DE4116260A1 - Pulverfoermiges formentrennmittel fuer ein niederdruckgussverfahren - Google Patents

Pulverfoermiges formentrennmittel fuer ein niederdruckgussverfahren

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Publication number
DE4116260A1
DE4116260A1 DE4116260A DE4116260A DE4116260A1 DE 4116260 A1 DE4116260 A1 DE 4116260A1 DE 4116260 A DE4116260 A DE 4116260A DE 4116260 A DE4116260 A DE 4116260A DE 4116260 A1 DE4116260 A1 DE 4116260A1
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
mold release
release agent
compounds
agent according
mold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE4116260A
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English (en)
Inventor
Takashi Hanano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hanano Commercial Co
Original Assignee
Hanano Commercial Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hanano Commercial Co filed Critical Hanano Commercial Co
Publication of DE4116260A1 publication Critical patent/DE4116260A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M111/04Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C3/00Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Formentrennmittel, welches bei einem Nieder­ druckgußverfahren an die Innenfläche der Preßform gesprüht wird.
Niederdruckgußverfahren werden in grobem Maße zur Herstellung ver­ schiedener Fahrzeugteile und elektrischer Teile angewandt, weil sich mit diesen Verfahren Gußteile mit hoher Präzision kontinuierlich und in groben Stückzahlen produzieren lassen. Bei diesen Niederdruckgußver­ fahren wird ein Formentrennmittel verwendet, das einerseits den di­ rekten Kontakt, das heißt ein Festfressen zwischen der Form und dem schmelzflüssigen Metall verhindert und zum anderen das Herauslösen des Gußteils aus der Form erleichtert.
Die für Niederdruckgußverfahren verwendeten Formentrennmittel lassen sich in zwei Hauptgruppen unterteilen, nämlich in die Gruppe der wasserlöslichen und die Gruppe der wasserunlöslichen Formentrennmit­ tel. Dabei sind letztere, was die Sicherheit anbelangt, problematisch, weil die Gefahr der Rauchbildung und Entzündung relativ groß ist. Aus diesem Grunde verwendet man häufig die wasserunlöslichen Formen­ trennmittel, der Basisbestandteile Wasser, Mineralöl etc. sind und denen zur Verwendung als oberflächenaktive Mittel oder Hochdruckmittel Sili­ konöl, synthetisches oder natürliches Wachs, Fette und Öle, Fett­ säureester etc. beigemengt wird.
Der Fortschritt, der in den letzten Jahren auf dem Gebiet der Nieder­ druckgußverfahren erzielt wurde, ist verbunden mit einem Bedarf an Formentrennmitteln erhöht, die dazu beitragen, bei besserer Verarbeit­ barkeit Produkte mit hoher Qualität herstellen zu können, was mit was­ serlöslichen Formentrennmitteln aber nicht möglich ist, da gerade we­ gen ihrer Wasserlöslichkelt die Temperatursteuerung schwierig und die Gefahr groß ist, daß durch Restwasser im Inneren der Produkte Defekte entstehen. Hinzu kommt, daß zur Vermeidung von Wasserverschmutzung das Abwasser in teueren Anlagen gereinigt und behandelt werden muß.
Damit liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Formentrennmittel für Niederdruckgußverfahren zur Verfügung zu stellen, das bei besse­ rer Bearbeitbarkeit die umweltfreundliche Herstellung von Gußproduk­ ten hoher Qualität erlaubt und dabei das Festfressen zwischen Metall und Gußform sowie das Entstehen von Defekten im Inneren des Pro­ dukts zuverlässig verhindert, das Herauslösen des Produkts aus der Form erleichtert sowie während des Formverfahrens eine Gasbildung und nach dem Formverfahren eine Wasserverschmutzung verhindert.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Gegenstand nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 erfindungsgemäß durch dessen kennzeichnende Merkmale gelöst.
Dazu weist das erfindungsgemäße pulverförmige Formentrennmittel, das bei Niederdruckgußverfahren an die Innenflächen der Form gesprüht wird, ein Gemisch aus einem pulverförmigen oder granulierten Basismaterial auf, das zusammengesetzt ist aus einer als Schmiermittel in fester Form verwendeten anorganischen Verbindung und einer organischen Verbindung, die dem Basismaterial eine haftende Eigenschaft verleiht, wobei beide Verbindungen pulverisiert oder granuliert sind oder aber das Basismaterial für das Formentrennmittel mit der organischen Ver­ bindung beschichtet ist.
Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsformen.
Das bedeutendste Merkmal der Erfindung liegt in der pulverförmigen oder gekörnten bzw. granulierten Beschaffenheit des Basismaterials für das Formentrennmittel.
Am wirksamsten ist es, wenn der Anteil der organischen Verbindung in Relation zur anorganischen Verbindung in einem Bereich von 0,1 bis 45 Gewichtsprozent liegt, da die Haftwirkung der anorganischen Verbin­ dung an der Innenfläche der Metallform nicht ausreicht, wenn der An­ teil kleiner ist als 0,1 Gewichtsprozent. Ist der Anteil dagegen größer als 45 Gewichtsprozent, dann kommt es zu einer Schrumpfung und ver­ bunden damit zu Schwierigkeiten beim Lösen des Formentrennmittels von der Innenfläche der Metallform, das heißt zu einer verringerten Wir­ kung des Formentrennmittels beim Loslösen der Form oder zu einer Verschlechterung der Maßgenauigkeit des Produkts.
Was das Basismaterial für das erfindungsgemäße Formentrennmittel an­ belangt, so gibt es keine Einschränkungen, vorausgesetzt, daß es aus einer festen anorganischen Verbindung besteht, die als Schmiermittel verwendet wird.
Dafür werden im allgemeinen Bornitrid, Mika, Metalloxide, Siliziumnitrid, Schwefelverbindungen, Fluorid, Talk, Boronverbindungen und Phos­ phorverbindungen bevorzugt verwendet. Es können aber auch die gängigen Festschmierstoffe, die man bisher als Formentrennmittel ver­ wendet hat, wie zum Beispiel Molybdänsulfid, Graphit etc. verwendet werden. Diese anorganischen Verbindungen haben pulverige oder ge­ körnte Form, und es wird entweder nur eine Art oder aber mehrere Arten derselben in kombinierter Form verwendet.
Es gibt auch keine Einschränkungen hinsichtlich der in vorliegender Erfindung verwendeten organischen Verbindungen, vorausgesetzt, daß ihre charakteristischen Merkmale so sind, daß sie den vorgenannten organischen Verbindungen eine haftende oder klebende Eigenschaft verleihen. Im allgemeinen werden dafür Metallseife oder hochmolekulare Verbindungen bevorzugt verwendet. Eine Karbonsäurekonstruktion in Verbindung mit Natrium, Kalzium, Barium, Lithium, Kalium, Magnesium oder Zink wird für die Metallseife und Polyäthylen, Polypropylen, Epoxidharz, Silikonharz, Phenolharz, Acrylharz, Alkydharz oder Polystyrol vorzugsweise für die hochmolekulare Verbindung verwendet. Diese or­ ganischen Verbindungen werden mit dem Basismaterial des For­ mentrennmittels entweder in pulverisierter oder granulierter Form oder im erwärmten, geschmolzenen Zustand vermischt. Folglich wird bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Formentrennmittel sowohl dessen Basismaterial als auch die organische Verbindung in pulverisierte oder granulierte Form gebracht, oder aber das Basismaterial wird mit der organischen Verbin­ dung beschichtet. Dabei wird entweder eine Art der vorgenannten or­ ganischen Verbindungen verwendet, oder aber man verwendet mehrere Arten davon in kombinierter Form. Es kann auch eine Kombination aus Metallseife und der hochmolekularen Verbindung verwendet werden.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen pulverförmigen Formentrennmittel für Nie­ derdruckgußverfahren hat das Basismaterial des Formentrennmittels zu­ mindest pulverförmige oder granulierte Beschaffenheit, derart, daß das Gußprodukt zumindest um den Partikeldurchmesser des Pulverteilchens oder Körnchens des Trennmittels zuverlässig von der Innenfläche der Metallform getrennt ist, und zwar in dem Bereich der Form, in dem das Formentrennmittel an der Innenfläche der Gußform haftet. Das Formen­ trennmittel haftet gleichmäßig an der gesamten Innenfläche der Metall­ form, so daß sich ein Festfressen aufgrund eines direkten Kontakts des Produkts mit der Innenfläche der Form zuverlässig verhindern läßt. Da das erfindungsgemäße Formentrennmittel aus der organischen Verbin­ dung und der anorganischen Verbindung besteht und kein Wasser ent­ hält, entstehen auch keine ansonsten durch Restwasser verursachte Defekte im Inneren des Produkts. Demzufolge läßt sich mit vorliegender Erfindung auch die Qualität der Gußprodukte verbessern.
Hinzu kommt, daß durch die pulverförmige oder granulierte Beschaffen­ heit des Basismaterials des erfindungsgemäßen Trennmittels und durch die Tatsache, daß dieses kein Wasser enthält, die zwischen der Innenfläche der Metallform und dem Produkt arbeitende Spannung gering ist, weshalb sich das Herausnehmen des Produkts aus der Metallform relativ leicht und problemlos gestaltet. Das Formentrennmittel selbst läßt sich sehr einfach von der Innenfläche der Metallform und der Oberfläche des Produkts entfernen.
Dadurch, daß das erfindungsgemäße Formentrennmittel zumindest pulverisierte oder gekörnte bzw. granulierte Form aufweist, ist das Material reaktionsarm und bildet selbst dann kaum Gas, wenn es während des Niederdruckgußverfahrens unter Wärmeeinwirkung steht. Im Gegensatz zu wasserlöslichen Formentrennmitteln wird durch das vorliegende Mit­ tel das Wasser nach dem Formverfahren nicht verschmutzt, wodurch Umweltfreundlichkeit gegeben ist und teuere Reinigungsmaßnahmen nicht erforderlich sind.
Das eine aus einer organischen und anorganischen Verbindung zusam­ mengesetzte Mischung als Basismaterial enthaltende Formentrennmittel ist dergestalt, daß zumindest das Basismaterial pulverisierte oder gra­ nulierte Beschaffenheit zeigt. Dadurch kann bei Gußteilen, die in einem Niederdruckgußverfahren hergestellt werden, zum Beispiel Aluminium- und Zinklegierungen etc., ein Festfressen zwischen Gußteil und Metall­ form zuverlässig verhindert werden. Auch Defekte im Inneren des Pro­ dukts werden verhindert, was sich in einer besseren Gußqualität und in einer besseren Bearbeitbarkelt des Produkts in Niederdruckgußver­ fahren äußert, und es kommt weder vor noch nach Durchführung des Verfahrens zu einer Umweltverschmutzung. Speziell die Qualität der Gußprodukte läßt sich dadurch verbessern, daß der Gehalt bzw. Anteil der organischen Verbindung in Relation zur anorganischen Verbindung zwischen 0,1 und 45 Gewichtsprozent beträgt.
Der vorgenannte Effekt läßt sich noch weiter verbessern, wenn Bornitrid, Mika, Metalloxide, Siliziumnitrid, Schwefelverbindungen, Fluorid, Talk, Boronverbindungen oder Phosphorverbindungen für die anorgani­ sche Verbindung verwendet werden und wenn Metallseife, die die Kar­ bonsäurekonstruktion in Verbindung mit Natrium, Kalzium, Barium, Lithium, Kalium, Magnesium oder Zink aufweist, oder die hochmolekulare Verbindung wie Polyäthylen, Polypropylen, Epoxidharz, Phenolharz, Acrylatharz, Alkydharz oder Polystyrol für die organische Verbindung verwendet werden. Und diejenigen Formentrennmittel, die für die ver­ schiedensten Formverfahren am besten geeignet sind, lassen sich her­ stellen aus jeweils zwei oder mehreren der vorgenannten organischen und anorganischen Verbindungen in kombinierter Form.
Es wurden die nachfolgenden Formentrennmittel (A) bis (E) hergestellt und bei Niederdruckgußverfahren testweise verwendet. Die Ergebnisse aus diesem Vergleich sind in der nachfolgenden Tabelle enthalten.
Zwei Arten eines Gemisches, nämlich einerseits ein Gemisch aus einer organischen Verbindung und einer anorganischen Verbindung im pulve­ risierten oder granulierten Zustand und andererseits ein Gemisch aus einer organischen Verbindung und einer anorganischen Verbindung im erwärmten, geschmolzenen Zustand wurden für die Ausführungsformen (A) bis (C) der vorliegenden Erfindung hergestellt.
Die beiden Gemischarten wurden getestet und erzielten jeweils die glei­ chen Ergebnisse. Die für die Formentrennmittel (CD) bis (E) verwendeten Verbindungen sind auf dem Markt erhältliche.
  • A) Die erste Ausführungsform enthält eine Mischung aus 95 Teilen Bornitrid (durchschnittliche Teilchengröße 1 bis 5 Mikron) und 5 Teile Kalziumstearat.
  • B) Die zweite Ausführungsform enthält eine Mischung aus 20 Teilen Bornitrid, 75 Teilen Mika und 5 Teilen Polyäthylen.
  • C) Die dritte Ausführungsform enthält eine Mischung aus 50 Teilen Bornitrid, 45 Teilen Siliziumnitrid, 3 Teilen Bariumstearat und 2 Teilen Polypropylen.
  • D) Nur Bornitrid (zum Vergleich mit der ersten Ausführungsform).
  • E) Ein wasserlösliches Formentrennmittel, das als Hauptbestandteile Wachs und Silikonöl in einem Verhaltnis von 1:80 enthält (zum Vergleich mit der zweiten Ausführungsform).
Tabelle

Claims (6)

1. Pulverförmiges Formentrennmittel, welches bei einem Niederdruck­ gußverfahren an die Innenfläche der Gußform gesprüht wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das pulverförmige Formentrennmittel eine Mischung aus einem pulverisierten oder granulierten Basismaterial enthält, wel­ ches wiederum zusammengesetzt ist aus einer anorganischen Verbin­ dung, die als Schmiermittel in fester Form verwendet wird, und aus ei­ ner organischen Verbindung, die dem Basismaterial des Formentrenn­ mittels eine haftende Eigenschaft verleiht, wobei beide Verbindungen pulverisierte oder granulierte Form aufweisen oder das Basismaterial mit der organischen Verbindung beschichtet ist.
2. Formentrennmittel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieses die organische Verbindung mit einem Anteil von 0,1 bis 45 Gewichtsprozent in Relation zur anorganischen Verbindung enthält.
3. Formentrennmittel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich­ net, daß die anorganische Verbindung einen oder mehrere aus den Stoffen Bornitrid, Siliziumnitrid, Mika, Metalloxide, Schwefelverbindun­ gen, Fluorid, Talk, Boronverbindungen und Phosphorverbindungen ent­ hält.
4. Formentrennmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch ge­ kennzeichnet, daß die organische Verbindung eine oder mehrere Arten von Metallseife und/oder hochmolekularen Verbindungen enthält.
5. Formentrennmittel nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metailselfe eine mit Natrium, Kalzium, Barium, Lithium, Kalium, Ma­ gnesium oder Zink gebundene Karboxylsäuregruppe aufweist.
6. Formentrennmittel nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeich­ net, daß die hochmolekulare Verbindung Polyäthylen, Polypropylen, Epoxidharz, Silikonharz, Phenolharz, Acrylatharz, Alkydharz oder Poly­ styrol aufweist.
DE4116260A 1991-03-06 1991-05-17 Pulverfoermiges formentrennmittel fuer ein niederdruckgussverfahren Ceased DE4116260A1 (de)

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JPH0759346B2 (ja) 1995-06-28
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GB2253408A (en) 1992-09-09
JPH04279244A (ja) 1992-10-05
CA2041503A1 (en) 1992-09-07

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