DE69714185T2 - Schmiermittel zum Gebrauch bei Warmwerkzeugen - Google Patents
Schmiermittel zum Gebrauch bei WarmwerkzeugenInfo
- Publication number
- DE69714185T2 DE69714185T2 DE69714185T DE69714185T DE69714185T2 DE 69714185 T2 DE69714185 T2 DE 69714185T2 DE 69714185 T DE69714185 T DE 69714185T DE 69714185 T DE69714185 T DE 69714185T DE 69714185 T2 DE69714185 T2 DE 69714185T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- lubricants
- hot tools
- tools
- hot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0239—Lubricating
- B21B45/0242—Lubricants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/10—Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/14—Water
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/26—Compounds containing silicon or boron, e.g. silica, sand
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M139/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00
- C10M139/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M127/00 - C10M137/00 having a silicon-to-carbon bond, e.g. silanes
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/40—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B19/00—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work
- B21B19/02—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work the axes of the rollers being arranged essentially diagonally to the axis of the work, e.g. "cross" tube-rolling ; Diescher mills, Stiefel disc piercers or Stiefel rotary piercers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0239—Lubricating
- B21B45/0245—Lubricating devices
- B21B45/0248—Lubricating devices using liquid lubricants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
- B21B2045/026—Lubricating devices using liquid lubricants, e.g. for sections, for tubes for tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0239—Lubricating
- B21B45/0245—Lubricating devices
- B21B45/0248—Lubricating devices using liquid lubricants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
- B21B45/0257—Lubricating devices using liquid lubricants, e.g. for sections, for tubes for wire, rods, rounds, bars
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
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- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0239—Lubricating
- B21B45/0245—Lubricating devices
- B21B45/0263—Lubricating devices using solid lubricants
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- C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
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- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
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- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
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- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
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- C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
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- C10M2201/102—Silicates
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- C10M2201/105—Silica
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- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
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- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/243—Cold working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
- C10N2050/02—Dispersions of solid lubricants dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8303533A JPH10130687A (ja) | 1996-10-30 | 1996-10-30 | 熱間加工用潤滑剤組成物 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE69714185D1 DE69714185D1 (de) | 2002-08-29 |
DE69714185T2 true DE69714185T2 (de) | 2002-11-14 |
Family
ID=17922141
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69714185T Expired - Fee Related DE69714185T2 (de) | 1996-10-30 | 1997-04-23 | Schmiermittel zum Gebrauch bei Warmwerkzeugen |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5859124A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0839895B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH10130687A (de) |
KR (1) | KR100256279B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1070528C (de) |
AR (1) | AR006827A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69714185T2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
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DE102011001140A1 (de) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-09-13 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Stahlflachprodukt, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Stahlflachprodukts und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils |
DE102018212381A1 (de) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-30 | Innovent E.V. | Gleitschleifcompound, Verfahren zur Funktionalisierung und Verwendung desselben |
Families Citing this family (32)
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JPH10130687A (ja) * | 1996-10-30 | 1998-05-19 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 熱間加工用潤滑剤組成物 |
WO1999021944A1 (fr) * | 1997-10-24 | 1999-05-06 | Sadao Futahashi | Eau et composition pour le travail des metaux |
JPH11349979A (ja) * | 1998-01-09 | 1999-12-21 | Nof Corp | 水性切削液、水性切削剤及びそれを用いる硬脆材料の切断方法 |
DE19903974A1 (de) * | 1999-01-26 | 2000-07-27 | Sms Demag Ag | 2-Walzen-Schrägwalzwerk und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hohlblöcken aus hochlegierten Stählen |
EP1305381A4 (de) * | 2000-07-28 | 2007-07-18 | Corning Inc | Hochleistungs-schneidöle für glasige, kristalline oder aggregierte werkstoffe |
FR2837218B1 (fr) * | 2002-03-18 | 2005-02-18 | Dacral Sa | Composition de revetement de substrat metallique |
CN100575468C (zh) * | 2003-09-04 | 2009-12-30 | 住友金属工业株式会社 | 无缝钢管加工润滑剂组合物 |
CN1898037B (zh) * | 2003-12-24 | 2010-05-26 | 住友金属工业株式会社 | 润滑剂供给系统、无缝管的制造装置及无缝管的制造方法 |
DE602005011447D1 (de) * | 2004-06-18 | 2009-01-15 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Verfahren zur herstellung eines nahtlosen stahlrohrs |
DE102004049413A1 (de) * | 2004-10-08 | 2006-04-13 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur Beschichtung von metallischen Oberflächen |
BRPI0518044B1 (pt) | 2004-11-22 | 2015-07-21 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp | Composição de lubrificante em pó para trabalhar a quente e método para fabricar tubos sem emenda |
JP4597695B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-09 | 2010-12-15 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 二液型熱間塑性加工用焼付防止剤、およびそれを用いた継目無管の製造方法 |
US8999900B2 (en) | 2005-02-09 | 2015-04-07 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Two-component anti-seizure agent for hot metal working process, and method of manufacturing seamless pipe using thereof |
EP1892283B1 (de) * | 2005-03-31 | 2013-05-08 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Blockierungsinhibitor für die heisskunststoffbearbeitung von stahl |
JP5036136B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-21 | 2012-09-26 | 中部キレスト株式会社 | 金属加工用水性防錆潤滑剤およびこれを用いた金属材の加工法 |
JP5036137B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-21 | 2012-09-26 | 中部キレスト株式会社 | 水性防錆潤滑剤、並びにこれを用いた金属の加工法 |
US7674754B2 (en) * | 2005-12-01 | 2010-03-09 | Masco Corporation | Water-based metalworking fluid incorporating polymeric boron materials |
CN101400771A (zh) * | 2006-03-14 | 2009-04-01 | 住友金属工业株式会社 | 热塑性加工用润滑剂 |
US8082767B2 (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2011-12-27 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Lubricant for hot metal working and powder lubricant composition for hot metal working |
JP4910693B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-28 | 2012-04-04 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | マンドレルバーへの潤滑剤の塗布方法、マンドレルバーへの潤滑剤の膜厚管理方法および継目無鋼管の製造方法。 |
JP4458167B2 (ja) | 2008-01-11 | 2010-04-28 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 熱間塑性加工用潤滑剤を用いる継目無管製造における外面潤滑方法 |
JP5142232B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-22 | 2013-02-13 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 継目無鋼管の製造方法 |
JP5056990B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-10-24 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 高Cr−高Ni合金からなる継目無管用丸鋼片の製造方法、およびその丸鋼片を用いた継目無管の製造方法 |
DE102011090098A1 (de) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-07-04 | Sms Siemag Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Walzen von Walzgut sowie Verwendung eines Kühlschmierstoffes |
CN102676283B (zh) * | 2012-05-25 | 2013-12-04 | 衡阳市金化科技有限公司 | 一种磷酸盐高温润滑剂及其制备方法 |
JP6454487B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-20 | 2019-01-16 | 太陽化学株式会社 | 鉄含有粉末組成物 |
JP6156338B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-26 | 2017-07-05 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 継目無鋼管製造用工具潤滑材 |
JP6241472B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-01 | 2017-12-06 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 内面品質に優れた継目無鋼管の製造方法 |
CN106334713A (zh) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-01-18 | 天津钢管集团股份有限公司 | 钛合金无缝管的热轧润滑工艺方法 |
CN110982604B (zh) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-01-19 | 清华大学 | 水性石墨基高温粘结固体润滑剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN112658033B (zh) * | 2021-01-15 | 2023-02-10 | 北京天力创玻璃科技开发有限公司 | 金属热穿孔玻璃润滑剂及金属热穿孔方法 |
CN113755231A (zh) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-07 | 西北工业大学 | 一种热冲压用环保型润滑剂及制备使用方法 |
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US2846393A (en) * | 1955-11-17 | 1958-08-05 | Pure Oil Co | Heavy duty soluble oil composition |
US3843529A (en) * | 1972-08-10 | 1974-10-22 | Dow Corning | Metal working lubricant compositions |
US3873458A (en) * | 1973-05-18 | 1975-03-25 | United States Steel Corp | Resin-containing lubricant coatings |
US3933656A (en) * | 1973-07-10 | 1976-01-20 | Michael Ebert | Lubricating oil with fluorocarbon additive |
US3909424A (en) * | 1974-06-24 | 1975-09-30 | Dow Corning | Lubricant compositions |
US4027512A (en) * | 1976-05-04 | 1977-06-07 | The Dow Chemical Company | Lubricant-coolant emulsion additive for metal working operations |
US4148970A (en) * | 1977-12-30 | 1979-04-10 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Lubricating composition applied over primer coat |
US4128487A (en) * | 1978-01-09 | 1978-12-05 | Carpenter Technology Corporation | Stabilization of sodium/potassium silicate-containing coating bath |
US4202193A (en) * | 1978-10-03 | 1980-05-13 | National Steel Corporation | Apparatus for controlling the concentration and stability of an emulsion |
US4401579A (en) * | 1981-09-03 | 1983-08-30 | Acheson Industries, Inc. | Water-based metal forming lubricant composition and process |
US5273667A (en) * | 1991-09-12 | 1993-12-28 | Gill Colman A | Recovery and utilization of phosphate sludge |
JP2726588B2 (ja) * | 1991-11-21 | 1998-03-11 | 川崎製鉄株式会社 | 継目無鋼管穿孔プラグの潤滑方法 |
JP2661490B2 (ja) * | 1992-11-09 | 1997-10-08 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 継目無管製造における外面潤滑方法 |
CA2104854A1 (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-02-14 | Edward A. Rodzewich | Metal surface treatments |
US5484541A (en) * | 1994-05-17 | 1996-01-16 | Century Chemical Corporation | Process and product for lubricating metal prior to cold forming |
ZA963198B (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1996-10-25 | Timcal Ltd | Lubricant composition for use on workpieces in the hot forming of metals |
CN1039821C (zh) * | 1996-04-11 | 1998-09-16 | 株洲电力机车工厂 | 多用途水基切削液 |
JPH10130687A (ja) * | 1996-10-30 | 1998-05-19 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 熱間加工用潤滑剤組成物 |
-
1996
- 1996-10-30 JP JP8303533A patent/JPH10130687A/ja active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-04-22 US US08/839,209 patent/US5859124A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-23 DE DE69714185T patent/DE69714185T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-23 EP EP97106742A patent/EP0839895B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-24 AR ARP970101674A patent/AR006827A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 1997-04-24 KR KR1019970015418A patent/KR100256279B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-24 CN CN97113497A patent/CN1070528C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-10-23 US US09/177,473 patent/US5983689A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011001140A1 (de) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-09-13 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Stahlflachprodukt, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Stahlflachprodukts und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils |
DE102011001140A9 (de) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-11-22 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Stahlflachprodukt, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Stahlflachprodukts und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils |
DE102018212381A1 (de) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-30 | Innovent E.V. | Gleitschleifcompound, Verfahren zur Funktionalisierung und Verwendung desselben |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0839895A3 (de) | 1998-11-25 |
DE69714185D1 (de) | 2002-08-29 |
MX9702959A (es) | 1998-06-30 |
EP0839895A2 (de) | 1998-05-06 |
AR006827A1 (es) | 1999-09-29 |
JPH10130687A (ja) | 1998-05-19 |
CN1181414A (zh) | 1998-05-13 |
US5859124A (en) | 1999-01-12 |
KR19980032086A (ko) | 1998-07-25 |
CN1070528C (zh) | 2001-09-05 |
US5983689A (en) | 1999-11-16 |
EP0839895B1 (de) | 2002-07-24 |
KR100256279B1 (ko) | 2000-05-15 |
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