DE69120174T2 - Sterilisation mittels Plasma und gepulster Behandlung mit antimikrobiellen Mitteln - Google Patents
Sterilisation mittels Plasma und gepulster Behandlung mit antimikrobiellen MittelnInfo
- Publication number
- DE69120174T2 DE69120174T2 DE69120174T DE69120174T DE69120174T2 DE 69120174 T2 DE69120174 T2 DE 69120174T2 DE 69120174 T DE69120174 T DE 69120174T DE 69120174 T DE69120174 T DE 69120174T DE 69120174 T2 DE69120174 T2 DE 69120174T2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- sterilization
- plasma
- antimicrobial agents
- pulsed treatment
- pulsed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 title 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 title 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/14—Plasma, i.e. ionised gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S422/00—Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing
- Y10S422/906—Plasma or ion generation means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S422/00—Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing
- Y10S422/907—Corona or glow discharge means
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/576,235 US5084239A (en) | 1990-08-31 | 1990-08-31 | Plasma sterilizing process with pulsed antimicrobial agent treatment |
US07/749,041 US5244629A (en) | 1990-08-31 | 1991-08-27 | Plasma sterilizing process with pulsed antimicrobial agent pretreatment |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE69120174D1 DE69120174D1 (de) | 1996-07-18 |
DE69120174T2 true DE69120174T2 (de) | 1996-11-21 |
Family
ID=27076897
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69120174T Expired - Lifetime DE69120174T2 (de) | 1990-08-31 | 1991-08-30 | Sterilisation mittels Plasma und gepulster Behandlung mit antimikrobiellen Mitteln |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5244629A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0474137B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2780228B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2050368C (de) |
DE (1) | DE69120174T2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10814027B2 (en) | 2017-12-07 | 2020-10-27 | Asp Global Manufacturing Gmbh | Sterilization-assistance device |
US10967084B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2021-04-06 | Asp Global Manufacturing Gmbh | Flow restrictor |
Families Citing this family (85)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5897831A (en) * | 1987-02-25 | 1999-04-27 | Adir Jacob | Process for dry sterilization of medical devices and materials |
US5302343A (en) | 1987-02-25 | 1994-04-12 | Adir Jacob | Process for dry sterilization of medical devices and materials |
US5580530A (en) * | 1987-07-30 | 1996-12-03 | Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc. | Device for vapor sterilization of articles having lumens |
US5413760A (en) * | 1989-03-08 | 1995-05-09 | Abtox, Inc. | Plasma sterilizer and method |
US5593649A (en) * | 1989-03-08 | 1997-01-14 | Abtox, Inc. | Canister with plasma gas mixture for sterilizer |
US5472664A (en) * | 1989-03-08 | 1995-12-05 | Abtox, Inc. | Plasma gas mixture for sterilizer and method |
US5650693A (en) * | 1989-03-08 | 1997-07-22 | Abtox, Inc. | Plasma sterilizer apparatus using a non-flammable mixture of hydrogen and oxygen |
US5645796A (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1997-07-08 | Abtox, Inc. | Process for plasma sterilizing with pulsed antimicrobial agent treatment |
US5132108A (en) * | 1990-11-08 | 1992-07-21 | Cordis Corporation | Radiofrequency plasma treated polymeric surfaces having immobilized anti-thrombogenic agents |
GB2253144B (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1995-07-05 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Gas sterilisation |
US5700426A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1997-12-23 | Foundation Nationale De Transfusion Sanguine | Method for decontaminating or sterilizing "in situ" a vacuum sealed container and device for implementing such method |
US6036918A (en) * | 1993-03-17 | 2000-03-14 | Enviro Medical Systems, Inc. | Vapor sterilization |
US5482684A (en) * | 1994-05-03 | 1996-01-09 | Abtox, Inc. | Vessel useful for monitoring plasma sterilizing processes |
US5656238A (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1997-08-12 | Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc. | Plasma-enhanced vacuum drying |
US5785934A (en) * | 1995-01-06 | 1998-07-28 | Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc. | Vapor sterilization using inorganic hydrogen peroxide complexes |
US5700327A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1997-12-23 | Polar Materials, Incorporated | Method for cleaning hollow articles with plasma |
US5603895B1 (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1998-11-03 | Abtox Inc | Plasma water vapor sterilizer and method |
WO1996040296A2 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1996-12-19 | Mdt Corporation | Process and apparatus for dry sterilization of medical devices and materials |
US5741460A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-04-21 | Adir Jacob | Process for dry sterilization of medical devices and materials |
US5827542A (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 1998-10-27 | Healthpoint, Ltd. | Quick acting chemical sterilant |
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US6030579A (en) * | 1996-04-04 | 2000-02-29 | Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc. | Method of sterilization using pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide |
US6325972B1 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2001-12-04 | Ethicon, Inc. | Apparatus and process for concentrating a liquid sterilant and sterilizing articles therewith |
US6495100B1 (en) * | 1996-04-04 | 2002-12-17 | Ethicon, Inc. | Method for sterilizing devices in a container |
DE19640528A1 (de) * | 1996-10-01 | 1998-04-02 | Roland Dr Gesche | Verfahren, Vorrichtung und Behälter für die Behandlung von Teilen mit vakuumtechnischen Prozessen |
US5851485A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-12-22 | Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc. | Process for sterilization with liquid sterilant using controlled pumpdown rate |
US6977061B2 (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 2005-12-20 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Method and apparatus for sterilizing a lumen device |
US6528017B2 (en) | 1997-04-04 | 2003-03-04 | Ethicon, Inc. | System and method for sterilizing a lumen device |
US6287518B1 (en) | 1997-06-25 | 2001-09-11 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Sterilization monitors |
US7803316B2 (en) * | 1997-08-21 | 2010-09-28 | Ethicon, Inc. | Method and apparatus for processing a lumen device |
US6451255B1 (en) | 1997-08-21 | 2002-09-17 | Ethicon, Inc. | Dry booster |
US20010031221A1 (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 2001-10-18 | Wu Su-Syin S. | Apparatus and method for delivering fluids to contact surfaces between parts of a medical device |
US7229591B2 (en) * | 1997-08-21 | 2007-06-12 | Ethicon, Inc. | Lumen sterilization device and method |
AU753047B2 (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 2002-10-03 | Ethicon Inc. | Method for measuring the concentration of hydrogen peroxide vapor |
US6013227A (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 2000-01-11 | Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc. | Lumen device reprocessor without occlusion |
US6955786B2 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2005-10-18 | Cosmed Group, Inc. | Gaseous blend of CO2 and Ox and its use for biological burden reduction |
US6334979B1 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2002-01-01 | Cosmed Group, Inc. | Gaseous blend of Ox and its use for biological burden reduction |
US6337048B1 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2002-01-08 | Cosmed Group, Inc. | Solubility and dispersibility by exposure to Ox |
WO1999032162A1 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-07-01 | Carmen Gary B | DYNAMIC Ox BIOLOGICAL BURDEN REDUCTION |
US6534002B1 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2003-03-18 | Ethicon, Inc. | Flow of fluid through a lumen device from smaller-caliber end to larger-caliber end |
US6151813A (en) * | 1999-01-04 | 2000-11-28 | Insta Graphic Systems | Manual heat press machine |
FR2790962B1 (fr) * | 1999-03-16 | 2003-10-10 | Absys | Procede et dispositifs de sterilisation par plasma |
US6365102B1 (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2002-04-02 | Ethicon, Inc. | Method of enhanced sterilization with improved material compatibility |
WO2000067805A1 (en) * | 1999-05-06 | 2000-11-16 | Intecon Systems, Inc. | Cleaning particulate matter and chemical contaminants from hands and elastomeric articles |
US7192553B2 (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2007-03-20 | Plasmasol Corporation | In situ sterilization and decontamination system using a non-thermal plasma discharge |
US7029636B2 (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2006-04-18 | Plasmasol Corporation | Electrode discharge, non-thermal plasma device (reactor) for the pre-treatment of combustion air |
US6923890B2 (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2005-08-02 | Plasmasol Corporation | Chemical processing using non-thermal discharge plasma |
US6955794B2 (en) | 1999-12-15 | 2005-10-18 | Plasmasol Corporation | Slot discharge non-thermal plasma apparatus and process for promoting chemical reaction |
BR0016773A (pt) * | 1999-12-15 | 2002-09-03 | Stevens Inst Technology | Aparelho de plasma não térmico de descarga capilar em eletrodo segmentado e processo para promover reações quìmicas. |
US7094322B1 (en) | 1999-12-15 | 2006-08-22 | Plasmasol Corporation Wall Township | Use of self-sustained atmospheric pressure plasma for the scattering and absorption of electromagnetic radiation |
JP4663059B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-10 | 2011-03-30 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | 処理装置のクリーニング方法 |
FR2814079B1 (fr) * | 2000-09-15 | 2005-05-13 | Absys | Systeme de sterilisation par plasma |
EP1430501A2 (de) | 2001-07-02 | 2004-06-23 | Plasmasol Corporation | Neuartige elektrode zur verwendung mit einer atmosphärendruck-plasmaemittervorrichtung und verfahren zu ihrer verwendung |
US7090808B2 (en) | 2001-07-09 | 2006-08-15 | Pharmaceutical Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for testing sterilization methods and materials |
KR20050043740A (ko) * | 2001-11-02 | 2005-05-11 | 플라스마솔 코포레이션 | 저온 플라즈마 슬릿 방전 장치 |
US20040050684A1 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2004-03-18 | Plasmasol Corporation | System and method for injection of an organic based reagent into weakly ionized gas to generate chemically active species |
US7067089B2 (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2006-06-27 | Sheree H. Wen | Sanitizing device and method for sanitizing articles |
US7156897B2 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2007-01-02 | Wen Sheree H | Anti-infection and toxin elimination device |
US6673137B1 (en) | 2001-11-27 | 2004-01-06 | Sheree H. Wen | Apparatus and method for purifying air in a ventilation system |
US6776824B2 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2004-08-17 | Sheree H. Wen | Antiviral and antibacterial filtration module for a vacuum cleaner or other appliance |
SE527533C2 (sv) * | 2002-04-23 | 2006-04-04 | Human Meditek Co Ltd | Plasmasteriliseringsapparat |
US7300637B2 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2007-11-27 | Ethicon, Inc. | Sterilization container kit |
US20050260107A1 (en) * | 2003-07-01 | 2005-11-24 | Jackson David P | Method, process, chemistry and apparatus for treating a substrate |
US20050205410A1 (en) * | 2004-01-22 | 2005-09-22 | Plasmasol Corporation | Capillary-in-ring electrode gas discharge generator for producing a weakly ionized gas and method for using the same |
WO2005070018A2 (en) * | 2004-01-22 | 2005-08-04 | Plasmasol Corporation | Modular sterilization system |
US7429353B2 (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2008-09-30 | American Sterilizer Company | Method and apparatus for injecting a metered quantity of a liquid into a chamber |
US20070048176A1 (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2007-03-01 | Plasmasol Corporation | Sterilizing and recharging apparatus for batteries, battery packs and battery powered devices |
CA2767726C (en) * | 2009-09-30 | 2015-03-24 | Tso3 Inc. | Sterilization method and apparatus |
IES20100346A2 (en) | 2010-05-27 | 2011-01-19 | Arann Healthcare Ltd | Method and apparatus for the sterilisation of articles |
JP5938470B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-03 | 2016-06-22 | コリア・ベーシック・サイエンス・インスティテュート | 医療用プラズマ滅菌装置 |
US10128090B2 (en) | 2012-02-22 | 2018-11-13 | Lam Research Corporation | RF impedance model based fault detection |
US9842725B2 (en) | 2013-01-31 | 2017-12-12 | Lam Research Corporation | Using modeling to determine ion energy associated with a plasma system |
US9197196B2 (en) | 2012-02-22 | 2015-11-24 | Lam Research Corporation | State-based adjustment of power and frequency |
US10157729B2 (en) | 2012-02-22 | 2018-12-18 | Lam Research Corporation | Soft pulsing |
US9462672B2 (en) | 2012-02-22 | 2016-10-04 | Lam Research Corporation | Adjustment of power and frequency based on three or more states |
US9114666B2 (en) | 2012-02-22 | 2015-08-25 | Lam Research Corporation | Methods and apparatus for controlling plasma in a plasma processing system |
EP2857045B1 (de) * | 2012-05-28 | 2018-08-01 | Saraya Co., Ltd. | Sterilisationsvorrichtung und sterilisationsverfahren damit |
US9594105B2 (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2017-03-14 | Lam Research Corporation | Cable power loss determination for virtual metrology |
US10950421B2 (en) | 2014-04-21 | 2021-03-16 | Lam Research Corporation | Using modeling for identifying a location of a fault in an RF transmission system for a plasma system |
US9761459B2 (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2017-09-12 | Lam Research Corporation | Systems and methods for reverse pulsing |
EP3363470B1 (de) * | 2015-10-13 | 2021-06-09 | Suntory Holdings Limited | Sterilisationsvorrichtung und -verfahren |
CN108686240B (zh) | 2017-04-10 | 2022-03-04 | 山东新华医疗器械股份有限公司 | 灭菌方法和灭菌装置 |
CN108686241B (zh) | 2017-04-10 | 2021-03-26 | 山东新华医疗器械股份有限公司 | 灭菌方法和灭菌装置 |
US20200375691A1 (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2020-12-03 | Medivators Inc. | Peracetic acid vapor sterilization system |
CN115607701B (zh) * | 2022-11-10 | 2024-03-22 | 江门华大生物科技有限公司 | 多孔椎间融合器的辐照灭菌方法 |
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US3383163A (en) * | 1964-01-24 | 1968-05-14 | Little Inc A | Treatment of surfaces |
US3410776A (en) * | 1966-02-01 | 1968-11-12 | Lab For Electronics Inc | Gas reaction apparatus |
US3428548A (en) * | 1966-09-27 | 1969-02-18 | Lab For Electronics Inc | Plasma reaction system for reacting a gas with a non-gaseous material |
JPS4919598B1 (de) * | 1970-05-30 | 1974-05-18 | ||
US3704096A (en) * | 1970-10-16 | 1972-11-28 | Pollution Control Ind Inc | Sterilizing package and method and means for sterilizing an article and thereafter checking its sterility |
US3851436A (en) * | 1971-12-13 | 1974-12-03 | Boeing Co | Sterilizing and packaging process utilizing gas plasma |
US3948601A (en) * | 1972-12-11 | 1976-04-06 | The Boeing Company | Sterilizing process and apparatus utilizing gas plasma |
US4123663A (en) * | 1975-01-22 | 1978-10-31 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. | Gas-etching device |
JPS5211175A (en) * | 1975-07-18 | 1977-01-27 | Toshiba Corp | Activated gas reacting apparatus |
US4169123A (en) * | 1975-12-11 | 1979-09-25 | Moore-Perk Corporation | Hydrogen peroxide vapor sterilization method |
JPS5378170A (en) * | 1976-12-22 | 1978-07-11 | Toshiba Corp | Continuous processor for gas plasma etching |
US4138306A (en) * | 1976-08-31 | 1979-02-06 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for the treatment of semiconductors |
JPS53121469A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1978-10-23 | Toshiba Corp | Gas etching unit |
US4169124A (en) * | 1977-09-26 | 1979-09-25 | Moore-Perk Corporation | Cold gas sterilization process |
US4207286A (en) * | 1978-03-16 | 1980-06-10 | Biophysics Research & Consulting Corporation | Seeded gas plasma sterilization method |
IN153503B (de) * | 1979-01-11 | 1984-07-21 | Nat Res Dev | |
US4230663A (en) * | 1979-07-10 | 1980-10-28 | Moore-Perk Corporation | Cold gas sterilization process using hydrogen peroxide at low concentrations |
JPS5675158A (en) * | 1979-11-27 | 1981-06-22 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Sterilizer |
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JPS5887825A (ja) * | 1981-11-20 | 1983-05-25 | Fujitsu Ltd | マイクロ波プラズマ処理装置 |
JPS5939143B2 (ja) * | 1981-12-12 | 1984-09-21 | 株式会社巴商会 | プラズマ滅菌法 |
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JPS6036272B2 (ja) * | 1982-03-18 | 1985-08-19 | 岩谷産業株式会社 | 食品の表面に付着した大腸菌の殺菌方法 |
ATE30677T1 (de) * | 1982-11-16 | 1987-11-15 | St Gallen Kantonsspital | Verfahren zum sterilisieren von utensilien, insbesondere aus thermolabilen materialien. |
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US4943417A (en) * | 1987-02-25 | 1990-07-24 | Adir Jacob | Apparatus for dry sterilization of medical devices and materials |
US4818488A (en) * | 1987-02-25 | 1989-04-04 | Adir Jacob | Process and apparatus for dry sterilization of medical devices and materials |
US4801427A (en) * | 1987-02-25 | 1989-01-31 | Adir Jacob | Process and apparatus for dry sterilization of medical devices and materials |
US4917586A (en) * | 1987-02-25 | 1990-04-17 | Adir Jacob | Process for dry sterilization of medical devices and materials |
US4931261A (en) * | 1987-02-25 | 1990-06-05 | Adir Jacob | Apparatus for dry sterilization of medical devices and materials |
FI880221A (fi) * | 1988-01-19 | 1989-07-20 | Santasalo Sohlberg Ab Oy | Foerfarande och anordning foer sterilisering eller desinfektering av verktyg. |
JPH02279160A (ja) * | 1989-03-08 | 1990-11-15 | Abtox Inc | プラズマ滅菌方法及び滅菌装置 |
US5178829A (en) * | 1989-03-08 | 1993-01-12 | Abtox, Inc. | Flash sterilization with plasma |
GB2253144B (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1995-07-05 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Gas sterilisation |
-
1991
- 1991-08-27 US US07/749,041 patent/US5244629A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-30 JP JP3246651A patent/JP2780228B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-30 CA CA002050368A patent/CA2050368C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-30 DE DE69120174T patent/DE69120174T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-30 EP EP91114652A patent/EP0474137B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-05-21 US US08/065,859 patent/US5413758A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10814027B2 (en) | 2017-12-07 | 2020-10-27 | Asp Global Manufacturing Gmbh | Sterilization-assistance device |
US10967084B2 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2021-04-06 | Asp Global Manufacturing Gmbh | Flow restrictor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5413758A (en) | 1995-05-09 |
US5244629A (en) | 1993-09-14 |
JP2780228B2 (ja) | 1998-07-30 |
EP0474137B1 (de) | 1996-06-12 |
EP0474137A2 (de) | 1992-03-11 |
DE69120174D1 (de) | 1996-07-18 |
CA2050368A1 (en) | 1992-03-01 |
CA2050368C (en) | 2000-03-21 |
EP0474137A3 (en) | 1992-08-05 |
JPH05317390A (ja) | 1993-12-03 |
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