DE3917726C2 - Formentrennmittel für Druckgußverfahren - Google Patents

Formentrennmittel für Druckgußverfahren

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Publication number
DE3917726C2
DE3917726C2 DE3917726A DE3917726A DE3917726C2 DE 3917726 C2 DE3917726 C2 DE 3917726C2 DE 3917726 A DE3917726 A DE 3917726A DE 3917726 A DE3917726 A DE 3917726A DE 3917726 C2 DE3917726 C2 DE 3917726C2
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DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
release agent
mold release
die casting
resin
mold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
DE3917726A
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English (en)
Other versions
DE3917726A1 (de
Inventor
Takashi Hanano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hanano Commercial Co
Original Assignee
Hanano Commercial Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hanano Commercial Co filed Critical Hanano Commercial Co
Publication of DE3917726A1 publication Critical patent/DE3917726A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3917726C2 publication Critical patent/DE3917726C2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein pulverförmiges Formentrennmittel für Druckgußverfahren, das auf die Innenflächen der Gießformen bzw. Kokillen aufgebracht wird.
Zahlreiche Teile in der Automobil- und Elektroindustrie werden in Druckgußverfahren hergestellt, weil diese sowohl hohe Präzision als auch Massenproduktion in einem kontinuierlichen Prozeß erlauben. Bei diesen Druckgußverfahren wird ein Formentrennmittel benötigt, damit einerseits ein Verschmelzen der Form mit dem schmelzflüssigen Metall verhindert und andererseits das Produkt leichter aus der Form entfernt werden kann.
Beim Druckguß verwendete Formentrennmittel werden im allgemeinen in zwei Hauptgruppen unterteilt, nämlich zum einen in die Gruppe der wasserlöslichen Formentrennmittel und zum anderen in die Gruppe der wasserunlöslichen Formentrennmittel, wobei letztere insofern problembehaftet sind, als sie aufgrund von Rauchbildung und Entzündlichkeit relativ gefährlich sind. Es werden also häufiger die wasserunlöslichen Trennmittel verwendet, deren Grundstoffe Wasser, Mineralöl usw. sind und denen man als oberflächenaktive Mittel, oder als extrem hohen Druck erzeugende Mittel, Silikonöl, synthetisches oder natürliches Wachs, Fette, Öle, Fettsäureester usw. beimengt.
Mit der Weiterentwicklung der Druckgußtechnologie in den letzten Jahren hat sich im Rahmen der Herstellung von Produkten hoher Qualität und besserer Bearbeitbarkeit auch ein größerer Bedarf an Formentrennmitteln eingestellt, dem man allerdings bisher mit wasserlöslichen Formentrennmitteln nicht gerecht werden konnte, weil sich einerseits eben aufgrund der Wasserlöslichkeit die Regulierung der Gesenktemperatur sehr schwierig gestaltet und auch die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Defekten innerhalb des Produkts aufgrund von Wasserrückständen sehr groß ist. Ein zusätzliches Problem stellt sich durch die Wasserverschmutzung, die nur dadurch verhindert werden kann, daß das Abwasser in teuren fabrikeigenen Anlagen gereinigt wird.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Formentrennmittel zur Verfügung zu stellen, das ein Verschmelzen des Produkts mit der Gießform sowie innere Defekte des Produkts zuverlässig verhindert, das ein leichtes Herausnehmen der Gußteile aus der Gießform erlaubt, während des Gießvorgangs keine Gasbildung und nach dem Gießvorgang keine Wasserverschmutzung verursacht und sich nach Gebrauch leicht von den Forminnenseiten und den Gußteilen entfernen läßt. Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Gegenstand nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 erfindungsgemäß durch dessen kennzeichnende Merkmale gelöst.
Dazu besteht das erfindungsgemäße Formentrennmittel aus einer Mischung pulverförmigen oder granulierten Grundstoffes, der zusammengesetzt ist aus einer anorganischen Verbindung, wie sie auch für Festschmierstoffe verwendet wird, und einer organischenVerbindung, die dem Grundstoff eine haftende Eigenschaft verleiht. Beide Verbindungen sind als Pulver oder Granulat vorgesehen, derart, daß die organische Verbindung als Schicht auf den Grundstoff aufgebracht wird.
Das wesentlichste Merkmal der Erfindung ist allerdings die pulverförmige oder körnige Beschaffenheit des Grundstoffes.
Im Rahmen größtmöglicher Wirksamkeit beträgt der Anteil der organischen Verbindung in Relation zur anorganischen Verbindung 0,1 bis 45 Gewichtsprozent. Der Grund dafür ist, daß die Haftung der anorganischen Verbindung an den Innenflächen der Metallformen nicht gut genug ist, wenn der Anteil weniger als 0,1 Gewichtsprozent beträgt, und es kommt zu einem Zusammenbacken od. dgl. Aufbau, der das Lösen des Trennmittels von den Innenseiten der Metallform erschwert, d. h. die Ablösbarkeit oder die Maßgenauigkeit des Produkts für den Fall verschlechtert, wenn der Anteil größer ist als 45 Gewichtsprozent.
Was bei vorliegender Erfindung die Verwendung des Grundstoffes für das Formentrennmittel anbelangt, ist der Grundstoff aus einer festen anorganischen Verbindung, wie sie für Schmierstoffe verwendet wird, gebildet, und zwar aus der Gruppe aus Bornitrid, Glimmer, Metalloxid, Siliziumnitrid, Molybdändisulfid, Graphit. Diese anorganischen Verbindungen sind von pulverförmiger oder körniger Beschaffenheit. Verwendet wird entweder nur eine Art alleine oder aber eine Kombination aus mehreren Arten dieser Verbindungen.
Für die Verwendung organischer Verbindungen für vorliegende Erfindung ist die Voraussetzung zu erfüllen, daß sie den anorganischen Verbindungen eine haftende Eigenschaft verleihen. Es werden für diesen Zweck eine metallische Seife oder eine hochmolekulare Verbindung verwendet, und zwar für die erstere ein Karbonsäure-Salz mit Natrium, Calcium, Barium, Lithium, Kalium, Magnesium oder Zink und für letztere Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Epoxidharz, Silikonharz, Phenolharz, Acrylharz, Alkydharz oder Polystyrol. Die organische Verbindung wird als Schicht auf den pulverförmigen oder granularen Grundstoff des Formentrennmittels aufgebracht. Dabei wird entweder nur eine der organischen Verbindungen alleine verwendet oder aber es werden zwei oder mehrere der Verbindungen miteinander kombiniert. Es kann auch eine Kombination aus Metallseife und hochmolekularer Verbindung verwendet werden.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Formtrennmittel für Druckgußverfahren weist zumindest der Grundstoff bzw. das Ausgangsmaterial für das Trennmittel eine pulverförmige oder gekörnte Beschaffenheit auf, so daß das Gußteil zuverlässig von der Innenfläche der Gießform getrennt werden kann, und zwar durch den Partikeldurchmesser des Pulvers oder Granulats des Grundstoffes des Trennmittels in dem Teil der Innenfläche der Metallform, in dem das Formentrennmittel anhaftet. Demzufolge haftet das Formentrennmittel gleichmäßig an der gesamten Innenfläche der Metallform, so daß sich also eine Verschmelzung durch den direkten Kontakt des Produkts mit der Innenfläche der Metallform zuverlässig verhindern läßt. Da das erfindungsgemäße Formentrennmittel darüber hinaus aus der organischen und der anorganischen Verbindung gebildet ist und keinen Wassergehalt aufweist, sind auch Fehler aufgrund von Wasserrückständen innerhalb des Produkts ausgeschlossen. Dadurch wird die Qualität des Produkts verbessert.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Formentrennmittel ist der Grundstoff für das Trennmittel zumindest von pulverförmiger oder gekörnter Beschaffenheit und enthält kein Wasser, so daß die zwischen der Innenfläche der Metallform und dem Produkt arbeitende Spannung nur schwach ist. Dadurch gestaltet sich das Entfernen des Gußteils aus der Form entsprechend einfach, ebenso wie das Entfernen des Trennmittels von den Innenflächen der Metallform und von der Außenfläche des Produkts.
Durch die pulverförmige oder gekörnte Beschaffenheit des Grundstoffes des erfindungsgemäßen Trennmittels ist dieses zudem reaktionsarm und bildet selbst dann kaum Gase, wenn es während des Druckgußverfahrens hohen Temperaturen ausgesetzt ist. Im Gegensatz zu wasserlöslichen Trennmitteln verursacht das erfindungsgemäße Formentrennmittel nach dem Gießverfahren auch keine Wasserverschmutzung, was einerseits dem Umweltschutz zugute kommt und andererseits Kosten sparen hilft, weil teure Abwasser-Reinigungsanlagen nicht benötigt werden.
Da bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Formentrennmittel zumindest der Grundstoff bzw. das Ausgangsmaterial pulverförmige oder gekörnte Beschaffenheit zeigt, wird z. B. bei Teilen aus einer Aluminium- oder Zinklegierung, die im Druckgußverfahren hergestellt werden, ein Festfressen an der Gießform verhindert, und es werden auch innere Defekte ausgeschlossen. Dadurch wird eine gute Qualität der Gußteile bei guter Ausführbarkeit des Druckgußverfahrens erreicht. Eine Beeinträchtigung der Umgebung durch das Formtrennmittel kann vor und nach dessen Gebrauch völlig vermieden werden. Eine besonders gute Qualität der Gußteile erreicht man, wenn der Anteil der organischen Verbindung in Relation zur anorganischen Verbindung in einem Bereich von 1,0 bis 45 Gewichtsprozent gewählt wird.
Der vorgenannte Effekt läßt sich noch verstärken, indem Bornitrid, Glimmer, Metalloxid oder Siliziumnitrid als anorganische Verbindung und Metallseife, die Karbonsäure mit Natrium, Calcium, Barium, Lithium, Kalium, Magnesium oder Zink umfaßt, oder eine hochmolekulare Verbindung wie Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Epoxidharz, Silikonharz, Phenolharz, Acrylharz, Alkydharz oder Polystyrol als organische Verbindung verwendet werden. Die für die jeweiligen Druckgußverfahren am besten geeigneten Trennmittel erreicht man durch Verwendung einer Kombination aus zwei oder mehreren der genannten organischen bzw. anorganischen Verbindungen.
Verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend beschrieben.
Es wurden die folgenden Formentrennmittel (A) bis (E) hergestellt und zu Testzwecken bei Druckgußverfahren verwendet. Das Ergebnis der Prüfung und des Vergleiches der einzelnen Mittel zeigt die umseitige Tabelle.
Die erste Ausführungsform (A) entspricht einem Gemisch aus 95 Teilen Bornitrid (durchschnittliche Partikelgröße 1 bis 5 µm) und 5 Teilen Kalziumstearat.
Die zweite Ausführungsform (B) entspricht einem Gemisch aus 20 Teilen Bornitrid, 75 Teilen Glimmer und 5 Teilen Polyethylen.
Die dritte Ausführungsform (C) entspricht einem Gemisch aus 50 Teilen Bornitrid, 45 Teilen Siliziumnitrid, 3 Teilen Bariumstearat und 2 Teilen Polypropylen.
Bei (D) handelt es sich um Bornitrid alleine (Vergleich mit Ausführungsform 1).
Bei (E) handelt es sich um ein wasserlösliches Formentrennmittel, das als Hauptbestandteile Wachs und Silikonöl in einem Verhältnis von 1 : 80 enthält (Vergleich mit Ausführungsform 2).
Tabelle

Claims (2)

1. Formentrennmittel für Druckgußverfahren, gekennzeichnet durch eine granulat- oder pulverförmige Mischung aus
einem der folgenden Gruppe zugehörenden Schmierstoff: Bornitrid, Siliziumnitrid, Molybdändisulfid, Graphit, Glimmer, Metalloxid,
einem der folgenden Gruppe zugehörenden organischen Polymer: Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polystyrol, Epoxyharz, Silikonharz, Phenolharz, Acrylatharz, Alkydharz, und/oder
einer Metallseife; wobei der Schmierstoff von dem organischen Polymer und/oder der Metallseife mit einem Anteil von 0,1 bis 45 Gewichtsprozent umhüllt ist.
2. Formentrennmittel für Druckgußverfahren nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine Metallseife in Form eines Salzes einer Karbonsäure mit einem der folgenden Elemente: Natrium, Calcium, Barium, Lithium, Kalium, Magnesium, Zink.
DE3917726A 1989-01-13 1989-05-31 Formentrennmittel für Druckgußverfahren Expired - Lifetime DE3917726C2 (de)

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JP713589 1989-01-13
JP1044339A JPH069730B2 (ja) 1989-01-13 1989-02-23 ダイカスト用粉末離型剤

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DE3917726A1 DE3917726A1 (de) 1990-07-19
DE3917726C2 true DE3917726C2 (de) 1994-07-07

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JP (1) JPH069730B2 (de)
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HK (1) HK122695A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE10326769B3 (de) * 2003-06-13 2004-11-11 Esk Ceramics Gmbh & Co. Kg Dauerhafte BN-Formtrennschichten für das Druckgießen von Nichteisenmetallen
DE102005018614A1 (de) * 2005-04-21 2006-10-26 Emil Müller GmbH Wasserlösliche Salzkerne

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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US5039435A (en) 1991-08-13
HK122695A (en) 1995-08-04
DE3917726A1 (de) 1990-07-19
JPH069730B2 (ja) 1994-02-09
CA1335315C (en) 1995-04-18
GB2227022B (en) 1992-11-04
GB8918078D0 (en) 1989-09-20
JPH03243242A (ja) 1991-10-30
GB2227022A (en) 1990-07-18

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