DK2190950T3 - Fremgangsmåde og apparat til fremstilling af flydende biobrændstof fra fast biomasse - Google Patents

Fremgangsmåde og apparat til fremstilling af flydende biobrændstof fra fast biomasse Download PDF

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DK2190950T3
DK2190950T3 DK08775217.6T DK08775217T DK2190950T3 DK 2190950 T3 DK2190950 T3 DK 2190950T3 DK 08775217 T DK08775217 T DK 08775217T DK 2190950 T3 DK2190950 T3 DK 2190950T3
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Prior art keywords
synthesis gas
raw synthesis
raw
gas
solid biomass
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DK08775217.6T
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English (en)
Inventor
Pekka Knuuttila
Pekka Jokela
Petri Kukkonen
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Upm-Kymmene Oyj
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Priority claimed from FI20075557A external-priority patent/FI122786B/fi
Priority claimed from FI20085400A external-priority patent/FI20085400A0/fi
Application filed by Upm-Kymmene Oyj filed Critical Upm-Kymmene Oyj
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    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1618—Modification of synthesis gas composition, e.g. to meet some criteria
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1659—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to liquid hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1838—Autothermal gasification by injection of oxygen or steam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
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Claims (23)

  1. FREMGANGSMÅDE OG APPARAT TIL FREMSTILLING AF FLYDENDE BIOBRÆNDSTOF FRA FAST BIOMASSE
    1. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et flydende hydrokulstofholdigt produkt (1) såsom biobrændstof fra fast biomasse (2), kendetegnet ved fremgangsmåden omfattende: forgasning af fast biomasse (2) i en forgasser (6) omfattende en fluid bed reaktor til at fremstille rå syntesegas (3), forgasningen omfatter mindst delvis forbrænding af den faste biomasse; konditionering af den rå syntesegas (3) for at rense den rå syntesegas (3) til at opnå oprenset syntesegas (4) med et molforhold af hydrogen til carbonmonoxid mellem 2,5 til 1 og 0,5 til 1, fortrinsvis mellem 2,1 til 1 og 1,8 til 1, mere fortrinsvis ca. 2 til 1, hvor konditioneringen omfatter katalytisk behandling af den rå syntesegas (3) i en reformator (18) til at omdanne tjære og metan der er til stede i den rå syntesegas (3) til carbonmonoxid og hydrogen; og underkaste den oprensede syntesegas (4) foren Fischer-Tropsch-syntese i en Fischer-Tropsch-reaktor (5) for at fremstille flydende hydrokulstofholdigt produkt (1).
  2. 2. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved at oxygen (7) og damp (8) anvendes som fluidiseringsmedie i den fluidiserede bed reaktor.
  3. 3. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 2, kendetegnet ved anvendelse af yderligere restgas (9) fra Fischer-Tropsch-reaktoren (5) som forgasnings- og fluidiseringsmedium i den fluidiserede bed reaktor.
  4. 4. Fremgangsmaden ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene i til 3, kendetegnet ved anvendelse afen tragtbeholder "lock hopper" (10) til tilførsel af fast biomasse (2) til forgasseren (6).
  5. 5. Fremgangsmåden ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 1 til 4, kendetegnet ved tilførsel af den rå syntesegas (3) ind i en første partikelseparator (16) for at adskille partikler såsom aske, forkullet masse og bed-materiale fra den rå syntesegas (3).
  6. 6. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 5, kendetegnet ved tilførsel af den rå syntesegas (3) fra den første partikelseparator (16) til en anden partikelseparator (17) for at udføre et støvseparationstrin for at sænke støvindholdet af den rå syntesegas (3).
  7. 7. Fremgangsmåden ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 1 til 6, kendetegnet ved konditioneringen af den rå syntesegas (3) omfatter: at sænke temperaturen af den rå syntesegas (3) til ca. 250°C i en køler (19); et filtreringstrin til filtrering af den rå syntesegas (3) i et filter (20) for at fjerne partikler såsom aske, medtaget bed-materiale, og sod fra den rå syntesegas (3); underkaste den rå syntesegas (3) en vand-gas-skifte-reaktion i en vand-til-gas-skifte-reaktor (20) til justering af molforholdet af hydrogen og carbon-monoxid til mellem 2,5 til 1 og 0,5 til 1, fortrinsvis mellem 2,1 til 1 og 1,8 til 1, mere fortrinsvis ca. 2 til 1; et skrubbetrin til skrubning af den rå syntesegas (3) for at fjerne faststoffer og tjærekomponenter fra den rå syntesegas (3); og/eller et ultrafiltreringstrin til fjernelse af svovlkomponenter, CO2 (carbondioxid), FI2O (vand), HCN (hydrogencyanid), CH3CI (methylchlorid), carbonyler, Cl (chlorid) og NOx (nitrogenoxide) fra den rå syntesegas (3). o. i-remgangsmaden ifølge krav 7, kendetegnet ved at uitraoprensmngstrinnet omfatter en fysisk rensningsproces i hvilken methanol eller dimethyl hver anvendes som et opløsningsmiddel ved et tryk på ca. 30 til 40 bar, såsom ca. 35 bar, og ved en temperatur på ca. -25°C til -60°C eller ultraoprensningstrinnet omfatter en kemisk rensningsproces i hvilken amin anvendes.
  8. 9. Fremgangsmåden ifølge krav 8, kendetegnet ved konditioneringen af den rå syntesegas (3) omfatter sænkning af temperaturen af den rå syntesegas (3) til ca. 250°C i en køler (19).
  9. 10. Fremgangsmåden ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 1 til 9, kendetegnet ved omfattende at lede den rå syntesegas (3) gennem mindst en beskyttelsesbed reaktor (25) omfattende zinkoxidkatalysatorer og aktivt kul til fjernelse af svovlarter fra den rå syntesegas (3).
  10. 11. Fremgangsmåden ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 1 til 10, kendetegnet ved under anvendelse af flere forgassere (6) til fremstilling af rå syntesegas (3), af hvilke mindst en er en forgasser (6) til fremstilling af rå syntesegas (3) fra fast biomasse (2), og mindst én er en forgasser (6a) til fremstilling af rå syntesegas (3a) fra flydende biomasse.
  11. 12. Apparat til fremstilling af flydende hydrokulstofholdigt produkt (1) såsom biobrændstof fra fast biomasse (2), kendetegnet ved at apparatet omfatter: en forgasser (6) omfattende en fluid bed reaktor til forgasning af fast biomasse (2) til at fremstille rå syntesegas (3), forgasningen omfatter mindst delvis forbrænding af den faste biomasse; organ til konditionering af den rå syntesegas (3) for at opnå oprenset syntesegas (4) med et molforhold af hydrogen til carbonmonoxid mellem 2,5 til 1 og 0,5 til 1, fortrinsvis mellem 2,1 til 1 og 1,8 til 1, mere fortrinsvis ca. 2 til 1, konditioneringsorganet omfatter en omformer (18) til katalytisk behandling af den rå syntesegas til at omdanne tjære og metan der er til stede i den rå syntesegas (3) til carbonmonoxid og hydrogen; og en Fisener-1 ropscn-reaktor (5) til at underkaste den oprensede syntesegas (4) for en Fischer-Tropsch-syntese for at fremstille flydende hydrokulstofholdigt produkt (1).
  12. 13. Apparatet ifølge krav 12, kendetegnet ved at forgasseren (6) omfatter organ til tilførsel af oxygen (7) og damp (8) til forgasseren (6) til anvendelse som fluidiseringsmedie i den fluidiserede bed reaktor.
  13. 14. Apparatet ifølge krav 13, kendetegnet ved at omfatte organ til tilførsel af restgas fra Fischer-Tropsch-reaktoren (5) til forgasseren (6) til anvendelse som fluidiseringsmedium i den fluidiserede bed reaktor.
  14. 15. Apparatet ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 12 til 14, kendetegnet ved omfattende en slusebeholder (10) til tilførsel af fast biomasse (2) til forgasseren.
  15. 16. Apparatet ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 12 til 15, kendetegnet ved at omfatte fast biomasse-forbehandlingsorgan (31) til tørring af den faste biomasse (2) til et fugtindhold under 20% og/eller til findeling af den faste biomasse (2) til råstof der er mindre end 50 mm i partikelstørrelse.
  16. 17. Apparatet ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 12 til 16, kendetegnet ved at omfatte en første partikelseparator (16) til adskillelse af partikler såsom aske, forkullet masse og bed-materialepartikler fra den rå syntesegas (3), og eventuelt omfattende en anden partikelseparator (17) til adskillelse af støv fra den rå syntesegas (3).
  17. 18. Apparatet ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 12 til 17, kendetegnet ved at omfatte en køler (19) for sænkning af temperaturen af den rå syntesegas (3) til ca. 250°C.
  18. 19. Apparatet ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 12 til 18, kendetegnet ved at omfatte et filter (20) til filtrering af aske, medtaget bed-materiale og/eller sod fra den rå syntesegas (3).
  19. 20. Apparater ifølge et hvilket som helst ar kravene lz til iy, kendetegnet vea at omfatte en vand-gas-skifte-reaktor (21) til justering af molforholdet af hydrogen og carbonmonoxid i den rå syntesegas (3) til mellem 2,5 til 1 og 0,5 til 1, fortrinsvis mellem 2,1 til 1 og 1,8 til 1, mere fortrinsvis ca. 2 til 1.
  20. 21. Apparatet ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 12 til 20, kendetegnet ved at omfatte en skrubber (22) til at fjerne faststoffer og tjærekomponenter fra den rå syntesegas (3).
  21. 22. Apparatet ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 12 til 21, kendetegnet ved at omfatte et ultraoprensningsorgan (23) til fjernelse af svovlkomponenter, CO2 (carbondioxid), H2O (vand), HCN (hydrogencyanid), CH3CI (methylchlorid), carbonyler, Cl (chlorid) og NOx (nitrogenoxid) fra den rå syntesegas (3), og eventuelt omfattende en kompressor (24) til at øge trykket af den rå syntesegas (3) til ca. 30 til 40 bar, såsom ca. 35 bar, før den rå syntesegas (3) ledes ind i ultraoprensningsorganet (23).
  22. 23. Apparatet ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 12 til 22, kendetegnet ved at omfatte en beskyttelses-bed-reaktor (25) til fjernelse af svovlarter.
  23. 24. Apparatet ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 12 til 23, kendetegnet ved at omfatte flere forgassere (6) til fremstilling af rå syntesegas (3), af hvilke mindst en er en forgasser (6) til fremstilling af rå syntesegas (3) fra fast biomasse (2), og mindst én er en forgasser (6a) til fremstilling af rå syntesegas (3a) fra flydende biomasse.
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