groups are primarily hydrophilic polyether groups.
  • Polyether groups which are composed of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide are preferred.
  • Suitable organic compounds which, in addition to a hydrogen atom which is reactive toward isocyanate, have at least one nonionic-hydrophilic group are, in particular, polyethers which are made up of alcohols with a functionality of 1-3 and ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and have terminal OH groups.
  • the hydrophilic center can also be introduced into the organic compound by incorporating a glycol such as tri- and tetraethylene glycol.
  • organic compounds having differently prepared polyether groups can also be used, provided that they contain - in addition to at least one reactive H atom - hydrophilic groups, e.g. monofunctional polyether based on monoalcohols and ethylene oxide.
  • the proportion of ethylene oxide in the polyether should preferably be at least 10% by weight.
  • Nonionic-hydrophilic compounds suitable according to the invention are furthermore polycarbonates based on ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol.
  • Formose can also be used here, as it is e.g. in DT-OS 2,639,084, 2,639,083, 2,714,084, 2,714,104, 2,721,186 and 2,721,093.
  • compounds are also suitable which have a hydrophilic polyester segment, e.g. Contain triethylene glycol or diethylene glycol and succinic acid or oxalic acid.
  • a hydrophilic polyester segment e.g. Contain triethylene glycol or diethylene glycol and succinic acid or oxalic acid.
  • Polyethers which are composed of amines with a functionality of 1-4 and ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and have terminal OH groups are also particularly suitable for the batch process.
  • volatile organic substances are optionally used as blowing agents, such as those e.g. in DE-OS 2 647 482, page 13.
  • a blowing effect can also be achieved by adding compounds which decompose at temperatures above room temperature with the elimination of gases, for example nitrogen, e.g. Azo compounds such as azoisobutyronitrile can be achieved.
  • the water contained in the aqueous basic solution or suspension can also take on the function of the blowing agent.
  • Fine metal powders e.g. Calcium, magnesium, aluminum or zinc serve as a blowing agent through the development of hydrogen with sufficient alkaline water glass, while at the same time exerting a hardening and strengthening effect.
  • catalysts are also often used, e.g. those as described in DE-OS 2 647 482 pages 13-15.
  • the catalysts are generally used in an amount between about 0.001 and 10% by weight, based on the amount of isocyanate.
  • surface-active additives emulsifiers and foam stabilizers
  • reaction retarders cell regulators of the type known per se
  • pigments, dyes, flame retardants, stabilizers against aging and weathering effects plasticizers
  • fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances and fillers cf. e.g. this DE-OS 2 647 482, pages 15-16.
  • surface-active additives and foam stabilizers to be used according to the invention, as well as cell regulators, reaction retarders, stabilizers, anti-inflammatory substances, plasticizers, dyes and fillers, as well as fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances, and details on the use and action of these additives are given in the Plastics Manual, Volume VII by Vieweg and Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff 1966, e.g. on pages 103 to 113.
  • the mixing of the reaction components is preferably carried out at room temperature.
  • dispersions are generally obtained which, with an increasing proportion of organic components and changing the W / O phase structure, undergo unstable dispersion states which, after hardening, can result in disturbances in the structure of the inorganic-organic plastic.
  • the process products find the application known for organic-inorganic plastics, e.g. as sound and heat insulation materials, as building material, as concrete and joint sealing compounds.
  • a 1 Sufficient diisocyanatodiphenylmethane is distilled off from the crude phosgenation product of an aniline / formaldehyde condensate so that the distillation residue at 25 ° C. has a viscosity of 400 cP. (2-core fraction: 45.1% by weight, 3-core fraction :, 22.3% by weight, proportion of higher-core polyisocyanates: 32.6% by weight) NCO content: 30-31% by weight .
  • a 2 A 1 sulfonated with gaseous sulfur trioxide (sulfur content: 0.96%, NCO content: 30.5%, viscosity at 25 ° C: 24000 cP, production see DT-OS 2 227 111).
  • a 3 Correspondingly A 1 sulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid (sulfur content: 0.9%, NCO content: 30.2% viscosity at 20 ° C: 2000 cP).
  • E 1 240 g of a chalk (specific weight: 2.7, 90% of the particles ⁇ 2 ⁇ , Omyalite 90 from Omya GmbH) were dissolved in 80 g of water and 5 g of a 30% aqueous solution of a high molecular weight di Potassium salt of a maleic acid-styrene copolymer with carboxylate and sulfonate groups suspended. Solids content: 75%.
  • Components II and III were premixed.
  • Component I was 10 sec. mixed to achieve the primary dispersion with a high-speed stirrer, the mixture component (II + III) was then within 5 seconds. added with stirring. After 20 seconds Total mixing time was that Poured reaction mixture into a paper packet, started after 30 sec. to foam up and was after 85 sec. stiffens.
  • a tough elastic inorganic-organic lightweight foam was obtained with a bulk density of 48 kg / m 3 and a compressive strength of 0.07 [MPa].
  • Example 1 A conventional, simultaneous mixing of the three components according to Example 1 leads to a foam which is not practical, with foam disorders and defoamed, wet floor zone.
  • Foaming was carried out according to Example 1. The foaming process continued after 28 seconds. on, after 75 sec. the reaction mixture had solidified.
  • Components II and III were mixed.
  • Component I was 10 sec. mixed to achieve the primary dispersion with a high-speed stirrer, the mixture component (II + III) was then within 5 seconds. added with stirring. After 20 seconds Total mixing time, the reaction mixture was poured into a paper packet, started after 37 seconds. to foam up and was frozen after 40 seconds.
  • a tough, elastic, inorganic-organic lightweight foam with a bulk density of 48 kg / m 3 and a compressive strength of 0.09 [MPa] was obtained.
  • Components II and III were premixed.
  • Component I was 10 sec. mixed to achieve the primary dispersion with a high-speed stirrer, the mixture component (II + 111) was then within 5 seconds. added with stirring. After 20 seconds Total mixing time, the reaction mixture was poured into a paper packet, started after 34 seconds. lather and was, after 90 sec. stiffens.
  • a tough-elastic inorganic-organic lightweight foam was obtained with a bulk density of 47 kg / m 3 and a compressive strength of 0.10 [MPa]. +) Unsaturated polyester resin from Bayer AG
  • a conventional, simultaneous mixing of all three components leads within 20 seconds. to an inhomogeneous, highly viscous, non-foamable reaction mixture.
  • Example 19 components I + II were premixed with a high-speed stirrer, component III was then within 5 seconds. added with stirring. After 30 seconds intensive mixing, the reaction mixture was poured into a wooden box mold of approx. 55 dm 3 , started after 48 sec. to foam up and was after 70 sec. stiffens. A hard inorganic-organic foam with a bulk density of 169 kg / m 3 and a compressive strength of 0.57 [MPa] was obtained.
  • a dispersion of water glass (50% solids content) and polyisocyanate A is prepared, which is then mixed with a mixture M of the following composition in a second stirrer:
  • the product flows are set to the following values: water glass 8000 g / min, polyisocyanate 8040 g / min., 4920 g / min. the mixture M. Both mixing units have stirrers in an approx. 300 ml mixing chamber at 3000 rpm. The promotion takes place via standard gear pumps.
  • a uniformly fine-cell foam with a bulk density of 14 kg / m 3 is obtained , which can be produced continuously without difficulty at heights of up to 80 cm and a width of 100 cm.
  • Example 24 With product streams of the same size as in Example 24, a dispersion of water glass and isocyanate is first produced in a mixing unit as in Example 24, which is fed to a static mixer and mixed with the mixture M there. An equally good foam is obtained as in Example 24.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Procédé pour la préparation de matièresplastiques inorganiques-organiques ayant une résistance, une élasticité, une température de déformation et une ininflammabilité élevées, consistant en un matériau composite polymère-gel d'acide polysilicique sous forme d'un xérosol colloïdal, par mélange de
a) un polyisocyanate organique,
b) une solution aqueuse de silicate alcalin, un sol de silice stabilisé par un alcali ou une suspension basique liquide-fluide de charges en fines particules ayant une teneur en solide inorganique de 20-80% en poids,
c) un composé organique qui contient au moins un atome d'hydrogène réactif vis-à-vis des isocy.anates ainsi qu'au moins un groupe hydrophile non ionique, et
d) éventuellement des catalyseurs et d'autres additifs, et réaction du mélange ainsi obtenu, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue le mélange en transformant d'abord les composants a) et b), éventuellement avec addition de tout ou partie du composant d), en une dispersion primaire stable et on ajoute ensuite le composant c), éventuellement avec addition de la totalité ou d'une partie du composant d), avec formation d'une dispersion finale, la dispersion finale présentant à la température ambiante avant le début du durcissement un domaine de viscosité de 100-4000 cP et consistant en 10-50% en poids de phase aqueuse inorganique et 90―50% en poids de phase organique.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise comme silicate alcalin un silicate de sodium ayant un rapport molaire Na20 : Si02 dans l'intervalle 1:1,6 à 3,3.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise comme polyisocyanates organiques des produits de phosgénation de condensat aniline-formaldéhyde.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise comme polyisocyanate un polyisocyanate présentant des groupes ioniques.
5. Procédé selon la revendication 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le polyisocyanate à groupes ioniques est un polyisocyanate présentant des groupes acide sulfonique et/ou des groupes sulfonate.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise comme polyisocyanate un prépolymère à groupes isocyanate terminaux contenant des groupes hydrophile non ioniques.
EP78100505A 1977-08-02 1978-07-26 Procédé de préparation des matières plastiques inorganiques-organiques Expired EP0000580B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2734690 1977-08-02
DE19772734690 DE2734690A1 (de) 1977-08-02 1977-08-02 Verfahren zur herstellung anorganisch-organischer kunststoffe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000580A1 EP0000580A1 (fr) 1979-02-07
EP0000580B1 true EP0000580B1 (fr) 1980-09-17

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EP78100505A Expired EP0000580B1 (fr) 1977-08-02 1978-07-26 Procédé de préparation des matières plastiques inorganiques-organiques

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US (1) US4198487A (fr)
EP (1) EP0000580B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5821924B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE2734690A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1106860B (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2734691A1 (de) * 1977-08-02 1979-02-08 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur herstellung anorganisch-organischer kunststoffe
USRE31946E (en) * 1979-03-06 1985-07-16 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Process for consolidating and sealing off geological and artificially deposited rock and earth formations
DE2908746C2 (de) * 1979-03-06 1983-08-11 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zum Verfestigen und Abdichten von geologischen und geschütteten Gesteins- und Erdformationen
DE2965176D1 (en) * 1979-03-06 1983-05-19 Bergwerksverband Gmbh Process for consolidating and sealing geological and heaped rock and earth formations
DE3227580A1 (de) * 1982-07-23 1984-01-26 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Stabile wasserglasloesungen, verfahren zu deren herstellung und verwendung fuer organosilikatschaumstoffe sowie ein herstellungsverfahren hierfuer

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3826769A (en) * 1969-07-14 1974-07-30 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Self-emulsified polyurethanes prepared by direct sulfonation of isocyanate
US3975316A (en) * 1972-05-04 1976-08-17 Thiokol Corporation Curing liquid polyurethane prepolymers
DE2310559C3 (de) * 1973-03-02 1975-09-11 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Schaumbeton, ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung zur Herstellung von Bauelementen
US4097423A (en) * 1972-06-03 1978-06-27 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Inorganic-organic compositions
DE2325090C3 (de) * 1973-05-17 1980-11-06 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zur Herstellung von als kolloides Xerosol vorliegendem anorganischorganischem Polymer-Polykieselsäure-Verbundmaterial
US4057519A (en) * 1974-09-05 1977-11-08 H. H. Robertson Company Sodium silicate extended polyurethane foam
DE2512170C3 (de) * 1975-03-20 1981-06-11 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zur Herstellung von gegebenenfalls schaumförmigem, harten anorganisch-organischem Verbundmaterial
DE2524191C3 (de) * 1975-05-31 1980-04-03 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zur Herstellung bochgeffillter hydrophober Harnstoffgruppen enthaltender Leichtschaumstoffe

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Publication number Publication date
EP0000580A1 (fr) 1979-02-07
JPS5428399A (en) 1979-03-02
IT1106860B (it) 1985-11-18
US4198487A (en) 1980-04-15
IT7850515A0 (it) 1978-07-28
DE2734690A1 (de) 1979-02-08
DE2860168D1 (en) 1980-12-18
JPS5821924B2 (ja) 1983-05-04

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