DE69223214D1 - Metalldraht mit zwei Überzugsschichten für das Armieren von Gegenständen aus elastomerem Material sowie solche armierte Gegenstände - Google Patents

Metalldraht mit zwei Überzugsschichten für das Armieren von Gegenständen aus elastomerem Material sowie solche armierte Gegenstände

Info

Publication number
DE69223214D1
DE69223214D1 DE69223214T DE69223214T DE69223214D1 DE 69223214 D1 DE69223214 D1 DE 69223214D1 DE 69223214 T DE69223214 T DE 69223214T DE 69223214 T DE69223214 T DE 69223214T DE 69223214 D1 DE69223214 D1 DE 69223214D1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
objects
elastomeric material
metal wire
layers
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE69223214T
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE69223214T2 (de
Inventor
Ooij Wim J Van
Jayaramachandran Giridhar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pirelli and C SpA
Pirelli Tyre SpA
Original Assignee
Pirelli Coordinamento Pneumatici SpA
Pirelli SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pirelli Coordinamento Pneumatici SpA, Pirelli SpA filed Critical Pirelli Coordinamento Pneumatici SpA
Publication of DE69223214D1 publication Critical patent/DE69223214D1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE69223214T2 publication Critical patent/DE69223214T2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
    • C23C28/025—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only with at least one zinc-based layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/028—Including graded layers in composition or in physical properties, e.g. density, porosity, grain size
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
    • D07B1/0666—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the wires being characterised by an anti-corrosive or adhesion promoting coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0607—Wires
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2011—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising metals
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2013—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising multiple layers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3071—Zinc (Zn)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3085—Alloys, i.e. non ferrous
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2501/00—Application field
    • D07B2501/20—Application field related to ropes or cables
    • D07B2501/2046—Tire cords
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S57/00—Textiles: spinning, twisting, and twining
    • Y10S57/902—Reinforcing or tire cords
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12556—Organic component
    • Y10T428/12562—Elastomer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
    • Y10T428/12799—Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Tyre Moulding (AREA)
DE69223214T 1991-09-09 1992-09-08 Metalldraht mit zwei Überzugsschichten für das Armieren von Gegenständen aus elastomerem Material sowie solche armierte Gegenstände Expired - Fee Related DE69223214T2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI912376A IT1251401B (it) 1991-09-09 1991-09-09 Filo metallico con doppio strato di rivestimento per il rinforzo di articoli in materiali elastomerici e articoli in materiali elastomerici rinforzati con detto filo.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE69223214D1 true DE69223214D1 (de) 1998-01-02
DE69223214T2 DE69223214T2 (de) 1998-05-14

Family

ID=11360629

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE69223214T Expired - Fee Related DE69223214T2 (de) 1991-09-09 1992-09-08 Metalldraht mit zwei Überzugsschichten für das Armieren von Gegenständen aus elastomerem Material sowie solche armierte Gegenstände

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US5338620A (de)
EP (1) EP0536545B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3163178B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100264508B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1039138C (de)
AT (1) ATE160312T1 (de)
AU (1) AU661010B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9203578A (de)
CA (1) CA2077784C (de)
DE (1) DE69223214T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2112283T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1251401B (de)
RU (1) RU2074269C1 (de)
TR (1) TR26391A (de)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3635121B4 (de) * 1985-10-15 2004-03-04 Bridgestone Corp. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gummiartigen Verbundmaterials
IT1273334B (it) * 1994-02-24 1997-07-08 Pirelli Filo metallico trattato superficialmente per renderlo adatto all'impiego in elementi compositi in materiale elastomerico e procedimento per la sua realizzazione
FR2725730A1 (fr) * 1994-10-12 1996-04-19 Michelin & Cie Fil en acier inoxydable pour renforcer le sommet des enveloppes de pneumatiques
IT1277689B1 (it) 1995-12-21 1997-11-11 Pirelli Cordicella metallica di rinforzo da impiegarsi particolarmente in manufatti compositi a matrice elastomerica procedimento ed apparato
DE19615134C2 (de) * 1996-04-17 2003-04-17 Continental Ag Haftvermittlersubstanz zwischen vulkanisierbarem Polymer und metallischem Festigkeitsträger, Verfahren zu deren Aufbringung sowie deren Verwendung
EP0949356B1 (de) * 1998-03-27 2002-10-23 PIRELLI PNEUMATICI Società per Azioni Oberflächenbehandeltes Metallkomponent für die Verstärkung von Strukturen für Produkte aus vulkanisiertem elastomerem Material und daraus hergestellter Gegenstand
US6475640B1 (en) * 1998-10-28 2002-11-05 Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A. Coated metal wire wire-reinforced elastomeric article containing the same and method of manufacture
FR2864556B1 (fr) 2003-12-24 2006-02-24 Michelin Soc Tech Cable a couches pour armature de carcasse de pneumatique
US20060121302A1 (en) * 2004-12-07 2006-06-08 Erickson Gary C Wire-arc spraying of a zinc-nickel coating
EP2233611A1 (de) * 2009-03-24 2010-09-29 MTV Metallveredlung GmbH & Co. KG Schichtsystem mti verbesserter Korrosionsbeständigkeit
DE102014004657A1 (de) * 2014-03-29 2015-10-01 Daimler Ag Bauteil, insbesondere Strukturbauteil, für einen Kraftwagen, sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils
CN110722963A (zh) * 2019-10-28 2020-01-24 厦门银丰科技有限公司 一种汽车天窗用遮阳帘卷簧及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2296838A (en) * 1937-11-01 1942-09-29 Nat Standard Co Rubber adherent metal
NL7702643A (nl) * 1977-03-11 1978-09-13 Akzo Nv Voorwerp bekleed met een metaallegering, waaraan elastomeer materiaal is gehecht, alsmede werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van dat voorwerp.
GB1598388A (en) * 1978-05-26 1981-09-16 Bekaert Sa Nv Steel wire reinforcing elements
US4226918A (en) * 1978-08-03 1980-10-07 National-Standard Company Rubber adherent ternary Cu-Zn-Ni Alloy coated steel wires
FR2445764A1 (fr) * 1979-01-05 1980-08-01 Bekaert Sa Nv Nouveaux elements a base de fils d'acier pour le renforcement de compositions de caoutchouc
JPS59162292A (ja) * 1983-03-05 1984-09-13 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 塗装後耐食性にすぐれた複層メツキ鋼板
JPS6050195A (ja) * 1983-08-30 1985-03-19 Nippon Steel Corp めっき層濃度傾斜型Ζｎ合金めつき鋼板
US4446198A (en) * 1983-09-08 1984-05-01 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Copper-zinc-iron ternary alloy coated steel wire reinforcers in tires
US4659631A (en) * 1984-05-17 1987-04-21 Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Corrosion resistant duplex plated sheet steel
CA1258999A (en) * 1984-09-13 1989-09-05 Thomas W. Starinshak Quaternary brass alloy coated steel element and rubber reinforced therewith
GB8426746D0 (en) * 1984-10-23 1984-11-28 Bekaert Sa Nv Ferrous substrate
GB8500323D0 (en) * 1985-01-07 1985-02-13 Bekaert Sa Nv Steel reinforcing elements
DE3635121B4 (de) * 1985-10-15 2004-03-04 Bridgestone Corp. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gummiartigen Verbundmaterials
US4828000A (en) * 1986-10-31 1989-05-09 N. V. Bekaert S.A. Steel substrate with brass covering layer for adhesion to rubber
IT1225871B (it) * 1987-03-02 1990-12-07 Pirelli Miglioramenti ai fili metallici per rinforzo di materiali elastomerici
US4929512A (en) * 1987-10-26 1990-05-29 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Metal and composite material made of the metal and rubber
US4746408A (en) * 1987-11-05 1988-05-24 Whyco Chromium Company, Inc. Multi layer corrosion resistant coating
AU637625B2 (en) * 1989-07-21 1993-06-03 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Steel substrate for reinforcement of elastomers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE160312T1 (de) 1997-12-15
TR26391A (tr) 1995-03-15
ES2112283T3 (es) 1998-04-01
DE69223214T2 (de) 1998-05-14
CN1070436A (zh) 1993-03-31
CA2077784C (en) 2003-05-13
ITMI912376A1 (it) 1993-03-09
EP0536545B1 (de) 1997-11-19
AU2204492A (en) 1993-03-11
CN1039138C (zh) 1998-07-15
KR100264508B1 (ko) 2000-09-01
KR930006250A (ko) 1993-04-21
EP0536545A1 (de) 1993-04-14
BR9203578A (pt) 1993-04-13
US5338620A (en) 1994-08-16
JPH05195459A (ja) 1993-08-03
JP3163178B2 (ja) 2001-05-08
RU2074269C1 (ru) 1997-02-27
ITMI912376A0 (it) 1991-09-09
AU661010B2 (en) 1995-07-13
CA2077784A1 (en) 1993-03-10
IT1251401B (it) 1995-05-09

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