DE3783520D1 - Beschichteter, gesinterter, mit whiskern verstaerkter keramikkoerper. - Google Patents

Beschichteter, gesinterter, mit whiskern verstaerkter keramikkoerper.

Info

Publication number
DE3783520D1
DE3783520D1 DE8787850197T DE3783520T DE3783520D1 DE 3783520 D1 DE3783520 D1 DE 3783520D1 DE 8787850197 T DE8787850197 T DE 8787850197T DE 3783520 T DE3783520 T DE 3783520T DE 3783520 D1 DE3783520 D1 DE 3783520D1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
sintered
coated
ceramic body
reinforced ceramic
whisker reinforced
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE8787850197T
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE3783520T2 (de
Inventor
Rolf Hakan Engstroem
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sandvik AB
Original Assignee
Sandvik AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sandvik AB filed Critical Sandvik AB
Publication of DE3783520D1 publication Critical patent/DE3783520D1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3783520T2 publication Critical patent/DE3783520T2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/148—Composition of the cutting inserts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
    • C04B35/117—Composites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
    • C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
    • C04B35/488—Composites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/62844—Coating fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/62897—Coatings characterised by their thickness
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/4584—Coating or impregnating of particulate or fibrous ceramic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/5025—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/87—Ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23B2228/61—Materials comprising whiskers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C04B2235/522—Oxidic
    • C04B2235/5224—Alumina or aluminates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C04B2235/522—Oxidic
    • C04B2235/5236—Zirconia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C04B2235/524—Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5208—Fibers
    • C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
    • C04B2235/524—Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
    • C04B2235/5244—Silicon carbide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
    • C04B2235/5276—Whiskers, spindles, needles or pins

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
DE8787850197T 1986-06-19 1987-06-16 Beschichteter, gesinterter, mit whiskern verstaerkter keramikkoerper. Expired - Fee Related DE3783520T2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8602750A SE8602750D0 (sv) 1986-06-19 1986-06-19 Skiktbelagd keramisk sinterkropp

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3783520D1 true DE3783520D1 (de) 1993-02-25
DE3783520T2 DE3783520T2 (de) 1993-09-09

Family

ID=20364868

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE8787850197T Expired - Fee Related DE3783520T2 (de) 1986-06-19 1987-06-16 Beschichteter, gesinterter, mit whiskern verstaerkter keramikkoerper.

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0252046B1 (de)
JP (2) JPS6345190A (de)
DE (1) DE3783520T2 (de)
SE (1) SE8602750D0 (de)

Families Citing this family (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1989008088A1 (en) * 1988-02-26 1989-09-08 Allied-Signal Inc. Fully dense alumina ceramic composite reinforced by surface-zirconated alumina fibers
US4962070A (en) * 1985-10-31 1990-10-09 Sullivan Thomas M Non-porous metal-oxide coated carbonaceous fibers and applications in ceramic matrices
US6447896B1 (en) * 1986-05-05 2002-09-10 Greenleaf Technology Corporation Coated reinforced ceramic cutting tools
JP2604155B2 (ja) * 1986-05-28 1997-04-30 日本特殊陶業株式会社 被覆層を有するセラミックス工具
SE8701172D0 (sv) * 1987-03-20 1987-03-20 Sandvik Ab Whiskerforsterkt keramiskt skerverktyg
US4852999A (en) * 1987-05-28 1989-08-01 Kennametal Inc. Cutting tool
US4925458A (en) * 1987-05-28 1990-05-15 Kennametal Inc. Cutting tool
JPS6428282A (en) * 1987-07-24 1989-01-30 Hitachi Ltd High-strength sintered composite ceramic material having excellent toughness and corrosion resistance and production thereof
US4801510A (en) * 1987-09-02 1989-01-31 Kennametal Inc. Alumina coated silcon carbide whisker-alumina composition
JPH02102171A (ja) * 1988-10-11 1990-04-13 Nichias Corp セラミックス焼成補助具および耐火物
US5024976A (en) * 1988-11-03 1991-06-18 Kennametal Inc. Alumina-zirconia-silicon carbide-magnesia ceramic cutting tools
US4959332A (en) * 1988-11-03 1990-09-25 Kennametal Inc. Alumina-zirconia-carbide whisker reinforced cutting tools
US4965231A (en) * 1988-11-03 1990-10-23 Kennametal Inc. Alumina-zirconia-silicon carbide-magnesia compositions and articles made therefrom
US4960735A (en) * 1988-11-03 1990-10-02 Kennametal Inc. Alumina-zirconia-silicon carbide-magnesia ceramics
US4959331A (en) * 1988-11-03 1990-09-25 Kennametal Inc. Alumina-zirconia-silicon carbide-magnesia cutting tools
US5059564A (en) * 1989-06-05 1991-10-22 Kennametal Inc. Alumina-titanium carbide-silicon carbide composition
US5273833A (en) * 1989-12-20 1993-12-28 The Standard Oil Company Coated reinforcements for high temperature composites and composites made therefrom
US5264297A (en) * 1990-03-09 1993-11-23 Kennametal Inc. Physical vapor deposition of titanium nitride on a nonconductive substrate
JP2704317B2 (ja) * 1990-03-09 1998-01-26 ケンナメタル インコーポレイテツド 窒化チタニウムの非電導体基板上への物理的蒸着
JPH0681713B2 (ja) * 1990-04-05 1994-10-19 三井造船株式会社 断熱材
US5306565A (en) * 1990-09-18 1994-04-26 Norton Company High temperature ceramic composite
US5376466A (en) * 1991-10-17 1994-12-27 Mitsubishi Materials Corporation Cermet blade member
JPH07126077A (ja) * 1994-04-13 1995-05-16 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd ウイスカー含有セラミックス成形体の製造方法、被覆方法及びセラミックス工具の製造方法
DE19928173A1 (de) * 1999-06-19 2000-12-21 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Beschichtung zur Verminderung der Erosion an thermisch hochbelasteten Oberflächen aus faserverstärkter Keramik und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
US7291407B2 (en) 2002-09-06 2007-11-06 Siemens Power Generation, Inc. Ceramic material having ceramic matrix composite backing and method of manufacturing
SE527809C2 (sv) * 2004-06-21 2006-06-13 Sandvik Intellectual Property Stödlister för borrhuvuden
SE529144C2 (sv) 2005-04-18 2007-05-15 Sandvik Intellectual Property Skär belagt med kompositoxidskikt

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5913475B2 (ja) * 1978-12-19 1984-03-29 日本特殊陶業株式会社 セラミツク・スロ−アウエイチツプとその製造法
JPS56155080A (en) * 1980-04-30 1981-12-01 Sumitomo Electric Industries Coated cutting tool
JPS57145088A (en) * 1981-02-27 1982-09-07 Hitachi Metals Ltd Clad ceramic tool
CA1211323A (en) * 1982-05-20 1986-09-16 Vinod K. Sarin Coated silicon nitride cutting tools
JPS59128273A (ja) * 1982-12-30 1984-07-24 三菱重工業株式会社 複合セラミツク
EP0113660B1 (de) * 1983-01-10 1991-03-27 NGK Spark Plug Co. Ltd. Schneidwerkzeug auf Nitridbasis
JPS60122786A (ja) * 1983-12-07 1985-07-01 日本特殊陶業株式会社 高靭性被覆セラミック工具
JPS60145978A (ja) * 1983-12-30 1985-08-01 住友電気工業株式会社 被覆硬質体及びその製造方法
JPS60186491A (ja) * 1984-03-07 1985-09-21 株式会社東芝 窒化ケイ素質焼結体
SE451581B (sv) * 1984-04-06 1987-10-19 Sandvik Ab Keramiskt material huvudsakligen baserat pa kiselnitrid, aluminiumnitrid och aluminiumoxid
JPS6126581A (ja) * 1984-07-16 1986-02-05 住友電気工業株式会社 セラミツクス切削工具又は耐磨工具の製造方法
JPS61121120A (ja) * 1984-11-16 1986-06-09 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 警報装置付デ−タ処理装置
JPS61123506A (ja) * 1984-11-21 1986-06-11 Inoue Mtp Co Ltd 装飾モ−ルディングの製造方法
JPS6212671A (ja) * 1985-07-10 1987-01-21 株式会社日立製作所 繊維強化セラミツクス
EP0247630B1 (de) * 1986-05-28 1996-01-31 NGK Spark Plug Co. Ltd. Material für Schneidvorrichtungen, dessen Anwendung und Schneidvorrichtungen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0252046A3 (en) 1989-07-26
JPH0551558B2 (de) 1993-08-02
SE8602750D0 (sv) 1986-06-19
EP0252046A2 (de) 1988-01-07
JPH07165479A (ja) 1995-06-27
EP0252046B1 (de) 1993-01-13
DE3783520T2 (de) 1993-09-09
JPS6345190A (ja) 1988-02-26

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