DK158578B - Fibrerbare glasarter - Google Patents
Fibrerbare glasarter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK158578B DK158578B DK522879A DK522879A DK158578B DK 158578 B DK158578 B DK 158578B DK 522879 A DK522879 A DK 522879A DK 522879 A DK522879 A DK 522879A DK 158578 B DK158578 B DK 158578B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- cao
- mgo
- mno
- weight percent
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/04—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor
- C03B37/047—Selection of materials for the spinner cups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/04—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by using centrifugal force, e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor
- C03B37/045—Construction of the spinner cups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/053—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 30% but less than 40%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Description
i
DK 158578B
Opfindelsen angår fibrerbare glasarter, specielt til brug i et centrifugeapparat, der har vertikal akse, og hvori der indføres en strøm af glas, der, når centri-fugeapparatet roterer, rettes mod inderfladen på centri-5 fugelegemets omkredsvæg, hvori der er tilvejebragt et stort antal huller, således at glasset slynges ud og ved udgangen fra disse huller danner glasstråler.
I de sædvanlige anlæg af denne art anvender man sædvanligvis blødt glas, dvs. glasarter af særlig beskaf-10 fenhed til opnåelse af sådanne temperatur- og viskositetsværdier, at glasset frit kan passere gennem hullerne i centrifugelegemet ved en temperatur, der ligger et godt stykke under den temperatur, som centrifugelegemets materiale kan tåle uden alt for stor korrosion og defor-15 mation.
Med henblik herpå tilsættes de anvende glasarter sædvanligvis ret store mængder af en eller flere forbindelser af baryum, bor eller fluor, der bevirker en nedsættelse af smeltetemperaturen, og devitrificeringstem-20 peraturen eller liquidus-temperaturen og af viskositeten og som derfor er effektive midler til, at man undgår at skulle bruge alt for høje glassmeltetemperaturer.
Imidlertid kræver brugen af blandinger, hvori der indgår ret store mængder bor, fluor eller baryum, at der 25 skal tages forholdsregler. Specielt for bor og fluor giver anlægget til produktion af smeltet glas flygtige bestanddele til gene for miljøet, og for ikke at forurene atmosfæren må man sørge for en speciel behandling af de gasarter, der udgår fra anlægget, for herved på passende 30 måde at fjerne disse bestanddele.
I de for tiden anvendte glasarter anvender man f. eks. ca. 3% baryumoxid, og/eller ca. 6% boroxid og/eller ca. 1,5% fluor, men de sædvanligvis anvendte bor- og fluorforbindelser er flygtige ved de temperaturer, der 35 anvendes til fremstilling af glasset, medens fluorforbindelserne er flygtige ved de temperaturer, der gælder for fiberdannelsesprocessen, hvorfor det er nødvendigt fra
.....DK 158578 B
V — 2 starten at anvende tilsætningsmængder under tilberedningen af blandingen. Brugen af ret store mængder af disse stoffer, som er ret kostbare, forøger prisen for de færdige fiberprodukter og de opnåede, relativt bløde glas-5 arter giver fibre, der ikke har hele den ønskede styrke ved de høje temperaturer.
Opfindelsen tager sigte på at afhjælpe disse ulemper.
Opfindelsen tager sigte på at forøge produktionska-10 paciteten hos et givet anlæg til fiberstrækning og giver mulighed for praktisk taget at eliminere visse forureningskilder og for at anvende relativt billige glassammensætninger til fremstilling af fibre, der har bedre styrke ved de høje temperaturer.
15 Med de fibre, der fremstilles med et konventionelt centrifugelegeme og ud fra de kendte glasarter, kan isolationsprodukterne kun bruges ved temperaturer, der ikke er meget højere end 400°C. Med de fibre, der fremstilles ud fra visse glasarter ifølge opfindelsen, kan den til-20 · svarende temperatur nå op til ca. 480°C.
Med hensyn til glassammensætningen - og eksempler herpå vil blive givet senere - er hensigten med opfindelsen at formulere sammensætningen således, at den ikke indeholder fluor·, og heller ikke, eller kun lidt, baryum 25 eller bor. Sådanne glasarter svarer til hårdt glas med højere smelte- og devitrificeringstemperatur.. Dette har til resultat, at- glas sammensætninger uden fluor , bor eller endog uden baryum, der hidtil ikke kunne bruges ved den kendte fibreringsteknik, nu kan bruges til fiber- 30 fremstilling.
Ved i overensstemmelse med opfindelsen i stedet for de konventionelle smeltemidler (B2OBaO, F) at anvende MnO i kombination med ferrioxyd ^62()3) opnår man det, at jernoxydet holdes i ferritilstand og herved gøres mere 35 transparent over for infrarøde stråler i smelteovnen, hvis virkningsgrad herved forbedres. Dertil kommer, at oxyder af jern og mangan ikke er forurenende.
DK 158578B
3
Desuden har disse hårde glasarter den fordel, at de har en større styrke ved høje temperaturer.
Opfindelsen angår således forbedrede fibrerbare glasarter, der er ejendommelige ved den sammensætning, 5 der fremgår af krav 1.
Diverse oplysninger om denne opfindelse findes i det følgende. Alle sammensætninger er angivet i vægtprocent og med forbehold for præcisionen i den foretagne analyse og for de ikke-doserede urenheder.
10 Tabel I angiver sammensætningen for syv forskellige glasarter med deres væsentlige egenskaber.
Eksempel 1 er et sammenligningseksempel.
TABEL· I ·
Sammen- 234567 sætning __________
Si02 66,90 63,15 62,70 61,60 63,45 62,10 60,30 A1203 3,35 5,05 5,15 5,90 5,25 5,85 6,35
Na20 14,70 13,20 15,20 13,80 14,95 14,55 14,95 I^O 1,0 2,10 2,30 2,45 2,25 2,70 2,65
CaO 7,95 5,90 5,50 5,95 5,40 5,75 6,25
MgO 0,30 2,65 3,35 2,60 4,00 2,75 2,40
BaO spor 2,90 2,70 3,20 spor spor spor;
MnO 0,035 2,00 1,50 3,05 3,00 3,40 2,90
Fe203 0,49 0,78 0,85 0,89 0,84 1,88 3,37 S03 0,26 0,55 0,52 0,45 0,51 0,40 0,36
Ti02 spor spor spor spor spor spor spor B2C>3 4,9 1,50 spor spor spor spor spor 99.885 99,78 99,77 99,8S 99,61 99,38 99,53 VISKOSITET T i °C for log η = 2 1345 1416 1403 1410 1402 1405 1395 log η = 2,5 1204 1271 1264 1270 1265 1266 1257 log η = 3 1095 1161 1156 1158 1160 1158 1150 log η = 3,71 975 1042 1038 1042 1 1045 1038 1030 » tabel I fortsættes side 4 - i 4
DK 158578 B
TABEL I fortsat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DEVITRIFI-
CERING
Liguidus °C 970 1020 1015 1015 1040 1020 1025 ifex.
hastighed 0,93 0,52 0,46 1,1 0,40 1,08 1,96
Ijm/mn
Ved tanp.°C 855 900 800 900 880 915 920
KEMISK
MODSTANDS
DYGTIGHED
(DOG) ^for mg L3,6 10,8 i 16,8 11 16,4 12,86 14,9 * i rest - mg i alkali- 4,6 3,6 5,9 3,6 5,6 4,8 4,9 nitet
De kemiske sammensætninger, der er angivet i denne tabel, er resultaterne af analyser af prøver, hvilke resultater angives som eksempler.
5
DK 158578 B
Manganglas ifølge opfindelsen er i det væsentlige af to foretrukne typer/ manganbaryumglas og manganjernglas, jf. tabel II
5 ‘ TABEL II
A B
Manganglas_
Bestanddele Baryuajglas Jernglas 10____
Si02 59 - 65 60 - 64 A1203 i 4 - 8 5 6,5
Na20 I 12,5 - 18 14,5 - 18 K20 0 - 3 0 -3 15 R20=Na20+K20 15 - 18 16 - 18 A1203/R20 0,25 - 0,40 (0,25 - 0,40]
CaO 4,5-8 5 - 9
MgO 0 - 4 0 - 4
MgO/CaO 0 “ 0,75 0 - 0,75 20 MgO+CaO 7 - 9,5 8 - 9,5
MnO 1 - 3,5 1,5 - 4
BaO 2 -3,5 spor
Fe203 0,1 - 1 0,8 - 3,5
MnO+BaO+Fe203 4 -8 3,5-6,5 25 B203 0 - 2 spor
Diverse ^ 1 ^1 I hvoraf SC>3 ζ 0,6 ^0,6
Inden for de angivne værdiområder foretrækker man 30 dog til fiberfremstilling at anvende glasarter, der er specielt udformede til opretholdelse af ligevægt mellem dels viskositeten, dels devitrificeringstemperaturen og den kemiske modstandsdygtighed overfor vand, hvilken ligevægt er yderst vanskelig at opnå med de hid-35 til kendte glasarter. Man foretrækker især de i krav 4-6 omhandlede glasarter.
DK 158578 B
6
Kolonnen A svarer til nye glasarter, der sædvanligvis også indeholder små mængder bor, og hvori der tilsættes små mængder baryum.
Kolonnen B svarer derimod til nye manganglas med 5 større indhold af jern svarende til glasarterne 5, 6 og 7 i tabel I, hvorfra er udelukket enhver tilsigtet tilsætning af baryum og bor, selv om man naturligvis accepterer, at der i hvert fald er spor af sidstnævnte elementer.
Efterfølgende tabel III angiver to sammenlignings-10 eksempler i relation til glassammensætningerne nr. 1 og nr. 2 i FR patentskrift nr. 1.355.739.
Den første søjle i hver gruppe (kendt, hhv. modificeret ved tilsætning af MnO) angiver den teoretiske sammensætning i henhold til nævnte patentskrift, søj-15 lerne A, hhv. C angiver de reelt anvendte sammensætninger i henhold til nævnte kendte glasarter, og søjlerne B, hhv. D angiver sammensætninger i henhold til en modificering, dvs. tilsat 2,5 vægtprocent MnO til erstatning for 2,5 vægtprocent SiC^.
20 En måling - efter Brookfield-metoden - af varia tionerne af viskositeten i afhængighed af temperaturen i temperaturområdet fra 900°C til 1400°C viser, at der for sammensætningerne B og D for den samme viskositetsværdi omkring 1100°C opnås en ca. 40°C lavere tempera-25 tur end for de fra nævnte patentskrift kendte sammensætninger.
En sådan temperaturforskel - for den samme viskosi-tetsværdi - betyder en nemmere fibrering, en forlængelse af centrifugerotorens levetid, udover de tidligere nævn-30 te fordele, der knytter sig til brugen af fluorfrie glasarter.
7
DK 158578 B
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Claims (20)
1. Fibrerbare glasarter, kendetegnet ved følgende beskaffenhed: Stoffer Vægtprocent
5 Si02 59 - 65 A1203 4 - 8 Na20 12,5 - 18 K20 0 3 R20=Na20+K20 15 - 18
10 A1203/R20 0,25 - 0,40 CaO 4,5- 9 MgO 0 4 MgO/CaO 0 - 0,75 MgO+CaO 7 - 9,5
15 MnO 1 4 BaO 0 5 Fe203 0,1- 5 Mn0+Ba0+Fe203 3,5 - 8 B2°3 0 - 2
20 Diverse < 1 hvoraf S03 < 0,6
2. Glasarter ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved følgende beskaffenhed: Stoffer Vægtprocent
25 Si02 59 - 65 A1203 4 8 Na20 12,5 - 18 K20 0 - 3 R20=Na20+K20 15 - 18
30 A1203/R20 0,25 - 0,40 CaO 4,5- 8 MgO 0-4 MgO/CaO 0 - 0,75 MgO+CaO 7 - 9,5
35 MnO 1 - 3,5 BaO 2 - 3,5 Fe203 0,1 1 DK 158578 B Stoffer Vægtprocent Mn0+Ba0+Fe203 4 - 8 B2°3 0 - 2 Diverse ^ 1 5 hvoraf SO^ ^ 0,6
3. Glasarter ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved følgende beskaffenhed: Stoffer Vægtprocent Si02 60 - 64 10 a12°3 5 ” 6,5 Na20 14,5 - 18 K20 0 3 R20=Na20+K20 16 - 18 A1203/R20 0,25 - 0,40
15 CaO 5 9 MgO 0 4 MgO/CaO 0 - 0,75 MgO+CaO 8 - 9,5 MnO 1,5 - 4
20 Fe2°3 °'8 “ 3'5 Mn0+Fe203 3,5 - 6,5 Diverse ^ 1 hvoraf S03 ^0,6
4. Glasarter ifølge krav 3, kendetegnet 25 ved følgende beskaffenhed i Stoffer Vægtprocent SiC>2 63,45 Al2C>2 5,25 Na20 14,95
30 K20 2,25 CaO 5,4 MgO 4 MnO 3 Fe203 0,84
35 S03 0,51
5. Glasarter ifølge krav 3, kendetegnet ved følgende beskaffenhed ϊ * DK 158578 B Stoffer Vægtprocent SiC>2 62,1 A1203 5,85 Na20 14,55
5 K20 2,7 CaO 5,75 MgO 2,75 MnO 3,4 Fe2°3 1,88
10 S03 0,4
6. Glasarter ifølge krav 3, kendetegnet ved følgende beskaffenhed ; Stoffer Vægtprocent SiC>2 60,3 15 a12°3 6,35 Na20 14,95 K20 2,65 CaO 6,25 MgO 2,4
20 MnO 2,9 Fe2°3 3,37 S03 0,36
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7834616 | 1978-12-08 | ||
FR7834616A FR2443436B1 (fr) | 1978-12-08 | 1978-12-08 | Procede de fibrage du verre, dispositif de mise en oeuvre et produits fibres |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK522879A DK522879A (da) | 1980-06-09 |
DK158578B true DK158578B (da) | 1990-06-11 |
DK158578C DK158578C (da) | 1990-11-05 |
Family
ID=9215851
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK522779A DK158383C (da) | 1978-12-08 | 1979-12-07 | Hul centrifugerotor til fibrering af termoplastisk materiale, navnlig glas |
DK522679A DK154496C (da) | 1978-12-08 | 1979-12-07 | Fremgangsmaade og apparat til fremstilling af fibre ud fra smeltet glas |
DK522879A DK158578C (da) | 1978-12-08 | 1979-12-07 | Fibrerbare glasarter |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK522779A DK158383C (da) | 1978-12-08 | 1979-12-07 | Hul centrifugerotor til fibrering af termoplastisk materiale, navnlig glas |
DK522679A DK154496C (da) | 1978-12-08 | 1979-12-07 | Fremgangsmaade og apparat til fremstilling af fibre ud fra smeltet glas |
Country Status (40)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (8) | US4203745A (da) |
JP (5) | JPS55113638A (da) |
AR (3) | AR219020A1 (da) |
AT (3) | AT377967B (da) |
AU (3) | AU536496B2 (da) |
BE (1) | BE880485A (da) |
BG (3) | BG41654A3 (da) |
BR (3) | BR7908003A (da) |
CA (7) | CA1129204A (da) |
CH (3) | CH643219A5 (da) |
CS (3) | CS235504B2 (da) |
DD (1) | DD147661A5 (da) |
DE (4) | DE2954306C2 (da) |
DK (3) | DK158383C (da) |
EG (1) | EG14575A (da) |
ES (3) | ES486686A0 (da) |
FI (3) | FI69447C (da) |
GB (3) | GB2041911B (da) |
GR (1) | GR70737B (da) |
HU (1) | HU178731B (da) |
IE (3) | IE49317B1 (da) |
IL (1) | IL58899A0 (da) |
IN (1) | IN152701B (da) |
IT (1) | IT1126486B (da) |
LU (1) | LU81962A1 (da) |
MA (1) | MA18668A1 (da) |
MX (3) | MX153436A (da) |
NL (3) | NL181102C (da) |
NO (4) | NO152334C (da) |
NZ (3) | NZ192342A (da) |
PH (5) | PH16113A (da) |
PL (1) | PL123563B1 (da) |
PT (1) | PT70557A (da) |
RO (1) | RO79268A (da) |
SE (5) | SE437371B (da) |
SU (1) | SU973015A3 (da) |
TR (3) | TR20552A (da) |
UA (1) | UA7158A1 (da) |
YU (2) | YU42494B (da) |
ZA (3) | ZA796666B (da) |
Families Citing this family (68)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2954306C2 (da) * | 1978-12-08 | 1987-10-29 | Spafi - Societe Anonyme De Participations Financieres Et Industrielles, Courbevoie, Fr | |
US4387180A (en) * | 1980-12-08 | 1983-06-07 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Glass compositions |
US4337073A (en) * | 1980-12-30 | 1982-06-29 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Rotary forehearth |
DE3272247D1 (en) * | 1981-04-08 | 1986-09-04 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Nickel alloys containing large amounts of chromium |
US4367083A (en) * | 1981-11-06 | 1983-01-04 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Nickel-base spinner alloy |
US4506009A (en) * | 1982-03-30 | 1985-03-19 | University Of California | Heterogeneous immunoassay method |
US4396722A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1983-08-02 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Wool glass composition |
US4759974A (en) * | 1982-04-06 | 1988-07-26 | Isover Saint-Gobain | Glass fiberization |
NZ203668A (en) * | 1982-04-06 | 1986-07-11 | Saint Gobain Isover | Producing attenuable fibres using centrifuge:peripheral speed of centrifuge at orifices is at least 50 metres/sec. |
FR2529878A1 (fr) * | 1982-07-12 | 1984-01-13 | Saint Gobain Isover | Perfectionnements aux techniques de formation de fibres comprenant une centrifugation |
US4451276A (en) * | 1982-08-18 | 1984-05-29 | Barthe Marie Pierre | Method and apparatus for glass fiberization |
US4756732A (en) * | 1982-04-06 | 1988-07-12 | Isover Saint-Gobain | Glass fiberization method |
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1979
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- 1979-04-06 US US06/027,617 patent/US4203745A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1982
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1983
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1985
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