DE3721441C1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Apatits mit daran immobilisierter Glucanase und nach dem Verfahren hergestellte Apatite - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Apatits mit daran immobilisierter Glucanase und nach dem Verfahren hergestellte ApatiteInfo
- Publication number
- DE3721441C1 DE3721441C1 DE3721441A DE3721441A DE3721441C1 DE 3721441 C1 DE3721441 C1 DE 3721441C1 DE 3721441 A DE3721441 A DE 3721441A DE 3721441 A DE3721441 A DE 3721441A DE 3721441 C1 DE3721441 C1 DE 3721441C1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- apatite
- protein
- glucanase
- immobilized
- glutaraldehyde
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 108010014251 Muramidase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 102000016943 Muramidase Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 108010062010 N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 46
- 108010001682 Dextranase Proteins 0.000 abstract description 21
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 abstract description 21
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 14
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 abstract description 14
- 108010000165 exo-1,3-alpha-glucanase Proteins 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052587 fluorapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 108010005131 levanase Proteins 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229940077441 fluorapatite Drugs 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000551 dentifrice Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229960000274 lysozyme Drugs 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000004325 lysozyme Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000010335 lysozyme Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 abstract description 3
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 abstract description 3
- 102000018832 Cytochromes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108010052832 Cytochromes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008057 potassium phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000011632 Caseins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ULDHMXUKGWMISQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carvone Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CC=C(C)C(=O)C1 ULDHMXUKGWMISQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AIHDCSAXVMAMJH-GFBKWZILSA-N levan Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@](CO)(CO[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@](O)(CO)O2)O)O1 AIHDCSAXVMAMJH-GFBKWZILSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-KXUCPTDWSA-N (-)-Menthol Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-KXUCPTDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005973 Carvone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000002064 Dental Plaque Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010015776 Glucose oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004366 Glucose oxidase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010093096 Immobilized Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012062 aqueous buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 e.g. B. Lävan Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116332 glucose oxidase Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019420 glucose oxidase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008055 phosphate buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/52—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an inorganic compound, e.g. an inorganic ion that is complexed with the active ingredient
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
- A61K8/66—Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/56—Compounds, absorbed onto or entrapped into a solid carrier, e.g. encapsulated perfumes, inclusion compounds, sustained release forms
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61091332A JPS62248487A (ja) | 1986-04-22 | 1986-04-22 | グルカナーゼを固定化したアパタイトおよびその製造法 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3721441C1 true DE3721441C1 (de) | 1988-12-29 |
Family
ID=14023487
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3721441A Expired DE3721441C1 (de) | 1986-04-22 | 1987-06-29 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Apatits mit daran immobilisierter Glucanase und nach dem Verfahren hergestellte Apatite |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62248487A (OSRAM) |
| AU (1) | AU602149B2 (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE3721441C1 (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2617867B1 (OSRAM) |
| GB (1) | GB2206585A (OSRAM) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0477339A4 (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1993-04-21 | The President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Hydroxyapatite-antigen conjugates and methods for generating a poly-ig immune response |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5268174A (en) * | 1988-09-29 | 1993-12-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Sangi | Antimicrobial hydroxyapatite powders containing hinokitiol, protamine or sorbic acid |
| US5009898A (en) * | 1988-09-29 | 1991-04-23 | Kabushiki Kaisha Sangi | Antimicrobial hydroxyapatite powders and methods for preparing them |
| US5041236A (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1991-08-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Antimicrobial methods and compositions employing certain lysozymes and endoglycosidases |
| DK0425016T3 (da) * | 1989-10-27 | 1996-05-06 | Genencor Int | Antimikrobiel fremgangsmåde og formulering med anvendelse af type II endoglycosidase og antimikrobielt middel |
| US5258304A (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1993-11-02 | Genencor International, Inc. | Method of removing microorganisms from surfaces with Type II endoglycosidase |
| US5238843A (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1993-08-24 | Genencor International, Inc. | Method for cleaning a surface on which is bound a glycoside-containing substance |
| KR920702415A (ko) * | 1989-11-01 | 1992-09-04 | 아만 히데아키 | 안정화 고정화 효소 |
| EP0907349B1 (en) | 1996-04-16 | 2002-03-13 | Novozymes A/S | Compositions for the removal of dental plaque |
| US6413501B2 (en) | 1997-10-17 | 2002-07-02 | Novozymes A/S | Plaque-inhibiting oral compositions |
| FR2773170B1 (fr) * | 1997-12-31 | 2000-10-13 | Ase & Bio Soc Civ | Enzymes immobilisees sur un support a base d'alumine, leurs procedes de preparation et leurs applications |
| US20230332124A1 (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2023-10-19 | Novozymes A/S | Oral care composition comprising a fructanase |
| CN112111479A (zh) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-22 | 江苏海洋大学 | 一种右旋糖酐酶与羟基磷灰石复合材料及其制备方法和用途 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LU86030A1 (fr) * | 1984-08-02 | 1986-02-12 | Nabisco Brands Inc | Procede pour maintenir constante l'activite d'une enzyme immobilisee dans un reacteur |
-
1986
- 1986-04-22 JP JP61091332A patent/JPS62248487A/ja active Granted
-
1987
- 1987-06-23 AU AU74601/87A patent/AU602149B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-06-29 DE DE3721441A patent/DE3721441C1/de not_active Expired
- 1987-07-01 GB GB08715448A patent/GB2206585A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-07-10 FR FR878709866A patent/FR2617867B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| NICHTS ERMITTELT * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0477339A4 (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1993-04-21 | The President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Hydroxyapatite-antigen conjugates and methods for generating a poly-ig immune response |
| US5443832A (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1995-08-22 | Institut Swisse De Recherches Experimentales Sur Le Cancer | Hydroxyapatite-antigen conjugates and methods for generating a poly-Ig immune response |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU7460187A (en) | 1989-01-05 |
| GB8715448D0 (en) | 1987-08-05 |
| FR2617867B1 (fr) | 1990-03-09 |
| FR2617867A1 (fr) | 1989-01-13 |
| JPH0441597B2 (OSRAM) | 1992-07-08 |
| JPS62248487A (ja) | 1987-10-29 |
| AU602149B2 (en) | 1990-10-04 |
| GB2206585A (en) | 1989-01-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8100 | Publication of the examined application without publication of unexamined application | ||
| D1 | Grant (no unexamined application published) patent law 81 | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8328 | Change in the person/name/address of the agent |
Free format text: TIEDTKE, H., DIPL.-ING. BUEHLING, G., DIPL.-CHEM. KINNE, R., DIPL.-ING. GRUPE, P., DIPL.-ING. PELLMANN, H., DIPL.-ING. GRAMS, K., DIPL.-ING., PAT.-ANWAELTE, 8000 MUENCHEN |
|
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |