DE3533945C2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE3533945C2 DE3533945C2 DE3533945A DE3533945A DE3533945C2 DE 3533945 C2 DE3533945 C2 DE 3533945C2 DE 3533945 A DE3533945 A DE 3533945A DE 3533945 A DE3533945 A DE 3533945A DE 3533945 C2 DE3533945 C2 DE 3533945C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- formaldehyde
- cement
- styrene
- salt
- product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 104
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- WHRZCXAVMTUTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one Chemical class N1C(=O)N=C2OC=CC2=C1 WHRZCXAVMTUTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical group [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 alkyl naphthalenesulfonic acid Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QIMMUPPBPVKWKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(C)=CC=C21 QIMMUPPBPVKWKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- FOGYNLXERPKEGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(CC(CS(O)(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS(O)(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O FOGYNLXERPKEGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- WODGMMJHSAKKNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylnaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C(C)=CC=C21 WODGMMJHSAKKNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006173 Larrea tridentata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000073231 Larrea tridentata Species 0.000 description 1
- QOSMNYMQXIVWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propyl levulinate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCC(C)=O QOSMNYMQXIVWKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010692 aromatic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002126 creosote Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B24/2664—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid polymers, e.g. maleic anhydride copolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/16—Sulfur-containing compounds
- C04B24/20—Sulfonated aromatic compounds
- C04B24/22—Condensation or polymerisation products thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP20059284A JPS6183662A (ja) | 1984-09-27 | 1984-09-27 | セメント添加剤 |
JP23748484A JPS61117146A (ja) | 1984-11-13 | 1984-11-13 | セメント添加剤 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE3533945A1 DE3533945A1 (de) | 1986-03-27 |
DE3533945C2 true DE3533945C2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1988-12-01 |
Family
ID=26512287
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19853533945 Granted DE3533945A1 (de) | 1984-09-27 | 1985-09-24 | Zementadditivzubereitung |
Country Status (3)
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4964917A (en) * | 1986-08-26 | 1990-10-23 | Sandoz Ltd. | Methods and compositions for reclaiming concrete |
US4700780A (en) * | 1987-03-27 | 1987-10-20 | Halliburton Services | Method of reducing fluid loss in cement compositions which may contain substantial salt concentrations |
JP2541218B2 (ja) * | 1987-05-15 | 1996-10-09 | 日本油脂株式会社 | セメント用添加剤 |
DE3800091A1 (de) * | 1987-08-28 | 1989-07-13 | Sandoz Ag | Copolymere verbindungen, deren herstellung und verwendung |
DE3728786A1 (de) * | 1987-08-28 | 1989-03-09 | Sandoz Ag | Polymere verbindungen, deren herstellung und verwendung |
US5203919A (en) * | 1988-01-14 | 1993-04-20 | Sandoz Ltd. | Method and compositions for stabilizing concrete residues |
US4918113A (en) * | 1988-06-28 | 1990-04-17 | Valvoline Oil & Chemicals Ltd. | Production of plastic foam material |
DE68923176T2 (de) * | 1989-04-17 | 1995-10-26 | Kawasaki Steel Co | Dispergiermittel und zementzusatz. |
JPH038748A (ja) * | 1989-06-05 | 1991-01-16 | Nisso Masutaabirudaazu Kk | コンクリートの急速凝結硬化方法 |
US5350450A (en) * | 1989-06-05 | 1994-09-27 | Sandoz Ltd. | Admixture for concrete mixes |
US5612396A (en) * | 1990-12-29 | 1997-03-18 | Sandoz Ltd. | Copolymers |
CH682237A5 (en) * | 1990-12-29 | 1993-08-13 | Sandoz Ag | Styrene]-maleic acid half-ester copolymer, used as cement additive |
CH686780A5 (de) * | 1992-07-22 | 1996-06-28 | Sandoz Ag | Fliessfaehige Zementmischungen. |
SG52787A1 (en) * | 1993-09-08 | 1999-05-25 | Mbt Holding Ag | Cementitious compositions for layered applications |
GB9421984D0 (en) * | 1994-11-01 | 1994-12-21 | Sandoz Ltd | Improvements in or relating to organic compounds |
US5653797A (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1997-08-05 | National Gypsum Company | Ready mixed setting-type joint compound and method of making same |
CN111560092B (zh) * | 2020-05-14 | 2022-04-19 | 中建西部建设建材科学研究院有限公司 | 一种酚醛改性耐泥聚羧酸减水剂及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3563930A (en) * | 1968-04-01 | 1971-02-16 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Cement composition |
DE2056814C3 (de) * | 1970-11-19 | 1973-09-27 | Chemische Werke Huels Ag, 4370 Marl | Waschmittel mit einem Gehalt an einer Gerustsubstanz |
US3952805A (en) * | 1975-02-27 | 1976-04-27 | Calgon Corporation | Well cementing method using a composition having improved flow properties, containing sulfonated copolymers of styrene-maleic anhydride |
US4126480A (en) * | 1975-12-29 | 1978-11-21 | The Dow Chemical Company | Aqueous suspensions |
JPS5556051A (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1980-04-24 | Sanyo Kokusaku Pulp Co | Slump decrease preventing agent for mortar concrete and workability improvement thereby |
CA1220929A (en) * | 1982-09-13 | 1987-04-28 | S. Richard Turner | Sodium styrene sulfonate-co-sodium-n-(4-sulfophenyl)- maleimide - an improved viscosity control additive |
-
1985
- 1985-08-26 US US06/769,566 patent/US4655838A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-09-09 GB GB08522272A patent/GB2164930B/en not_active Expired
- 1985-09-24 DE DE19853533945 patent/DE3533945A1/de active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4655838A (en) | 1987-04-07 |
DE3533945A1 (de) | 1986-03-27 |
GB8522272D0 (en) | 1985-10-16 |
GB2164930A (en) | 1986-04-03 |
GB2164930B (en) | 1988-03-23 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
D2 | Grant after examination | ||
8363 | Opposition against the patent | ||
8365 | Fully valid after opposition proceedings | ||
8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |