DE602004006536D1 - Bekämpfng von parasiten in tieren durch anwendung von imidazoä1,2-büpyridazinderivaten - Google Patents

Bekämpfng von parasiten in tieren durch anwendung von imidazoä1,2-büpyridazinderivaten

Info

Publication number
DE602004006536D1
DE602004006536D1 DE602004006536T DE602004006536T DE602004006536D1 DE 602004006536 D1 DE602004006536 D1 DE 602004006536D1 DE 602004006536 T DE602004006536 T DE 602004006536T DE 602004006536 T DE602004006536 T DE 602004006536T DE 602004006536 D1 DE602004006536 D1 DE 602004006536D1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
animals
imidazoe2
büpyridazine
derivatives
applying
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
DE602004006536T
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE602004006536T2 (de
Inventor
Kevin N Winzenberg
Craig L Francis
David G Sawutz
Ashit Ganguly
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MSD International Holdings GmbH
Original Assignee
Schering Plough Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schering Plough Ltd filed Critical Schering Plough Ltd
Publication of DE602004006536D1 publication Critical patent/DE602004006536D1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE602004006536T2 publication Critical patent/DE602004006536T2/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/50Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
    • A61K31/5025Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/50Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00Antiparasitic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/10Anthelmintics
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04Ortho-condensed systems

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
DE602004006536T 2003-12-31 2004-12-22 Bekämpfng von parasiten in tieren durch anwendung von imidazoä1,2-büpyridazinderivaten Active DE602004006536T2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US53372903P 2003-12-31 2003-12-31
US533729P 2003-12-31
PCT/US2004/043402 WO2005066177A1 (en) 2003-12-31 2004-12-22 Control of parasites in animals by the use of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE602004006536D1 true DE602004006536D1 (de) 2007-06-28
DE602004006536T2 DE602004006536T2 (de) 2008-01-31

Family

ID=34748949

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE602004006536T Active DE602004006536T2 (de) 2003-12-31 2004-12-22 Bekämpfng von parasiten in tieren durch anwendung von imidazoä1,2-büpyridazinderivaten

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US7759349B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1699799B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4758909B2 (de)
KR (1) KR20060110344A (de)
CN (1) CN100582108C (de)
AT (1) ATE362475T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2004312506B2 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0418328A (de)
CA (1) CA2551867C (de)
DE (1) DE602004006536T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2285565T3 (de)
HK (1) HK1091207A1 (de)
NZ (1) NZ548098A (de)
PL (1) PL380764A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2005066177A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA200605299B (de)

Families Citing this family (70)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7943160B2 (en) * 2002-05-09 2011-05-17 Scimetrics Limited Corp. Pest control methods
AR054981A1 (es) 2004-09-23 2007-08-01 Schering Plough Ltd Control de parasitos en animales mediante el uso de nuevos derivados de trifluorometansulfonanilida oxima eter
EP1811841B1 (de) 2004-11-19 2009-10-28 Schering-Plough Ltd. Kontrolle von parasiten bei tieren mittels verwendung von parasitiziden 2-phenyl-3-(1h-pyrrol-2-yl) acrylonitril-derivaten
EP1832588A4 (de) * 2004-12-28 2009-09-02 Takeda Pharmaceutical Kondensierte imidazolverbindung und deren verwendung
CA2609574A1 (en) * 2005-06-09 2006-12-21 Schering-Plough Ltd. Control of parasites in animals by n-[(phenyloxy)phenyl]-1,1,1-trifluoromethanesulfonamide and n-[(phenylsulfanyl)phenyl]-1,1,1-trifluoromethanesulfonamide derivatives
US7750000B2 (en) 2005-09-02 2010-07-06 Bayer Schering Pharma Ag Substituted imidazo[1,2b]pyridazines as kinase inhibitors, their preparation and use as medicaments
DE102005042742A1 (de) * 2005-09-02 2007-03-08 Schering Ag Substituierte Imidazo[1,2b]pyridazine als Kinase-Inhibitoren, deren Herstellung und Verwendung als Arzneimittel
US8119667B2 (en) * 2005-12-29 2012-02-21 Schering-Plough Animal Health Corporation Carbonates of fenicol antibiotics
TW200803903A (en) * 2006-04-28 2008-01-16 Nihon Mediphysics Co Ltd Novel compound having affinity to amyloid
AU2007252658B2 (en) 2006-05-19 2012-03-29 Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd. Novel compound having affinity for amyloid
AU2007261985B2 (en) 2006-06-21 2012-04-19 Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd. Novel compound having affinity for amyloid
DE102006029447A1 (de) * 2006-06-21 2007-12-27 Bayer Schering Pharma Ag Oxo-substituierte Imidazo[1,2b]pyridazine, deren Herstellung und Verwendung als Arzneimittel
TW200817409A (en) * 2006-08-04 2008-04-16 Takeda Pharmaceutical Fused heterocyclic derivative and use thereof
AU2007326707A1 (en) * 2006-11-30 2008-06-05 Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd. Novel compound having affinity for amyloid
CA2672586A1 (en) * 2006-12-13 2008-06-26 Schering-Plough Ltd. Water-soluble prodrugs of florfenicol and its analogs
CA2672795A1 (en) * 2006-12-13 2008-06-26 Schering-Plough Ltd. Water-soluble prodrugs of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, and analogs thereof
WO2008072682A1 (ja) * 2006-12-15 2008-06-19 Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited イミダゾ[1,2-b]ピリダジン誘導体
EP2119458B9 (de) 2007-02-13 2013-08-21 Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd. Verfahren zur herstellung eines abbildungsmittels zur strahlendiagnose
WO2008133192A1 (ja) * 2007-04-19 2008-11-06 Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 縮合イミダゾール化合物およびその用途
TWI430995B (zh) 2007-06-26 2014-03-21 Du Pont 萘異唑啉無脊椎有害動物控制劑
NO2957284T3 (de) 2007-06-27 2018-06-16
US8143253B2 (en) * 2007-07-26 2012-03-27 Novartis Ag Organic compounds
TWI556741B (zh) 2007-08-17 2016-11-11 英特威特國際股份有限公司 異唑啉組成物及其作為抗寄生蟲藥上的應用
WO2009054496A1 (ja) * 2007-10-24 2009-04-30 Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd. 新規アミロイド親和性化合物
TW200920408A (en) * 2007-10-30 2009-05-16 Nihon Mediphysics Co Ltd Use of novel compound having affinity for amyloid, and process for production of the same
AU2008319987A1 (en) * 2007-10-30 2009-05-07 Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd. Utilization of novel compounds with amyloid affinity and method of producing the same
US7868001B2 (en) 2007-11-02 2011-01-11 Hutchison Medipharma Enterprises Limited Cytokine inhibitors
TWI491610B (zh) * 2008-10-09 2015-07-11 必治妥美雅史谷比公司 作為激酶抑制劑之咪唑并嗒腈
UA110924C2 (uk) 2009-08-05 2016-03-10 Е. І. Дю Пон Де Немур Енд Компані Мезоіонні пестициди
JP2013501059A (ja) 2009-08-05 2013-01-10 イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー メソイオン性殺虫剤
AU2010279587A1 (en) 2009-08-05 2012-02-09 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Mesoionic pesticides
WO2011095581A1 (en) 2010-02-05 2011-08-11 Intervet International B.V. S piroindoline compounds for use as anthelminthi cs
EP2621923B1 (de) 2010-09-29 2017-03-29 Intervet International B.V. N-heteroarylverbindungen mit cyclischer überbrückungseinheit zur behandlung von parasitären erkrankungen
EP2621903B1 (de) 2010-09-29 2017-03-01 Intervet International B.V. N-heteroarylverbindungen
WO2012087630A1 (en) 2010-12-20 2012-06-28 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Pyridine and pyrimidine compounds for controlling invertebrate
TWI617559B (zh) * 2010-12-22 2018-03-11 江蘇恆瑞醫藥股份有限公司 2-芳基咪唑并[1,2-b]嗒.2-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶,和2-苯基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡衍生物
JP2014520151A (ja) 2011-06-20 2014-08-21 イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー 蠕虫感染を処置するためのヘテロ環式化合物
EP2739626B1 (de) 2011-08-04 2016-05-04 Intervet International B.V. Neue spiroindolinverbindungen
MX2014006317A (es) 2011-11-28 2014-06-23 Du Pont Derivados de n-(4-quinolinilmetil) sulfonamida y su uso como antihelminticos.
AU2013241854B2 (en) 2012-03-28 2017-11-02 Intervet International B.V. Heteroaryl compounds with cyclic bridging unit for use in the treatment helminth infection
AU2013241853B2 (en) 2012-03-28 2017-11-09 Intervet International B.V. Heteroaryl compounds with A-cyclic bridging unit
WO2013158422A1 (en) 2012-04-17 2013-10-24 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Heterocyclic compounds for controlling invertebrate pests
WO2014099837A1 (en) 2012-12-18 2014-06-26 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Sulfonamide anthelmintics
WO2016162318A1 (de) 2015-04-08 2016-10-13 Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft Kondensierte bicyclische heterocyclen-derivate als schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel und deren zwischenprodukte
AR105607A1 (es) 2015-08-07 2017-10-18 Bayer Cropscience Ag Derivados heterocíclicos condensados sustituidos por 2-(het)arilo como pesticidas
US10550116B2 (en) 2015-10-26 2020-02-04 Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft Fused bicyclic heterocycle derivatives as pesticides
WO2017093180A1 (de) 2015-12-01 2017-06-08 Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft Kondensierte bicyclische heterocyclen-derivate als schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel
WO2017144341A1 (de) 2016-02-23 2017-08-31 Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft Kondensierte bicyclische heterocyclen-derivate als schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel
WO2017174414A1 (de) 2016-04-05 2017-10-12 Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft Naphthalin-derivate als schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel
EP3241830A1 (de) 2016-05-04 2017-11-08 Bayer CropScience Aktiengesellschaft Kondensierte bicyclische heterocyclen-derivate als schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel
CA3031139A1 (en) 2016-07-19 2018-01-25 Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft Condensed bicyclic heterocycle derivatives as pest control agents
BR112019003158B1 (pt) 2016-08-15 2022-10-25 Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft Derivados de heterociclo bicíclico condensado, seu uso, formulação agroquímica, e método para controlar pragas animais
AU2017328614B2 (en) 2016-09-19 2022-01-13 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyridine derivatives and their use as pesticides
WO2018065288A1 (de) 2016-10-07 2018-04-12 Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft 2-[2-phenyl-1-(sulfonylmethyl)vinyl]-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-derivate und verwandte verbindungen als schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel im pflanzenschutz
WO2018130443A1 (de) 2017-01-10 2018-07-19 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Heterocyclen-derivate als schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel
WO2018130437A1 (de) 2017-01-10 2018-07-19 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Heterocyclen-derivate als schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel
GB201700692D0 (en) * 2017-01-16 2017-03-01 Salvensis Novel compounds and their use in the treatment of schistosomiasis
WO2018138050A1 (de) 2017-01-26 2018-08-02 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Kondensierte bicyclische heterocyclen-derivate als schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel
KR102537983B1 (ko) 2017-04-24 2023-05-31 바이엘 악티엔게젤샤프트 해충 방제제로서의 축합된 비시클릭 헤테로시클릭-화합물 유도체
EP3305786A3 (de) 2018-01-22 2018-07-25 Bayer CropScience Aktiengesellschaft Kondensierte bicyclische heterocyclen-derivate als schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel
KR20200122353A (ko) 2018-02-21 2020-10-27 바이엘 악티엔게젤샤프트 해충 방제제로서의 축합 바이시클릭 헤테로시클릭 유도체
WO2020002593A1 (en) 2018-06-29 2020-01-02 Intervet International B.V. Compound for use against helminthic infection
US20230060425A1 (en) 2019-02-26 2023-03-02 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Fused bicyclic heterocycle derivatives as pesticides
CN113727983A (zh) 2019-02-26 2021-11-30 拜耳公司 作为害虫防治剂的稠合双环杂环衍生物
WO2020191091A1 (en) 2019-03-19 2020-09-24 Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc. Anthelmintic aza-benzothiophene and aza-benzofuran compounds
US20230148316A1 (en) 2019-12-18 2023-05-11 Intervet Inc. Anthelmintic compounds comprising a quinoline structure
MX2022007671A (es) 2019-12-18 2022-07-19 Intervet Int Bv Compuestos antihelminticos que comprenden una estructura de azaindoles.
CR20220665A (es) 2020-05-29 2023-07-19 Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma Compuestos heterocíclicos como anthelmínticos
GB202019622D0 (en) * 2020-12-11 2021-01-27 Adorx Therapeutics Ltd Antagonist compounds
US20240043446A1 (en) 2020-12-11 2024-02-08 Intervet Inc. Anthelmintic compounds comprising a thienopyridine structure

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3725407A (en) * 1971-04-08 1973-04-03 American Cyanamid Co 6-substituted amino-3-nitroimidazo(1,2-b)pyridazines and methods of preparing the same
US3905974A (en) * 1972-09-28 1975-09-16 American Cyanamid Co 6-Substituted oxo and thio-3-nitroimidazo(1,2-b)-pyridazines and methods of preparing same
DD202692A5 (de) 1979-12-04 1983-09-28 Ciba Geigy Verfahren zur herstellung neuer derivate des 2-amino-aethanols

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HK1091207A1 (en) 2007-01-12
AU2004312506A1 (en) 2005-07-21
DE602004006536T2 (de) 2008-01-31
NZ548098A (en) 2010-05-28
ATE362475T1 (de) 2007-06-15
JP2007517043A (ja) 2007-06-28
KR20060110344A (ko) 2006-10-24
US20050182059A1 (en) 2005-08-18
JP4758909B2 (ja) 2011-08-31
ZA200605299B (en) 2007-03-28
EP1699799A1 (de) 2006-09-13
CN100582108C (zh) 2010-01-20
EP1699799B1 (de) 2007-05-16
CA2551867C (en) 2010-08-17
US7759349B2 (en) 2010-07-20
AU2004312506B2 (en) 2011-08-04
CN1922181A (zh) 2007-02-28
ES2285565T3 (es) 2007-11-16
BRPI0418328A (pt) 2007-05-02
WO2005066177A1 (en) 2005-07-21
CA2551867A1 (en) 2005-07-21
PL380764A1 (pl) 2007-03-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE602004006536D1 (de) Bekämpfng von parasiten in tieren durch anwendung von imidazoä1,2-büpyridazinderivaten
MX2007006072A (es) Control de parasitos en animales mediante el uso de derivados del parasiticida 2-fenil-3-(1h-pirrol-2-il)acrilonitrilo.
DK1333833T3 (da) Ny trisubstitueret 8H-pyridol[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-on-forbindelse til behandling af CSBP/RK/p38-kinnasemedierede sygdomme
NO20054082L (no) Pyrazol`1,5-A! 1,3,5! triazinderivater som kannabinoidreseptorligander
DE60315146D1 (de) Heteroarylsubstituierte biphenylderivate als inhibitoren von p38-kinase
DE60325209D1 (de) Diarylharnstoffderivate, die sich zur behandlung von proteinkinaseabhängigen krankheiten eignen
WO2005048948A3 (en) Urea derivatives as kinase modulators
WO2006034333A3 (en) Control of parasites in animals by the use of novel trifluoromethanesulfonanilide oxime ether derivatives
DK1215965T3 (da) Fremgangsmåde og præparat til bekæmpelse af arthropoder
ATE355106T1 (de) Verbesserte kosmetische zusammensetzung mit vitamin b3, vitamin b6 und einer organischen säure
CY1106766T1 (el) Παραγωγα πυριδινης ως αναστολεις raf κινασης
DK1864975T3 (da) Nikotinamid-derivater anvendelige som P38-inhibitorer
WO2005040169A3 (en) Fused heterocyclic compounds as serotonin receptor modulators
ATE451376T1 (de) Zusammensetzungen, die sich als inhibitoren von proteinkinasen eignen
PE20020521A1 (es) Compuestos heterociclicos sustituidos para tratar la resistencia a multiples drogas
DE60318013D1 (de) N-oxid von n-phenyl-2-pyrimidinaminderivaten
ATE380813T1 (de) Imidazopyridinsubstituierte tropanderivate mit ccr5-rezeptorantagonistischer wirkung zur behandlung von hiv und entzündungen
WO2005021495A3 (en) Quaternary salt derivatives of 1,4-diphenylazetidin-2-ones
PT1432313E (pt) Derivados de n-tio-nicotinamida e compostos relacionados para a utilização como pesticidas
WO2001070692A3 (de) Heterocyclische acylsulfimide,verfahren zu ihrer herstellung, sie enthaltende mittel und ihre verwendung als schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel
WO2004043379A3 (en) Chemical compounds
DE60206289D1 (de) Verwendung von bibn4096 in kombination mit anderen migränemitteln zur behandlung von migräne
WO2002076396A3 (en) Compounds useful as kinase inhibitors for the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases
WO2004034985A3 (en) Chemical compounds
DK1562547T3 (da) Fremgangsmåde til at stimulere hårvækst under anvendelse af benzopyraner

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
8364 No opposition during term of opposition