DE3412582A1 - GAS CONVERTER FOR SMOKE GASES FROM A PYROLYSIS OF WASTE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Gas converter for low temperature carbonization gases resulting from pyrolysis of waste materials, comprising a combustion chamber for substoichiometric combustion of the low temperature carbonization gases through the supply of oxygen-containing gases, a vertical chamber having a bed of incandescent solid bodies, a line for supplying the hot, sub-stoichiometrically combusted, low temperature carbonization gases to the chamber, a line for carrying the gases from the chamber after they have passed through the bed of solid bodies, an arrangement for feeding solid bodies to the chamber and an arrangement for discharging solid matter from the chamber, characterized in that the combustion chamber for the substoichiometric combustion of the low temperature carbonization gas is arranged horizontally ; the supply line from the combustion chamber opens into the top part of the vertical chamber at the side ; the vertical chamber is conical, tapering towards the bottom ; the discharge line for the gases after they have passed through the top part of the bed of incandescent solid bodies is arranged in the top part of the chamber ; a discharging arrangement is provided for the continuous removal of the solid bodies from the chamber and a feed arrangement is provided for the continuous supply of fresh solid bodies to the chamber.

Description

KETALLGLSELLSCKAFT April 2, 19 84

Aktiengesellschaft _ 3 - SCKR / KRM (1605P)

6000 Fiankfurt / Kain 1

Prov.-No. 9118 L

Gas converter for Schv: elgase from a pyrolysis of waste materials

The invention relates to a Güswandler for carbonization gases a pyrolysis of waste materials, consisting of a combustion chamber for substoichiometric combustion of the carbonization gases with the supply of oxygen-containing gases / a vertical one Chamber with a bed of glowing solids / a supply line for the hot substoichiometrically burned Smoldering gases into the chamber, uniting / Xleiturig i for the gases the chamber after passage through the bed of the solids, a device for adding the solids into the chamber and a device for discharging the solids from the chamber.

The disposal of organic and inorganic waste materials, such as household waste, industrial waste, old tires, plastic waste, Sewage sludge or the like, in a way that keeps the environmental impact as low as possible, always becomes one more pressing problem.

A process route is that through a smoldering of the waste materials at temperatures of about 300-800 ⁰ C and a solid carbonization Schwelrückstand be generated. The carbonization gases are ansschließend at higher temperatures of about 850 - 1200 cracked ^0C. This takes place through a substoichiometric partial combustion with the supply of oxygen-containing gases and passage of the gases through a glowing bed of solids. The cracked gases are used as fuel gases after cleaning.

From DE-OS 29 27 240 a method is known, Lei which the waste materials are carbonized in an indirectly heated rotating drum at temperatures of 300 to 600 ⁰ C under Luftabschluc. The carbonization residue from the rotating drum containing the carbonization coke formed is transferred to a shaft-shaped gas converter. The carbonization gases are fed from the rotating drum directly into the free, upper part of the gas converter, where they are mixed with preheated air and partially burned. Then they are passed through part of the glowing layer of the smoldering residue in the lower part of the gas converter. From below, air and steam are introduced into the glowing layer of the smoldering residue. The combustion gases are drawn off together with the cracked carbonization gases from a central part of the glowing layer of the carbonization residue. The cracking of the pyrolysis products is carried out at temperatures of 850-1200 ⁰ C. The mixture is then cooled, the mixed gas, cleaned and fed to a use as a combustible gas. The ash produced from the coke is drawn off from the gas converter at the bottom. EP-A-0 026 450 also refers to such a gas converter.

From DE-PS 24 32 504 and DE-OS 25 26 947 a similar method is known, in which, however, the discharged from the rotary drum Smoldering residue is initially sorted into smoldering coke and other solid residues and only the smoldering coke into the Gas converter is charged. If necessary, external coke can also be charged. The smoldering gases are after a Dust removal passed into the gas converter and with the im Fresh air introduced in the lower part of the glowing layer is partially burned. That with the simultaneous burning of Smoldering coke and carbonization gas resulting mixed gas is made from below. peeled off the layer. The ashes are down in a water bath carried out.

From DE-OS 27 32 418 a method is known in which the

Carbonization gases are fed directly into a horizontally arranged gas converter, which consists of a fixed bed made of inert material e.g. contains refractory bricks or porous ceramic material. The solid smoldering residues are recycled, such as Generation of activated carbon or combustion for heating purposes, supplied.

In these processes, aas contains carbonisation gas entering the gas converter, even if it has been previously released by a mechanical gas cleaner, e.g. a cyclone separator, even larger contents of dust particles carried along. Store these in the bed of solids and lead as a result the higher temperatures in the gas converter lead to caking and clumping. This prevents even and optimal gas passage.

The invention is based on the object of creating a gas converter 2U which has a gas passage that is as uniform and optimal as possible made possible by the bed of solids with as little effort as possible.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the combustion chamber for the sub-stoichiometric combustion of the carbonization gas is arranged horizontally, the supply line from the Combustion chamber opens laterally into the upper part of the vertical chamber, the vertical chamber tapers conically downwards is designed, the discharge for the gases after passing through the upper part of the bed of glowing solid bodies is arranged in the upper part of the chamber, solid bodies continuously withdrawn from the outlet device of the chamber and fresh solid bodies are constantly added to the chamber's adding device. The upper part of the. Bed of solids through which the hot, partially burned Smoldering gases flow is chosen so that the desired conversion of the gases is achieved. The necessary The size depends on the composition of the carbonization gases.

gig and can be determined empirically. Under your term "Constant" withdrawal and addition of solids is both to understand a continuous as well as a batch Vogang at certain time intervals. Under "fresh" solids both withdrawn and cleaned solid bodies and new solid bodies are to be understood. New solid bodies are preferably only added in an amount that corresponds to the consumption due to abrasion and removed undersize. The solid bodies are through the hot / partially burned Smoldering gases heated up. Even when using coke or other carbonaceous materials as solid bodies practically no burn-up occurs, or the partially burned smoldering gases contain no free oxygen.

A preferred embodiment consists in that the vertical chamber is designed with a round cross-section. Through this an automatic and even lowering of the bed is achieved.

A preferred embodiment is that the confluence of the supply line of the combustion chamber in the upper part of the vertical Is designed as an annular channel and the discharge for the gas after passage through the upper part of the chamber Bed of glowing solid bodies is arranged in the ceiling of the vertical chamber. The outlet opening of the ring channel is arranged at such a height in the chamber that the overlying bed of solids has a sufficient Height has.

A preferred embodiment is that the confluence the inlet of the combustion chamber in the upper part of the vertical chamber on one side of the chamber and the outlet for the gas are arranged on the opposite side of the chamber, the solid bodies in the upper part of the chamber are arranged between two vertical gas-permeable walls, the gas-permeable vapors at a distance from one another

are arranged, which is smaller than the diameter of the bed of solid bodies in the subsequent part of the chamber and the gas permeable walls extend across the cross section of the upper part of the chamber. The height and thickness of the The bed of solid bodies between the two gas-permeable walls is chosen so that it is sufficient to convert the gas.

A preferred embodiment is that the outlet opening for the solid bodies at the lower end of the vertical chamber is arranged in a water bath. Through this a simple discharge with immediate cooling of the solids is achieved.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to figures.

Fig. 1 is a cross section through a combustion chamber and a Gas converter with an annular channel as the opening for the gas into the chamber.

Figure 2 is a cross-section through a combustor and gas converter with a bed of solids between two gas-permeable plates in the upper part of the chamber.

The horizontal combustion chamber consists of the burner 1 and the combustion chamber 2. Preheated air 3 and carbonization gas 3a are in the Burner 1 directed and partially burned in the combustion chamber 2 substoichiometrically. In FIG. 1, the supply line to the combustion chamber is designed as an annular channel 4 with nozzle stones 5. In Figure 2, the Feed line formed through the outlet opening of the combustion chamber 2. The supply line 4, 4a opens into the upper part of the vertical Chamber 6. The chamber 6 has a round cross-section and is designed to taper conically below the supply line 4, 4a. In the chamber 6 is a bed 7 of solid bodies. The discharge line 8 for the gases after passing through the upper part of the bed 7 of the solid body is in Figure 1 in the ceiling of

Chamber 6 and arranged in Figure 2 opposite the feed line 4a. In FIG. 1 consists of the upper part of the bed 7 from the part which is located above the nozzle stones 5. In Figure 2 are im upper part of the chamber 6 two gas-permeable walls 9, Sa arranged, which extend over the entire cross section of the chamber 6. The walls 9, 9a consist of grate bars, aie at air-cooled Pipes 10 are attached. The space between the walls 9, 9a is filled by a bed 7a of solid bodies, which is supported on the lower bed 7. Solid bodies are constantly emerging from the outlet opening 11 of the chamber 6 Discharged over a water bath 12. Be fresh solids abandoned by the adding device 13. In the combustion chamber 2 there is arranged an auxiliary burner 14 which is used to heat the solid body during commissioning, standstill and fluctuating composition of the carbonization gas.

The advantages of the invention are that by the constructive Design of the gas converter, a considerable weight saving is achieved, the wear and tear by the moving bed is kept low, the replacement of the solid matter takes place in a simple manner and the carbonization gases nevertheless constantly on a bed of fresh solids meet.

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Claims (5)

Claims 1. Gas converter for carbonization gases from a pyrolysis of waste materials, consisting of a combustion chamber for sub-stoichiometric combustion of the carbonization gases with the supply of oxygen-containing gases, a vertical chamber with a bed of glowing solid bodies / a feed line for the hot sub-stoichiometrically burned carbonization gases into the chamber, a Discharge for the gases from the chamber after passage through the bed of solid bodies, a device for adding the solid bodies to the chamber and an outlet device for solid matter from the chamber, characterized in that the combustion chamber for the substoichiometric combustion of the carbonization gas is arranged horizontally, the feed line from the combustion chamber opens laterally into the upper part of the vertical chamber, the vertical chamber tapers conically downwards, the discharge for the gases after passing through the upper part of the bed of glowing solid bodies in the upper part d he chamber is arranged, solid bodies are constantly withdrawn from the outlet device of the chamber and fresh solid bodies are constantly introduced into the adding device of the chamber. 2. Gas converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical chamber is designed with a round cross section. 3. Gas converter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the confluence of the supply line of the combustion chamber in the upper part of the vertical chamber is designed as an annular channel and the discharge for the gas after passage through the upper part of the bed of the glowing solid body in the Ceiling of the vertical chamber is arranged. '* "3Λ12582 -Ζ- 4. Gas converter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the confluence of the supply line of the combustion chamber in the upper part of the vertical chamber on one side of the chamber and the discharge line for the gas are arranged on the opposite side of the chamber, the solid body in the upper Part of the chamber are arranged between two vertical gas-permeable walls, the gas-permeable walls are arranged at a distance from one another which is smaller than the diameter of the bed of solid bodies in the adjoining part of the chamber and the gas-permeable walls extend over the cross-section of the upper part of the chamber . 5. Gas converter according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outlet opening for the solid body is arranged in a water bath at the lower end of the vertical chamber.