DE69213553T2 - Korrosionsbeständige rostfreie Stahllegierung mit hohem Chromgehalt und Verfahren zur Verminderung der Spannungsrisskorrosion - Google Patents
Korrosionsbeständige rostfreie Stahllegierung mit hohem Chromgehalt und Verfahren zur Verminderung der SpannungsrisskorrosionInfo
- Publication number
- DE69213553T2 DE69213553T2 DE69213553T DE69213553T DE69213553T2 DE 69213553 T2 DE69213553 T2 DE 69213553T2 DE 69213553 T DE69213553 T DE 69213553T DE 69213553 T DE69213553 T DE 69213553T DE 69213553 T2 DE69213553 T2 DE 69213553T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- corrosion
- water
- potential
- alloy
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims description 127
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims description 127
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 93
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 47
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 40
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 35
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000619 316 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 206010073306 Exposure to radiation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 32 ppb Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002970 Calcium lactobionate Substances 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003608 radiolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/703,325 US5147602A (en) | 1991-05-20 | 1991-05-20 | Corrosion resistant high chromium stainless steel alloy |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE69213553D1 DE69213553D1 (de) | 1996-10-17 |
| DE69213553T2 true DE69213553T2 (de) | 1997-03-06 |
Family
ID=24824952
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69213553T Expired - Fee Related DE69213553T2 (de) | 1991-05-20 | 1992-05-15 | Korrosionsbeständige rostfreie Stahllegierung mit hohem Chromgehalt und Verfahren zur Verminderung der Spannungsrisskorrosion |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5147602A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0515112B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPH0711062B2 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE69213553T2 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2092037T3 (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TW246692B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5285486A (en) * | 1992-11-25 | 1994-02-08 | General Electric Company | Internal passive hydrogen peroxide decomposer for a boiling water reactor |
| US5287392A (en) * | 1992-11-25 | 1994-02-15 | General Electric Company | Internal passive water recombiner/hydrogen peroxide decomposer for a boiling water reactor |
| JP3218779B2 (ja) * | 1993-03-18 | 2001-10-15 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 耐中性子照射脆化に優れた構造部材及びそれに用いるオーステナイト鋼とその用途 |
| US5392325A (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1995-02-21 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for local protection of piping systems from stress corrosion cracking |
| JP2938758B2 (ja) * | 1994-07-08 | 1999-08-25 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 金属材料の耐腐食性評価方法、高耐食合金の設計方法、金属材料の腐食状態診断方法およびプラントの運転方法 |
| US5793830A (en) * | 1995-07-03 | 1998-08-11 | General Electric Company | Metal alloy coating for mitigation of stress corrosion cracking of metal components in high-temperature water |
| DE19610977C1 (de) * | 1996-03-20 | 1997-04-10 | Siemens Ag | Kernreaktor mit Katalysatormaterial zum Beseitigen von Oxidationsmitteln |
| US6245289B1 (en) | 1996-04-24 | 2001-06-12 | J & L Fiber Services, Inc. | Stainless steel alloy for pulp refiner plate |
| US6024805A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 2000-02-15 | General Electric Company | Metal hydride addition for reducing corrosion potential of structural steel |
| US6259758B1 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 2001-07-10 | General Electric Company | Catalytic hydrogen peroxide decomposer in water-cooled reactors |
| US6149862A (en) * | 1999-05-18 | 2000-11-21 | The Atri Group Ltd. | Iron-silicon alloy and alloy product, exhibiting improved resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and method of making the same |
| US6488782B2 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2002-12-03 | General Electric Company | Method of reducing corrosion potential and stress corrosion cracking susceptibility in nickel-based alloys |
| US6582652B2 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2003-06-24 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Stainless steel alloy having lowered nickel-chromium toxicity and improved biocompatibility |
| DE10123690A1 (de) * | 2001-05-15 | 2002-12-05 | Framatome Anp Gmbh | Verfahren zum Schutz der Bauteile des Primärsystems eines Siedewasserreaktors insbesondere vor Spannungsrisskorrosion |
| US6724854B1 (en) | 2003-06-16 | 2004-04-20 | General Electric Company | Process to mitigate stress corrosion cracking of structural materials in high temperature water |
| US20040258192A1 (en) * | 2003-06-16 | 2004-12-23 | General Electric Company | Mitigation of steam turbine stress corrosion cracking |
| DE102006009502B3 (de) * | 2006-02-27 | 2007-08-30 | Framatome Anp Gmbh | Verfahren zur Prüfung eines Brennstabhüllrohres sowie zugehörige Vorrichtung |
| EP3253898A4 (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2018-07-11 | Atomic Energy of Canada Limited/ Énergie Atomique du Canada Limitée | Nickel-chromium-iron alloys with improved resistance to stress corrosion cracking in nuclear environments |
| CN105349905A (zh) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-24 | 无锡市嘉邦电力管道厂 | 一种耐高温耐腐蚀金属材料 |
| CN115954122B (zh) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-11-17 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种核反应堆压力容器疲劳状态监测方法、设备和装置 |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2661284A (en) * | 1951-06-27 | 1953-12-01 | Gen Electric | Precipitation hardenable iron base alloy |
| NL122532C (enExample) * | 1960-02-02 | |||
| FR1460760A (fr) * | 1964-10-12 | 1966-01-07 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Procédé de réduction de l'effet de rayonnement sur des aciers inoxydables et des alliages à base de nickel |
| DE1210496B (de) * | 1964-10-30 | 1966-02-10 | Keller & Knappich Gmbh | Ausfuetterung fuer einen Mantel eines Kernreaktor-Behaelters |
| GB1170455A (en) * | 1966-12-07 | 1969-11-12 | Apv Paramount Ltd | Chromium Nickel Steels |
| JPS512050A (ja) * | 1974-06-23 | 1976-01-09 | Kinzoku Giken Kk | Akyumureetaa |
| JPS5145612A (en) * | 1974-10-16 | 1976-04-19 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Taikoonware oosutenaitosutenresuko |
| JPS5589459A (en) * | 1978-12-27 | 1980-07-07 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Boron-containing stainless steel having good corrosion resistance and workability |
| JPS5696052A (en) * | 1979-12-29 | 1981-08-03 | Nippon Steel Corp | Low sulfur steel with hydrogen sulfide crack resistance |
| JPS599621B2 (ja) * | 1980-04-21 | 1984-03-03 | 株式会社クボタ | 溶融ほう砂用耐食合金 |
| JPS571583A (en) * | 1980-06-06 | 1982-01-06 | Fuji Kogyosho:Kk | Roller electrode for seam welding |
| US4384891A (en) * | 1980-07-07 | 1983-05-24 | Regie Nationale Des Usines Renault | Metal alloy with high catalytic activity |
| US4494987A (en) * | 1982-04-21 | 1985-01-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Precipitation hardening austenitic superalloys |
| GB2149391B (en) * | 1983-11-10 | 1987-10-07 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method for removing dissolved oxygen from aqueous media |
| US4842811A (en) * | 1985-02-05 | 1989-06-27 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method for preventing oxygen corrosion in a boiling water nuclear reactor and improved boiling water reactor system |
| US4849082A (en) * | 1986-02-03 | 1989-07-18 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Ion implantation of zirconium alloys with hafnium |
| EP0246092A3 (en) * | 1986-05-15 | 1989-05-03 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Alloys resistant to stress corrosion cracking |
| JPS62287051A (ja) * | 1986-06-03 | 1987-12-12 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 耐粒界腐食性並びに耐粒界応力腐食割れ性の優れたオ−ステナイト系ステンレス鋼 |
| US4836976A (en) * | 1987-04-20 | 1989-06-06 | General Electric Company | Light water reactor cores with increased resistance to stress corrosion cracking |
| JP3009147B2 (ja) * | 1988-06-10 | 2000-02-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 中性子照射下で高温高圧水にさらされるオーステナイト鋼及びその用途 |
| JPH02247358A (ja) * | 1989-03-20 | 1990-10-03 | Hitachi Ltd | 原子炉部材用Ｆｅ基合金及びその製造法 |
| JP2574917B2 (ja) * | 1990-03-14 | 1997-01-22 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 耐応力腐食割れ性に優れたオーステナイト鋼及びその用途 |
-
1991
- 1991-05-20 US US07/703,325 patent/US5147602A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-01-21 TW TW081100422A patent/TW246692B/zh active
- 1992-05-15 ES ES92304443T patent/ES2092037T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-15 EP EP92304443A patent/EP0515112B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-15 DE DE69213553T patent/DE69213553T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-05-19 JP JP4125219A patent/JPH0711062B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH05179407A (ja) | 1993-07-20 |
| EP0515112A1 (en) | 1992-11-25 |
| EP0515112B1 (en) | 1996-09-11 |
| JPH0711062B2 (ja) | 1995-02-08 |
| TW246692B (enExample) | 1995-05-01 |
| ES2092037T3 (es) | 1996-11-16 |
| US5147602A (en) | 1992-09-15 |
| DE69213553D1 (de) | 1996-10-17 |
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