FI76367C - GASOMVANDLARE FOER TORRDESTILLERINGSGASER VID PYROLYS AV AVFALL. - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Gas converter for low temperature carbonization gases resulting from pyrolysis of waste materials, comprising a combustion chamber for substoichiometric combustion of the low temperature carbonization gases through the supply of oxygen-containing gases, a vertical chamber having a bed of incandescent solid bodies, a line for supplying the hot, sub-stoichiometrically combusted, low temperature carbonization gases to the chamber, a line for carrying the gases from the chamber after they have passed through the bed of solid bodies, an arrangement for feeding solid bodies to the chamber and an arrangement for discharging solid matter from the chamber, characterized in that the combustion chamber for the substoichiometric combustion of the low temperature carbonization gas is arranged horizontally ; the supply line from the combustion chamber opens into the top part of the vertical chamber at the side ; the vertical chamber is conical, tapering towards the bottom ; the discharge line for the gases after they have passed through the top part of the bed of incandescent solid bodies is arranged in the top part of the chamber ; a discharging arrangement is provided for the continuous removal of the solid bodies from the chamber and a feed arrangement is provided for the continuous supply of fresh solid bodies to the chamber.

Description

1 7 6 3 6 7 Waste gas pyrolysis semi-carbon gas converter

The invention relates to a gas converter for the pyrolysis of semi-coal gases by waste, comprising a combustion chamber for the sub-stoichiometric combustion of semi-carbon gases by supplying oxygen-containing gases, a vertical chamber with a layer of glowing solids 10 through a layer of particles, a charging device for introducing solids into the chamber and a removal device for removing solids from the chamber.

The disposal of organic and inorganic waste, such as household waste, industrial waste, used tires, plastic-15 waste, sewage sludge or the like in a way that keeps the environmental impact to a minimum, is becoming an increasingly urgent problem.

One procedure is to semi-carbonate waste at temperatures of about 300 to 800 ° C to produce semi-carbon-20 gases and solid semi-carbon waste. The semi-carbon gases are then cracked at higher temperatures, about 850-1200 ° C. This is accomplished by sub-stoichiometric partial combustion by feeding oxygen-containing gases and passing the gases through a glowing layer of solids. Cracked gases are used as fuel gases after purification.

DE-A-29 27 240 discloses a process in which waste is semi-charred in an indirectly heated circulating drum at temperatures of 300 to 600 ° C 30 with no air ingress. The semi-coal waste containing the resulting semi-coke is transferred from the circulating drum to a shaft-shaped gas converter. The semi-carbon gases are led from the circulating drum directly to the free top of the gas converter and there they mix with the preheated air and burn 35 partially.

2 76367

They are then passed through a portion of the incandescent bed of semi-carbon waste at the bottom of the gas converter. From below, air and steam are introduced into the glowing layer of semi-coal waste. The combustion gases, together with the cracked semi-carbon gases, are removed from the center of the glowing 5 layers of semi-carbon waste. The cracking of semi-carbon gases takes place at temperatures of 850 - 1200 ° C. The mixed gas is then cooled, purified and introduced for use as a combustible gas. The ash from the semi-coke is removed from the gas converter at the bottom. Such a gas converter is also discussed in EP-A-0 026 450.

A similar method is known from DE-A-24 32 504 and DE-A-25 26 947, in which, however, the semi-carbon waste removed from the circulating drum is first sorted into semi-coke and other solid waste and only half-coke is fed to a gas converter. In addition, impure coke can be added. After separating the dust, the semi-carbon gases are introduced into the gas converter and are partially combusted by the fresh air introduced at the bottom of the incandescent layer. The mixed gas generated during the simultaneous combustion of semi-coke and semi-coal gas is removed from the bottom of the bed. The ash is removed down to the water bath.

DE-A-27 32 418 discloses a method in which semi-carbon gases are fed directly to a horizontally arranged gas converter comprising a solid layer made of an inert material, e.g. refractory stones or a porous ceramic material. The solid semi-carbon waste is recycled, such as for the production or incineration of activated carbon for heating purposes.

In connection with these methods, the semi-carbon gas entering the gas converter, even when previously passed through a mechanical scrubber, e.g. a cyclone separator, still contains large amounts of the dust particles carried. These deposit in a layer formed of solids components 3,766,367 and result in adhesions and agglomerations in the gas converter as a result of higher temperatures. This prevents a smooth and optimal flow of gas.

The object of the invention is to provide a gas converter which enables the smoothest and very good passage of gas through a layer of solid components at the lowest possible cost.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in such a way that the combustion chamber for substoichiometric combustion of semi-carbon gas is arranged with a horizontal inlet line from the combustion chamber. to the top, the solids component is continuously removed from the chamber removal device and fresh solid components are continuously introduced into the chamber loading device. The top of the solid-20 component layer through which the hot, partially burned semi-carbon gases flow is selected to provide the desired gas exchange reaction. The size required for this purpose depends on the composition of the semi-carbon gases and can be known experimentally. The term "continuous" removal and import of solids is to be understood as meaning both a continuous and a pulsed event at certain intervals. By "fresh" solids is meant both removed and purified solids as well as new solids. The new solid components are preferably added only in an amount corresponding to the wear caused by the wear and the screen removed.

The solid particles are heated with hot, partially burned semi-carbon gases. Also, when coke and other carbonaceous materials are used as solid-35 particles, there is virtually no combustion of these substances 4,766,367 because the partially burned semi-carbon gases do not contain free oxygen.

A preferred embodiment is such that the vertical chamber has a circular cross-section. Thus, a self-acting and uniform depression of the layer is obtained.

A preferred embodiment is such that the inlet of the combustion chamber inlet line is made in the upper part of the vertical chamber as an annular channel and the gas outlet line for removing it through the top of the layer of incandescent solids 10 is arranged at an angle to the vertical chamber. The outlet of the annular channel is arranged in the chamber at such a height that the layer of solids above it has a sufficient height.

A preferred embodiment is such that the inlet of the combustion chamber inlet line 15 is arranged in the upper part of the vertical chamber on one side of the chamber and the degassing line on the opposite side of the chamber, the solids particles are arranged in the upper part spaced apart from the diameter of the layer of solid particles in the associated portion of the chamber and the gas permeable walls extend over the cross-section of the upper portion of the chamber. The height and thickness of the layer of solid particles between the two gas permeable walls is selected to be sufficient for the gas exchange reaction.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is such that the solids outlet is arranged at the lower end of the vertical chamber for a water bath. Thus, simple removal of solids-30 particles and immediate cooling are achieved.

The invention will be explained in more detail in connection with the figures.

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a combustion chamber and a gas converter comprising a ring passage as a gas inlet to the chamber.

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the combustion chamber and the gas converter, with a layer of solid components at the top of the chamber between the two gas permeable plates. The horizontal combustion chamber consists of a burner 1 and a combustion chamber 2. The preheated air 3 and the semi-carbon gas 3a are introduced into the burner 1 and are partially combusted in the combustion-5 in the substoichiometry. In Fig. 1, the inlet line of the combustion chamber is made as a ring channel 4 provided with nozzle stones 5. In Fig. 2, the outlet of the combustion chamber 2 of the inlet line is formed. The inlet line 4, 4a opens into the upper part of the vertical chamber 6. The chamber 6 has a circular cross-section and is made conically tapered below the inlet line 4, 4a 10. The chamber 6 has a layer 7 of solid components. The gas outlet line 8 for discharging them after passing through the upper part of the layer 7 of solid components is arranged in Fig. 1 at the corner of the chamber 6 and in Fig. 2 opposite the inlet line 15 4a. In Fig. 1, the upper part of the layer 7 is formed by the part located above the nozzle stones 5. In Figure 2, two gas-permeable walls 9, 9a are arranged in the upper part of the chamber 6, extending over the entire cross-section of the chamber 6. The walls 9, 9a consist of grate irons attached to air-cooled tubes 10. The space between the walls 9, 9a is filled by a layer 7a of solids, which rests on the lower layer 7. Solids are continuously removed from the outlet 11 of the chamber 6 via a water bath 12. Fresh solid ingredients are fed through the charging device 13. A support burner 14 is arranged in the combustion chamber 2, which is used for heating the solid particles during start-up, stops and the oscillating composition of the semi-carbon gas.

The advantages of the invention are that the structural design of the gas converter provides considerable weight savings, which keeps the wear caused by the passing bed to a minimum, the exchange of solids takes place in a simple manner and the semi-carbon gases nevertheless always encounter a layer of fresh solids.

Claims (5)

1. Drying gas gas converter for waste pyrolysis, comprising a combustion chamber (1,2) for sub-stoichiometric combustion of the dry distillation gases with the supply of oxygen-containing gases, a vertical chamber (6) with a bed (7.7a) of glowing solid material , an inlet conduit (4,4a) to the chamber (6) for the sub-stoichiometric-burned dry distillation gases, an outlet conduit (8) for the gases from the chamber (6), after passing through the bed of solids (7.7a) , a soldering device (13) for solids of the kairan (6) and a device for extracting (11) solids from the kairan (6), characterized in that the combustion chamber (1,2) for the understochiometric combustion of dry distillation -tion gas is arranged horizontally, the inlet conduit (4,4a) from the combustion chamber opens on the side of the vertical chamber (6) Upper part, the vertical kairanar (6) is conical tapered downstream, the outlet (8) for the gases 20 after passage of that the upper portion of the bed (7.7a) of glowing solid material is disposed at the upper end of the chamber (6) and that solid material is continuously removed from the chamber device for withdrawal (11) while new solids are continuously measured into the chamber charger (13). 25 2. Gas converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical kairan (6) has a circular cross-section. Gas converter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inlet to the inlet line (4) of the combustion chamber (1,2) in the upper part of the vertical chamber is formed as an annular channel and the outlet (8) for gas after passage of the glowing the upper part of the solid bed (7) is arranged in the ceiling of the vertical chamber (6). Gas converter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inlet of the inlet line (4,4a) of the combustion chamber (1,2) in the upper part of the vertical chamber (6) is arranged on one side of the kairanar