DK150786B - Fremgangsmaade til dehydratisering af en kolloid dispersion af liposomer i et vandigt medium - Google Patents
Fremgangsmaade til dehydratisering af en kolloid dispersion af liposomer i et vandigt medium Download PDFInfo
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- DK150786B DK150786B DK345878AA DK345878A DK150786B DK 150786 B DK150786 B DK 150786B DK 345878A A DK345878A A DK 345878AA DK 345878 A DK345878 A DK 345878A DK 150786 B DK150786 B DK 150786B
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- liposomes
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- dehydratization
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/127—Liposomes
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Description
150786
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en fremgangsmåde til dehydratisering af en kolloid dispersion af liposomer i et vandigt medium, og fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen er ejendommelig ved det i krav l's kendetegnende 5 del anførte.
Det er velkendt, at man anvender betegnelsen "liposom" for visse mikroskopiske vesikler, der indeholder en væske, og hvis vægge er dannet ud fra lipider med den almene formel XY, hvor X er en polær, hydrophil gruppe, 10 og hvor Y er en ikke-polær, hydrophob gruppe.
Følgende grupper kan nævnes som eksempler på polære grupper X: phosphato, carboxy, sulfato, amino, hydroxy og cholin. Eksempler på non-polære grupper Y er: mættede eller umættede carbonhydrider, som eventuelt kan være 15 substitueret med en cycloalkylgruppe.
Det er også kendt, at liposomer er meget fordelagtige til indkapsling af biologisk aktive stoffer. I dette tilfælde kan de med fordel tildannes ud fra f.eks. phos-pholider, såsom lecithin, phosphatidyl-ethanolamin, 20 phosphatidylserin eller phosphatidinsyre.
På grund af, at dispers-ionerne af liposomer har en ret kort og ubestemt lagerstabilitet, er det imidlertid sædvanligvis nødvendigt at udnytte dem i løbet af de første måneder efter fremstillingen for at undgå uønskede 25 forandringer i tidens løb.
På trods af de mange potentielt interessante anvendelser af liposomerne har deres anvendelse således været begrænset af den relativt korte levetid.
Det er derfor ønskeligt at forøge opbevaringsperioden 30 af liposomerne og således udvide deres mange anvendelses- 2 150786 muligheder på indkapslingsområdet. På grund af den relativt ustabile struktur af liposomerne er en sådan konservering imidlertid forbundet med løsningen af vigtige praktiske problemer.
5 Det er opfindelsens formål at tilvejebringe en betydelig forlængelse af liposomernes konserveringsperiode og at bibeholde liposomerne i en stabil tilstand, i hvilken de effektivt kan anvendes på et senere tidspunkt.
Fortrinsvis gennemføres dehydratiseringen ved lyophili-10 sering (frysetørring), der består i at udsætte blandingen for frysning efterfulgt af fordampning under reduceret tryk. Det vandige medium kan således separeres fra lipo-som-vesiklerne ved at gå direkte fra det faste stof til den gasformige tilstand, idet liposomerne derved 15 ikke udsættes for nogen grov behandling, således at eventuelle beskadigelser undgås.
Det således fremkomne liposompulver er meget stabilt under opbevaring ved stuetemperatur og under fugtigheds-beskyttelse i en lukket beholder, f.eks. i en vakuum-20 forseglet pakning. Dette pulver kan opbevares i et langt tidsrum og derpå genanvendes ved gendispergering i et passende vandigt medium for at rekonstituere en dispersion af liposomer.
Nu er dehydratiseringsoperationen i sig selv ikke til-25 strækkelig til en praktisk gennemførelse af fremgangsmå den ifølge opfindelsen, og den indledende blanding med en hydrophil forbindelse er en absolut nødvendighed.
Det har vist sig ved forsøg, at den simple dehydratise-ring ved lyophilisering af dispersionen af liposomer 30 resulterer i dannelsen af en olieagtig, klæbrig remanens, der er praktisk talt uopløselig i vand på et senere tidspunkt, og som således er uanvendelig til rekonsti- 150786 3 tuering af en dispersion af liposomer, der er anvendelig til sædvanlige formål. Som følge deraf sættes man ved hjælp af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen ikke blot i stand til at foretage en forlænget opbevaring af lipo-5 somerne, men det sikres samtidigt, at disse foreligger i en form, der er velegnet til genvinding og yderligere anvendelse.
Den hydrophile forbindelse, der anvendes til udøvelse af fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen, kan med fordel 10 udvælges blandt forskellige højmolekylære forbindelser.
F.eks. har man opnået mange tilfredsstillende resultater med forskellige hydrophile polymerer, såsom dextran, oksealbumin, polyvinylalkohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidon og gummi arabicum. Lavmolekylære forbindelser, såsom 15 saccharose, kan også anvendes. Derfor er den hydrophile forbindelse faktisk et stabiliserende additiv, der beskytter liposomerne af det dehydratiserede produkt og holder dem i en tilstand, der er velegnet til yderligere anvendelse. Yderligere er det usandsynligt, at tilstedeværel-20 sen af en sådan hydrophil forbindelse i liposompulveret vil frembringe nogen særlig ulempe, især hvis man anvender naturlige polymerer, der er valgt blandt de i det foregående anførte. Når man således anvender dextran, kan man gøre brug af enhver form for påfølgende anvendel-25 se af liposompulveret ifølge opfindelsen.
I de tilfælde, hvor de således konserverede liposomer skal indsprøjtes i blodsystemet, vil man fortrinsvis anvende polyvinylpyrrolidon eller dextran som den hydrophile komponent. Hvis omvendt liposomerne skal admini-30 streres peroralt, er det muligt at anvende alle de hy drophile forbindelser, der er eksemplificeret i det foregående.
Mængden af den hydrophile forbindelse, der skal blandes 150786 ti med liposomdispersionen før dehydratisering, skal fortrinsvis være lig med mængden af det stof, der udgør liposom-væggene i dispersionen. Denne mængde af hydrophil forbindelse er dog ikke kritisk, og den kan varieres 5 indenfor brede grænser, når man anvender forskellige udførelsesformer for opfindelsen.
Opfindelsen illustreres nærmere ved de følgende eksempler .
EKSEMPEL 1 10 Man fremstillede en liposomdispersion i vand omfatten de 25 mg lecithin pr. ml dispersion. Den indkapslede opløsning var en vandig insulinopløsning med en koncentration på 100 mg/ml. Man satte dextran (Pharmacia T-70) (25 mg/ml) som stabiliseringsmiddel til 1iposom-disper-15 sionen, og der blandedes grundigt. Den flydende blanding blev indstillet på en temperatur på -30 °C i en time, hvorefter den var størknet, og derpå blev den udsat for et reduceret tryk på 0,1 torr, hvilket bevirkede, at isen sublimerede i løbet af få timer.
20 Det således fremkomne lyophiliserede pulver blev opbeva ret under vakuum i et vist tidsrum. Der blev med intervaller udtaget 100 mg prøver, den første umiddelbart efter lyophiliseringen, de andre efter opbevaringsperioder på 14 dage, 1 måned, 2 måneder, 6 måneder, 1 år 25 og 1,5 år. Disse prøver lod sig let dispergere i vand og tilvejebragte således rekonstituerede dispersioner af liposomer. Disse dispersioner blev udsat for ultrafiltrering for at bibeholde liposomerne og bestemme mængde af ikke beskadigede vesikler ved at titrere det 30 frie insulin i filtratet og subtrahere værdien fra disper sionens totale mængde insulin. Resultaterne, der er anført i den følgende tabel I, viser, at ca. 30¾ af 5 150786 liposomerne blev ødelagt initialt under lyophiliseringen.
På den anden side undergik de ikke-beskadigede liposomer af det lyophiliserede pulver ikke nogen betydende nedbrydning, selv efter en opbevaringstid på 1,5 år.
5 TABEL I
Liposom-tilstand % ikke-beskadigede (opbevarinqstid) liposomer_
Initial dispersion 100 øjeblikkeligt efter dehydratisering 68,2 10 15 dage 71,5 1 måned 64,8 6 måneder 66,6 1 år 70,4 1,5 år 65,2 15 De observerede variationer (- 5%) omkring den gennem snitlige værdi ligger indenfor marginen af forsøgsfejl.
EKSEMPEL 2
Man gik frem som angivet i eksempel 1 med den forskel, at man erstattede dextran med en lige så stor vægtmængde 20 gummi arabicum som stabiliseringsmiddel. Efter dehydrati sering indeholdt det lyophiliserede pulver 71,5¾ af liposomerne af den oprindelige kolloide dispersion.
Efter to måneders opbevaring var denne værdi stadig 70,2?o, hvilket vil sige, at opbevaringsperioden ikke 25 havde frembragt nogen signifikant beskadigelse af lipo somerne .
Andre sammenlignende eksperimenter blev gennemført med hensyn til lagerstabiliteten af liposomerne ifølge opfindelsen og ifølge metoderne i henhold til eksempel 1 30 og 2, idet man som stabiliseringsmidler anvendte henholds- 150786 έ vis oksealbumin, gummi arabicum, dextran, polyvinylalkohol (PVA) og polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP). Vægtforholdet mellem stabiliseringsmiddel og lecithin i liposomerne var 1:1 i en serie af tilfælde og 4:1 i en anden serie 5 af tilfælde. Resultaterne af disse forsøg viste, at alle stabiliseringsmidler opførte sig omtrent på samme måde, og at en forøgelse af mængden deraf i forhold til liposomerne forbedrede konserveringsresultaterne.
F.eks. gik genvindingsniveauet i serien med forholdet 10 4:1 efter lyophilisering op til 76,2% ikke beskadigede liposomer (stabiliseringsmiddel: gummi arabicum).
Det fremgår af det ovenstående, at fremgangsmåden ifølge opfindelsen kan udøves relativt simpelt og hurtigt. Dehydratiseringen ved frysetørring, som-den er beskre-15 vet i det foregående, er særlig fordelagtig, fordi det er en omhyggelig behandling, der kun frembringer et lille procentvist tab af de liposomer, der udsættes for behandlingen. Det er dog muligt at arbejde med andre dehydratiseringsmidler, f.eks. tørring i nærværelse 20 af luft ved moderat temperatur for at forhindre ødelæg gelse af liposomerne ved varmepåvirkning.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH961577A CH621479A5 (da) | 1977-08-05 | 1977-08-05 | |
CH961577 | 1977-08-05 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DK345878A DK345878A (da) | 1979-02-06 |
DK150786B true DK150786B (da) | 1987-06-22 |
DK150786C DK150786C (da) | 1988-01-25 |
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DK345878A DK150786C (da) | 1977-08-05 | 1978-08-04 | Fremgangsmaade til dehydratisering af en kolloid dispersion af liposomer i et vandigt medium |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4229360A (da) |
JP (1) | JPS5449317A (da) |
AU (1) | AU520915B2 (da) |
BE (1) | BE869551A (da) |
CA (1) | CA1114714A (da) |
CH (1) | CH621479A5 (da) |
DE (1) | DE2834308C2 (da) |
DK (1) | DK150786C (da) |
ES (1) | ES472372A1 (da) |
FR (1) | FR2399241A1 (da) |
GB (1) | GB2002319B (da) |
IE (1) | IE47165B1 (da) |
IL (1) | IL55276A0 (da) |
IT (1) | IT1097614B (da) |
LU (1) | LU80079A1 (da) |
NL (1) | NL191452C (da) |
SE (1) | SE432053B (da) |
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US2658020A (en) * | 1948-06-11 | 1953-11-03 | Gibone Trust | Method of preparing a hemostatic agent |
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US3549382A (en) * | 1968-05-15 | 1970-12-22 | Francis Frederick Hansen | Method of preparing powdered monoglyceride material |
FR2081586A2 (en) * | 1970-01-24 | 1971-12-10 | Orsymonde | Dehydrated pharmaceutical comps by - lyophilisation |
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JPS5126213A (ja) * | 1974-08-21 | 1976-03-04 | Tanabe Seiyaku Co | Johoseibiryushiseizaino seiho |
JPS5186117A (en) * | 1975-01-27 | 1976-07-28 | Tanabe Seiyaku Co | Johoseibiryushiseizainoseiho |
GB1575343A (en) * | 1977-05-10 | 1980-09-17 | Ici Ltd | Method for preparing liposome compositions containing biologically active compounds |
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1977
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1978
- 1978-08-03 FR FR7822984A patent/FR2399241A1/fr active Granted
- 1978-08-03 DE DE2834308A patent/DE2834308C2/de not_active Expired
- 1978-08-03 IL IL7855276A patent/IL55276A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-08-03 JP JP9418978A patent/JPS5449317A/ja active Granted
- 1978-08-04 BE BE78189729A patent/BE869551A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-08-04 DK DK345878A patent/DK150786C/da active
- 1978-08-04 ES ES472372A patent/ES472372A1/es not_active Expired
- 1978-08-04 AU AU38665/78A patent/AU520915B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-08-04 IE IE1600/78A patent/IE47165B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-08-04 GB GB7832280A patent/GB2002319B/en not_active Expired
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- 1978-08-04 SE SE7808395A patent/SE432053B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1978-08-04 CA CA308,795A patent/CA1114714A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
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AU520915B2 (en) | 1982-03-04 |
IE47165B1 (en) | 1984-01-11 |
GB2002319A (en) | 1979-02-21 |
DE2834308C2 (de) | 1986-09-25 |
DK150786C (da) | 1988-01-25 |
NL191452C (nl) | 1995-07-18 |
AU3866578A (en) | 1980-02-07 |
LU80079A1 (fr) | 1979-05-15 |
SE432053B (sv) | 1984-03-19 |
ES472372A1 (es) | 1979-03-16 |
FR2399241B1 (da) | 1983-02-18 |
FR2399241A1 (fr) | 1979-03-02 |
CA1114714A (en) | 1981-12-22 |
DE2834308A1 (de) | 1979-02-15 |
US4229360A (en) | 1980-10-21 |
NL7808204A (nl) | 1979-02-07 |
NL191452B (nl) | 1995-03-16 |
DK345878A (da) | 1979-02-06 |
SE7808395L (sv) | 1979-02-06 |
JPS5449317A (en) | 1979-04-18 |
IT7826509A0 (it) | 1978-08-04 |
GB2002319B (en) | 1982-02-24 |
JPS6121449B2 (da) | 1986-05-27 |
CH621479A5 (da) | 1981-02-13 |
US4229360B1 (da) | 1991-11-05 |
IE781600L (en) | 1979-02-07 |
IT1097614B (it) | 1985-08-31 |
BE869551A (fr) | 1979-02-05 |
IL55276A0 (en) | 1978-10-31 |
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