EA015997B9 - СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МЕТАЛЛАЛЮМОФОСФАТНОГО (МеАФО) МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО СИТА - Google Patents
СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МЕТАЛЛАЛЮМОФОСФАТНОГО (МеАФО) МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО СИТАInfo
- Publication number
- EA015997B9 EA015997B9 EA200901233A EA200901233A EA015997B9 EA 015997 B9 EA015997 B9 EA 015997B9 EA 200901233 A EA200901233 A EA 200901233A EA 200901233 A EA200901233 A EA 200901233A EA 015997 B9 EA015997 B9 EA 015997B9
- Authority
- EA
- Eurasian Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- desirable
- meapo
- alo
- tia
- metalloaluminophosphate
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 8
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 title abstract 6
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 241000269350 Anura Species 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/82—Phosphates
- B01J29/84—Aluminophosphates containing other elements, e.g. metals, boron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/82—Phosphates
- B01J29/84—Aluminophosphates containing other elements, e.g. metals, boron
- B01J29/85—Silicoaluminophosphates [SAPO compounds]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B37/00—Compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties
- C01B37/06—Aluminophosphates containing other elements, e.g. metals, boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B37/00—Compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties
- C01B37/06—Aluminophosphates containing other elements, e.g. metals, boron
- C01B37/08—Silicoaluminophosphates [SAPO compounds], e.g. CoSAPO
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/26—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only halogen atoms as hetero-atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from compounds containing hetero-atoms other than or in addition to oxygen or halogen
- C07C1/321—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from compounds containing hetero-atoms other than or in addition to oxygen or halogen the hetero-atom being a non-metal atom
- C07C1/322—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from compounds containing hetero-atoms other than or in addition to oxygen or halogen the hetero-atom being a non-metal atom the hetero-atom being a sulfur atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/82—Phosphates
- C07C2529/84—Aluminophosphates containing other elements, e.g. metals, boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2529/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- C07C2529/82—Phosphates
- C07C2529/84—Aluminophosphates containing other elements, e.g. metals, boron
- C07C2529/85—Silicoaluminophosphates (SAPO compounds)
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/40—Ethylene production
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
Abstract
Настоящее изобретение относится к способу получения металлалюмофосфатного (МеАФО) молекулярного сита, включающему: а) образование реакционной смеси, содержащей влияющий на текстуру агент (ВТА), органический темплатный агент (ТЕМП), по меньшей мере один реакционноспособный неорганический источник МеО, нерастворимый в ВТА, реакционноспособные источники AlОи PO; б) кристаллизацию вышеуказанной реакционной смеси до образования кристаллов металлалюмофосфата; в) извлечение твердого продукта реакции; г) промывку указанного продукта водой для удаления ВТА и д) обжиг указанного продукта для удаления органического темплата. В обычном воплощении указанная реакционная смесь имеет следующий состав, выраженный в показателях молярных отношений оксидов: ТЕМП/AlО=0,3-5, более предпочтительно 0,5-2; MeO/AlО=0,005-2,0, более предпочтительно 0,022-0,8; РО/AlО=0,5-2, более предпочтительно 0,8-1,2; ВТА/AlО=3-30, более предпочтительно 6-20. В обычном воплощении металлалюмофосфатные (МеАФО) молекулярные сита, полученные вышеописанным способом, имеют слоистую морфологию кристаллов, имеющих эмпирический химический состав на безводной основе после синтеза и обжига, выраженный формулой HMeAlPO, где y+z+k=1, x≤y, значение у составляет от 0,0008 до 0,4 и более предпочтительно от 0,005 до 0,18; значение z составляет от 0,25 до 0,67 и более предпочтительно от 0,38 до 0,5525; значение k составляет от 0,2 до 0,67 и более предпочтительно от 0,36 до 0,54; причем указанное молекулярное сито имеет преимущественно пластинчатую морфологию кристаллов. В преимущественном воплощении МеАФО, полученные по способу согласно изобретению, по существу, имеют структуру СНА или AEI либо их смеси. Предпочтительно они, по существу, имеют структуру САФО 18 или САФО 34 либо их смеси. Настоящее изобретение также
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07300861A EP1970351A1 (en) | 2007-03-13 | 2007-03-13 | Method of preparing metalloaluminophosphate (Meapo) molecular sieve |
US93945607P | 2007-05-22 | 2007-05-22 | |
PCT/EP2008/052813 WO2008110528A1 (en) | 2007-03-13 | 2008-03-10 | Method for preparing metalloaluminophosphate (meapo) molecular sieve |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EA200901233A1 EA200901233A1 (ru) | 2010-04-30 |
EA015997B1 EA015997B1 (ru) | 2012-01-30 |
EA015997B9 true EA015997B9 (ru) | 2012-03-30 |
Family
ID=38312291
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EA200901233A EA015997B9 (ru) | 2007-03-13 | 2008-03-10 | СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МЕТАЛЛАЛЮМОФОСФАТНОГО (МеАФО) МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО СИТА |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100216629A1 (ru) |
EP (2) | EP1970351A1 (ru) |
CN (1) | CN101679054B (ru) |
EA (1) | EA015997B9 (ru) |
WO (1) | WO2008110528A1 (ru) |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2338865A1 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-29 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Process for removing oxygenated contaminants from an hydrocarbon stream |
EP2338864A1 (en) | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-29 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Process for removing oxygenated contaminants from an hydrocarbon stream |
EP2348004A1 (en) | 2010-01-25 | 2011-07-27 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Method for making a catalyst comprising a phosphorus modified zeolite to be used in a MTO or a dehydration process |
CN102476806A (zh) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-30 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种在低共熔混合物中合成超大微孔磷酸铝分子筛的方法 |
CN102001682B (zh) * | 2010-12-10 | 2012-09-05 | 黑龙江大学 | 一种微波加热合成杂原子取代MeAPO-31分子筛的方法 |
DE102010055730A1 (de) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-28 | Süd-Chemie AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Titano-(Silico)-Alumo-Phosphat |
US9352270B2 (en) | 2011-04-11 | 2016-05-31 | ADA-ES, Inc. | Fluidized bed and method and system for gas component capture |
AU2013317997B2 (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2016-04-07 | ADA-ES, Inc. | Method and system to reclaim functional sites on a sorbent contaminated by heat stable salts |
WO2015084817A1 (en) | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-11 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Mixed template synthesis of high silica cu-cha |
CN105828943B (zh) * | 2013-12-20 | 2019-03-08 | 科莱恩产品(德国)有限公司 | 用于使含氧化合物转化成烯烃的含磷催化剂 |
CN106809860B (zh) * | 2015-11-27 | 2019-03-19 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种ats型金属磷酸铝分子筛的离子热合成方法 |
GB2551871A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2018-01-03 | Johnson Matthey Plc | STA-18, A new member of the SFW family of molecular sieve zeotypes, methods of preparation and use |
GB2551622A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2017-12-27 | Johnson Matthey Plc | STA-19, A new member of the GME family of molecular sieve zeotypes, methods of preparation and use |
KR20190003615A (ko) * | 2016-04-28 | 2019-01-09 | 존슨 맛쎄이 퍼블릭 리미티드 컴파니 | 신규 분자체 프레임워크 유형인 sta-20, 제조 방법 및 용도 |
WO2017204993A1 (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2017-11-30 | Uop Llc | High charge density metallophosphate molecular sieves |
CN108602054B (zh) * | 2016-05-25 | 2021-09-24 | 环球油品公司 | 高电荷密度金属磷酸盐分子筛 |
CN108147427A (zh) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-06-12 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种cha型杂原子金属磷酸铝分子筛及预成型合成方法 |
CN108147422A (zh) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-06-12 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种cha型磷酸镁铝分子筛及预成型合成方法 |
KR20210135222A (ko) * | 2019-03-14 | 2021-11-12 | 존슨 맛쎄이 퍼블릭 리미티드 컴파니 | Cha-함유 분자체 jmz-1s 및 제조 방법 |
CN111097511B (zh) * | 2019-12-25 | 2023-02-28 | 山东江岳科技开发股份有限公司 | 一种sapo-34分子筛催化剂生产装置 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4677243A (en) * | 1982-10-04 | 1987-06-30 | Union Carbide Corporation | Production of light olefins from aliphatic hetero compounds |
WO2002070407A1 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-12 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. A Corporation Of State Of Delaware | Silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve |
US20040082825A1 (en) * | 2002-10-29 | 2004-04-29 | Brown Stephen H. | Use of molecular sieves for the conversion of oxygenates to olefins |
US20050090390A1 (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2005-04-28 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Process for the preparation of porous crystalline silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves |
US20060147364A1 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2006-07-06 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Process for synthesising porous crystalline aluminophosphate molecular sieves |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5160500A (en) * | 1985-10-21 | 1992-11-03 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Zeolite synthesis using an alcohol or like molecules |
US5300277A (en) * | 1990-01-25 | 1994-04-05 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Synthesis of mesoporous crystalline material |
US6953767B2 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2005-10-11 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve |
-
2007
- 2007-03-13 EP EP07300861A patent/EP1970351A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-03-10 CN CN2008800153349A patent/CN101679054B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-03-10 EA EA200901233A patent/EA015997B9/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-03-10 WO PCT/EP2008/052813 patent/WO2008110528A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-03-10 US US12/530,868 patent/US20100216629A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-03-10 EP EP08717560A patent/EP2121524A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4677243A (en) * | 1982-10-04 | 1987-06-30 | Union Carbide Corporation | Production of light olefins from aliphatic hetero compounds |
WO2002070407A1 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-12 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. A Corporation Of State Of Delaware | Silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve |
US20040082825A1 (en) * | 2002-10-29 | 2004-04-29 | Brown Stephen H. | Use of molecular sieves for the conversion of oxygenates to olefins |
US20050090390A1 (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2005-04-28 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Process for the preparation of porous crystalline silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves |
US20060147364A1 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2006-07-06 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Process for synthesising porous crystalline aluminophosphate molecular sieves |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
VENKATATHRI N.: "Synthesis and NMR characterization of SAPO-35 from non-aqueous systems using hexamethyleneimine template", MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN, ELSEVIER, KIDLINGTON, GB, vol. 40, no. 7, 12 July 2005 (2005-07-12), pages 1157-1165, XP004914396, ISSN: 0025-5408, Experimental section: Synthesis * |
WU X. ET AL.: "Effect of feed composition on methanol conversion to light olefins over SAPO-34", APPLIED CATALYSIS A: GENERAL, ELSEVIER SCIENCE. AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 218, no. 1-2, 25 September 2001 (2001-09-25), pages 241-250, XP004300335, ISSN: 0926-860X, page 244, 245 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EA200901233A1 (ru) | 2010-04-30 |
CN101679054B (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
EP2121524A1 (en) | 2009-11-25 |
WO2008110528A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
US20100216629A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
EP1970351A1 (en) | 2008-09-17 |
CN101679054A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
EA015997B1 (ru) | 2012-01-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EA015997B9 (ru) | СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МЕТАЛЛАЛЮМОФОСФАТНОГО (МеАФО) МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОГО СИТА | |
EA200901232A1 (ru) | Металлоалюмофосфатные молекулярные сита с многослойной кристаллической морфологией и их получение | |
TW200744950A (en) | Method of preparing a molecular sieve composition | |
US7148172B2 (en) | High silica chabazite, its synthesis and its use in the conversion of oxygenates to olefins | |
MY157590A (en) | Solvothermal synthesis process of SAPO molecular sieves and catalysts prepared thereby | |
MY151944A (en) | Process for preparing silicoaluminophosphate (sapo) molecular sieves, catalysts containing said sieves and catalytic dehydration processes using said catalysts | |
CN106794998B (zh) | 从mse骨架型分子筛中除去夹杂碱金属阳离子 | |
WO2007039851A3 (en) | Oligomerisation of olefinic compounds in the presence of an oligomerisation catalyst, and a catalyst activator including a halogenated organic group | |
CN105692647A (zh) | 一种ssz-13分子筛的制备方法 | |
WO2009016153A3 (en) | Phosphorus modified molecular sieves, their use in conversion of organics to olefins | |
CA2613052A1 (en) | Enhancement of molecular sieve performance | |
US20060292053A1 (en) | Process for manufacture of silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves | |
NO174341B (no) | Fremg. for fremst. av krystallinske mikroporoese SiAl-fosfater med kontr. Si-innh, krystallinske mikroporoese SiAl-fosfater med forbedret stabilitet mot deaktivering og en anv. av disseved fremstilling av olefiner fra metanol | |
US6685905B2 (en) | Silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieves | |
CN107915237B (zh) | 一种孪晶sapo-34分子筛及其合成方法和一种甲醇制烯烃的方法 | |
Zheng et al. | The tailored synthesis of nanosized SAPO-34 via time-controlled silicon release enabled by an organosilane precursor | |
Lin et al. | Tetraalkylammonium salt/alcohol mixtures as deep eutectic solvents for syntheses of high-silica zeolites | |
JP2018526315A (ja) | ゼオライトssz−98を調製するための方法 | |
TW200831454A (en) | Process for producing propylene | |
TW200930456A (en) | Catalyst composition and process for preparing linear alpha-olefins | |
CN104098109A (zh) | 一种球形zsm-5沸石分子筛及其制备和应用 | |
CN114572997B (zh) | 丝光沸石分子筛以及制备方法、应用 | |
WO2005082848A3 (en) | Method for preparing pyrrolidine oximes | |
Venkatathri et al. | Synthesis and characterization of TAPO-31 molecular sieves using tripropylamine template | |
Gopal et al. | Organotemplate-free hydrothermal synthesis of NaNKX-2 aluminophosphite basic catalyst |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
TH4A | Publication of the corrected specification to eurasian patent | ||
MM4A | Lapse of a eurasian patent due to non-payment of renewal fees within the time limit in the following designated state(s) |
Designated state(s): AM AZ BY KZ KG MD TJ TM |
|
MM4A | Lapse of a eurasian patent due to non-payment of renewal fees within the time limit in the following designated state(s) |
Designated state(s): RU |