DE69629115D1 - Geformter hydrierkatalysator, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und seiner verwendung - Google Patents
Geformter hydrierkatalysator, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und seiner verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- DE69629115D1 DE69629115D1 DE69629115T DE69629115T DE69629115D1 DE 69629115 D1 DE69629115 D1 DE 69629115D1 DE 69629115 T DE69629115 T DE 69629115T DE 69629115 T DE69629115 T DE 69629115T DE 69629115 D1 DE69629115 D1 DE 69629115D1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- shaped
- production
- paste
- iii
- hydration catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract 4
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/40—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
- C07D307/42—Singly bound oxygen atoms
- C07D307/44—Furfuryl alcohol
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/16—Clays or other mineral silicates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/02—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/72—Copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/31—Density
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B31/00—Reduction in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/30—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds
- C07C209/32—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups
- C07C209/36—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings in presence of hydrogen-containing gases and a catalyst
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/14—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group
- C07C29/141—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/143—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones
- C07C29/145—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of ketones with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/147—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
- C07C29/149—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US490874 | 1990-03-09 | ||
US08/490,874 US5977010A (en) | 1995-06-15 | 1995-06-15 | Shaped hydrogenation catalyst and processes for their preparation and use |
PCT/US1996/005232 WO1997000131A1 (en) | 1995-06-15 | 1996-04-15 | Shaped hydrogenation catalyst and processes for their preparation and use |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE69629115D1 true DE69629115D1 (de) | 2003-08-21 |
DE69629115T2 DE69629115T2 (de) | 2004-06-03 |
Family
ID=23949860
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69629115T Expired - Lifetime DE69629115T2 (de) | 1995-06-15 | 1996-04-15 | Geformter hydrierkatalysator, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und seiner verwendung |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5977010A (de) |
EP (2) | EP0831967B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4020430B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE245053T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2224270A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69629115T2 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0831967T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2202435T3 (de) |
IN (1) | IN188606B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997000131A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (96)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5977010A (en) * | 1995-06-15 | 1999-11-02 | Engelhard Corporation | Shaped hydrogenation catalyst and processes for their preparation and use |
GB9808802D0 (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 1998-06-24 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Pharmaceutical formulations |
US6576588B2 (en) * | 2000-04-07 | 2003-06-10 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Process for selective hydrogenation of alkynes and catalyst therefor |
EP1211234A3 (de) * | 2000-11-29 | 2003-11-26 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 1,3-Alkandiolen aus 3-Hydroxyestern |
DE10108842A1 (de) * | 2001-02-23 | 2002-10-02 | Degussa | Geformter Kupfer-Katalysator |
US6897175B2 (en) * | 2001-10-09 | 2005-05-24 | General Electric | Catalyst and method for the alkylation of hydroxyaromatic compounds |
US6580000B1 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2003-06-17 | Ak Research Company | Process for the manufacture of alkoxysilanes and alkoxy orthosilicates |
JP4032248B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-25 | 2008-01-16 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 自動車排ガス浄化用燃焼触媒 |
US7081432B2 (en) * | 2003-07-10 | 2006-07-25 | General Electric Company | Alkylation catalyst and method for making alkylated phenols |
US7087705B2 (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2006-08-08 | General Electric Company | Process for the monoalkylation of dihydroxy aromatic compounds |
US7208646B2 (en) * | 2004-05-14 | 2007-04-24 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Selective hydrogenation of butadiene |
DE102004033556A1 (de) * | 2004-07-09 | 2006-02-16 | Basf Ag | Katalysatorformkörper und Verfahren zur Hydrierung von Carbonylverbindungen |
US20060173224A1 (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2006-08-03 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Process and catalyst for selective hydrogenation of dienes and acetylenes |
WO2006101079A1 (ja) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-09-28 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | 脱硫剤及びこれを用いた脱硫方法 |
JP4661676B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-25 | 2011-03-30 | 堺化学工業株式会社 | 水素化触媒とその利用とその製造方法 |
US7964114B2 (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2011-06-21 | Sud-Chemie Inc. | Iron-based water gas shift catalyst |
US8241697B2 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2012-08-14 | Abbott Point Of Care Inc. | Formation of immobilized biological layers for sensing |
US8268604B2 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2012-09-18 | Abbott Point Of Care Inc. | Compositions for forming immobilized biological layers for sensing |
DE102008001319A1 (de) * | 2008-04-22 | 2009-10-29 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Katalysator zur Umsetzung von Carbonsäurenitrilen |
US8471075B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2013-06-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for making ethanol from acetic acid |
US8309772B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2012-11-13 | Celanese International Corporation | Tunable catalyst gas phase hydrogenation of carboxylic acids |
US8309773B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2012-11-13 | Calanese International Corporation | Process for recovering ethanol |
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US8637714B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2014-01-28 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for producing ethanol over catalysts containing platinum and palladium |
US8501652B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2013-08-06 | Celanese International Corporation | Catalysts for making ethanol from acetic acid |
US7863489B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2011-01-04 | Celanese International Corporation | Direct and selective production of ethanol from acetic acid utilizing a platinum/tin catalyst |
US7816565B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2010-10-19 | Celanese International Corporation | Direct and selective production of acetaldehyde from acetic acid utilizing a supported metal catalyst |
US8680317B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2014-03-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for making ethyl acetate from acetic acid |
US8338650B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2012-12-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Palladium catalysts for making ethanol from acetic acid |
US8178715B2 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2012-05-15 | Celanese International Corporation | Integrated process for the production of vinyl acetate from acetic acid via acetaldehyde |
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JP5747499B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-25 | 2015-07-15 | 東ソー株式会社 | 水素化触媒とその製造方法、およびその用途 |
CN102665900B (zh) | 2009-12-25 | 2015-03-04 | 东曹株式会社 | 氢化催化剂和其制造方法、以及其用途 |
JP5966244B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-25 | 2016-08-10 | 東ソー株式会社 | 水素化触媒とその製造方法、及びその用途 |
US8211821B2 (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2012-07-03 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for making tin-containing catalysts |
US8541633B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2013-09-24 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for producing anhydrous ethanol compositions |
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CN102413921B (zh) * | 2010-02-02 | 2016-05-18 | 国际人造丝公司 | 由乙醛生产乙醇的方法 |
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US9000234B2 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2015-04-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Calcination of modified support to prepare hydrogenation catalysts |
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US8455702B1 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2013-06-04 | Celanese International Corporation | Cobalt and tin catalysts for producing ethanol |
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BR112017020321B1 (pt) * | 2015-03-26 | 2021-01-26 | Basf Corporation | catalisador, método para fazer um catalisador, e, processo |
CN110871085B (zh) * | 2018-08-30 | 2022-11-29 | 淄博张店东方化学股份有限公司 | 一种糠醛催化加氢制备糠醇的负载型催化剂及其制备方法与应用 |
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-
1995
- 1995-06-15 US US08/490,874 patent/US5977010A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-04-15 DK DK96911778T patent/DK0831967T3/da active
- 1996-04-15 EP EP96911778A patent/EP0831967B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-15 EP EP03075070A patent/EP1300192A3/de not_active Ceased
- 1996-04-15 WO PCT/US1996/005232 patent/WO1997000131A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-04-15 DE DE69629115T patent/DE69629115T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-15 CA CA002224270A patent/CA2224270A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-04-15 ES ES96911778T patent/ES2202435T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-15 JP JP50303897A patent/JP4020430B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-04-15 AT AT96911778T patent/ATE245053T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-06-10 IN IN1069CA1996 patent/IN188606B/en unknown
-
1999
- 1999-07-06 US US09/347,748 patent/US6049008A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
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CA2224270A1 (en) | 1997-01-03 |
DE69629115T2 (de) | 2004-06-03 |
DK0831967T3 (da) | 2003-09-29 |
EP0831967B1 (de) | 2003-07-16 |
US5977010A (en) | 1999-11-02 |
WO1997000131A1 (en) | 1997-01-03 |
ES2202435T3 (es) | 2004-04-01 |
EP1300192A2 (de) | 2003-04-09 |
EP0831967A1 (de) | 1998-04-01 |
IN188606B (de) | 2002-10-19 |
JPH11507867A (ja) | 1999-07-13 |
EP1300192A3 (de) | 2006-10-11 |
JP4020430B2 (ja) | 2007-12-12 |
ATE245053T1 (de) | 2003-08-15 |
US6049008A (en) | 2000-04-11 |
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