EP0157332A2 - Modifier of pyrolysis gases emanating from refuse - Google Patents

Modifier of pyrolysis gases emanating from refuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0157332A2
EP0157332A2 EP85103523A EP85103523A EP0157332A2 EP 0157332 A2 EP0157332 A2 EP 0157332A2 EP 85103523 A EP85103523 A EP 85103523A EP 85103523 A EP85103523 A EP 85103523A EP 0157332 A2 EP0157332 A2 EP 0157332A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
gas
gases
bed
solid bodies
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85103523A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0157332B1 (en
EP0157332A3 (en
Inventor
Horst Jelinek
Egon Teuner
Helmut Werdinig
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KRAFTWERK UNION-UMWELTTECHNIK GmbH
Original Assignee
KIENER PYROLYSE GESELLSCHAFT fur THERMISCHE ABFALLVERWERTUNG MBH
KIENER PYROLYSE
Kraftwerk Union-Umwelttechnik GmbH
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Application filed by KIENER PYROLYSE GESELLSCHAFT fur THERMISCHE ABFALLVERWERTUNG MBH, KIENER PYROLYSE, Kraftwerk Union-Umwelttechnik GmbH filed Critical KIENER PYROLYSE GESELLSCHAFT fur THERMISCHE ABFALLVERWERTUNG MBH
Priority to AT85103523T priority Critical patent/ATE34764T1/en
Publication of EP0157332A2 publication Critical patent/EP0157332A2/en
Publication of EP0157332A3 publication Critical patent/EP0157332A3/en
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Publication of EP0157332B1 publication Critical patent/EP0157332B1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
    • C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/526—Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C10J3/845—Quench rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0943—Coke
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas converter for carbonization gases from a pyrolysis of waste materials, consisting of a combustion chamber for a substoichiometric combustion of the carbonization gases with the supply of oxygen-containing gases, a vertical chamber with a bed of glowing solid bodies, a feed line for the hot, substoichiometrically burned carbonization gases Chamber, a discharge for the gases from the chamber after passing through the bed of the solid body, an addition device for the solids into the chamber and an outlet device for solids from the chamber.
  • One method is that carbonization of the waste materials at temperatures of approximately 300-800 ° C. produces carbonization gases and a solid carbonization residue.
  • the smoldering gases are then cracked at higher temperatures of around 850 - 1 200 ° C. This is done by sub-stoichiometric partial combustion with the supply of oxygen-containing gases and passage of the gases through a glowing bed of solids. After cleaning, the cracked gases are used as fuel gases.
  • EP-A-0 026 450 also refers to such a gas converter.
  • carbon dioxide gas entering the gas converter even if it is first passed through a mechanical gas cleaner, for example a cyclone separator, contains even larger amounts of dust particles. These are deposited in the bed of F eststoff emotionsn, and thread as a result of higher temperatures in the gas converter to caking and clumping. This prevents even and optimal gas passage.
  • a mechanical gas cleaner for example a cyclone separator
  • the invention has for its object to provide a gas converter which enables the most uniform and optimal gas passage through the bed of solids with the least possible effort.
  • the combustion chamber for the substoichiometric combustion of the carbonization gas is arranged horizontally, the feed line from the combustion chamber opens laterally into the upper part of the vertical chamber, the vertical chamber is tapered downwards, the discharge for the gases after the passage through the upper part of the bed of glowing solid bodies is arranged in the upper part of the chamber, solid bodies are continuously withdrawn from the outlet device of the chamber and fresh solid bodies are constantly introduced into the addition device of the chamber.
  • the upper part of the bed of solid bodies through which the hot, partially burned smoldering gases flow is selected so that the desired conversion of the gases is achieved. The size required for this depends on the composition of the carbonization gases gig and can be determined empirically.
  • solid bodies are to be understood as meaning both removed and cleaned solid bodies and new solid bodies. New solid bodies are preferably only added in an amount which corresponds to the consumption by abrasion and undersize removed.
  • the solid bodies are heated by the hot, partially burned carbonization gases. Even when coke or other carbon-containing materials are used as solid bodies, there is practically no combustion, especially because the partially burned carbonization gases do not contain any free oxygen.
  • a preferred embodiment is that the vertical chamber is designed with a round cross section. This ensures that the bed drops automatically and evenly.
  • a preferred embodiment is that the mouth of the feed line of the combustion chamber in the upper part of the vertical chamber is designed as an annular channel and the discharge for the gas is arranged in the ceiling of the vertical chamber after passing through the upper part of the bed of the glowing solid body .
  • the outlet opening of the ring channel is arranged at a height of the chamber such that the bed of solid bodies above it has a sufficient height.
  • a preferred embodiment is that the mouth of the feed of the combustion chamber in the upper part of the vertical chamber on one side of the chamber and the discharge for the gas on the opposite side of the chamber are arranged, the solid body in the upper part of the chamber between two vertical gas-permeable walls are arranged, the gas-permeable vapors at a distance from each other are arranged, which is smaller than the diameter of the bed of the solid body in the adjoining part of the chamber and the gas-permeable walls extend over the cross section of the upper part of the chamber.
  • the height and thickness of the bed of the solid body between the two gas-permeable walls is chosen so that it is sufficient to convert the gas.
  • a preferred embodiment consists in that the outlet opening for the solid bodies is arranged in a water bath at the lower end of the vertical chamber. This results in a simple discharge with immediate cooling of the solid bodies.
  • the horizontal combustion chamber consists of the burner 1 and the combustion chamber 2. Preheated air 3 and carbonization gas 3a are passed into the burner 1 and partially burned under-stoichiometrically in the combustion chamber 2.
  • the supply line to the combustion chamber is designed as an annular channel 4 with nozzle stones 5.
  • the feed line is formed through the outlet opening of the combustion chamber 2.
  • the supply line 4, 4a opens into the upper part of the vertical chamber 6.
  • the chamber 6 has a round cross section and is designed to taper conically below the supply line 4, 4a.
  • the discharge 8 for gases after passage through the upper part of the bed 7 the solid body is arranged in Figure 1 in the ceiling of the chamber 6 and in Figure 2 opposite the feed line 4a.
  • the upper part of the bed 7 consists of the part which is located above the nozzle stones 5.
  • two gas-permeable walls 9, 9a are arranged in the upper part of the chamber 6, which extend over the entire cross section of the chamber 6.
  • the walls 9, 9a consist of grate bars which are attached to air-cooled tubes 10.
  • the space between the walls 9, 9a is filled by a bed 7a of the solid body, which is supported on the lower bed 7.
  • Solid bodies are continuously discharged from the outlet opening 11 of the chamber 6 via a water bath 12. Fresh solid bodies are fed through the addition device 13.
  • a support burner 14 is arranged in the combustion chamber 2 and is used to heat the solid bodies during commissioning, at standstill and when the composition of the carbonization gas fluctuates.
  • the advantages of the invention are that the structural design of the gas converter achieves considerable weight savings, the wear caused by the moving bed is kept low, the exchange of the solid bodies is carried out in a simple manner and the smoldering gases nevertheless constantly meet a bed of fresh solid bodies .

Abstract

1. Gas converter for low temperature carbonization gases resulting from pyrolysis of waste materials, comprising a combustion chamber for substoichiometric combustion of the low temperature carbonization gases through the supply of oxygen-containing gases, a vertical chamber having a bed of incandescent solid bodies, a line for supplying the hot, sub-stoichiometrically combusted, low temperature carbonization gases to the chamber, a line for carrying the gases from the chamber after they have passed through the bed of solid bodies, an arrangement for feeding solid bodies to the chamber and an arrangement for discharging solid matter from the chamber, characterized in that the combustion chamber for the substoichiometric combustion of the low temperature carbonization gas is arranged horizontally ; the supply line from the combustion chamber opens into the top part of the vertical chamber at the side ; the vertical chamber is conical, tapering towards the bottom ; the discharge line for the gases after they have passed through the top part of the bed of incandescent solid bodies is arranged in the top part of the chamber ; a discharging arrangement is provided for the continuous removal of the solid bodies from the chamber and a feed arrangement is provided for the continuous supply of fresh solid bodies to the chamber.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Gaswandler für Schwelgase aus einer Pyrolyse von Abfallstoffen, bestehend aus einer Brennkammer für eine unterstöchiometrische Verbrennung der Schwelgase unter Zufuhr von sauerstoffhaltigen Gasen, einer vertikalen Kammer mit einem Bett aus glühenden Feststoffkörpern, einer Zuleitung für die heißen unterstöchiometrisch verbrannten Schwelgase ir. die Kammer, einer Ableitung für die Gase aus der Kammer nach Durchgang durch das Bett der Feststoffkörper, einer Zugabevorrichtung für die Feststoffe in die Kammer und einer Austrittsvorrichtung für Feststoffe aus der Kammer.The invention relates to a gas converter for carbonization gases from a pyrolysis of waste materials, consisting of a combustion chamber for a substoichiometric combustion of the carbonization gases with the supply of oxygen-containing gases, a vertical chamber with a bed of glowing solid bodies, a feed line for the hot, substoichiometrically burned carbonization gases Chamber, a discharge for the gases from the chamber after passing through the bed of the solid body, an addition device for the solids into the chamber and an outlet device for solids from the chamber.

Die Beseitigung von organischen und anorganischen Abfallstoffen, wie Hausmüll, Industriemüll, Altreifen, Kunststoffabfällen, Klärschlamm oder dgl., in einer Weise, welche die Umweltbelastung möglichst gering hält, wird zu einem immer dringlicheren Problem.The disposal of organic and inorganic waste materials, such as household waste, industrial waste, old tires, plastic waste, sewage sludge or the like, in a way that keeps the environmental impact as low as possible, is becoming an ever more pressing problem.

Ein Verfahrensweg besteht darin, daß durch eine Verschwelung der Abfallstoffe bei Temperaturen von etwa 300 - 800 °C Schwelgase und ein fester Schwelrückstand erzeugt werden. Die Schwelgase werden ansschließend bei höheren Temperaturen von etwa 850 - 1 200 °C gekrackt. Dies geschieht durch eine unterstöchiometrische Teilverbrennung unter Zufuhr von sauerstoffhaltigen Gasen und Durchleiten der Gase durch ein glühendes Bett aus Feststoffen. Die gekrackten Gase werden nach einer Reinigung als Brenngase verwendet.One method is that carbonization of the waste materials at temperatures of approximately 300-800 ° C. produces carbonization gases and a solid carbonization residue. The smoldering gases are then cracked at higher temperatures of around 850 - 1 200 ° C. This is done by sub-stoichiometric partial combustion with the supply of oxygen-containing gases and passage of the gases through a glowing bed of solids. After cleaning, the cracked gases are used as fuel gases.

Aus der DE-OS 29 27 240 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem die Abfallstoffe in einer indirekt beheizten Drehtrommel bei Temperaturen von 300 bis 600 °C unter Luftabschluß verschwelt werden. Der den gebildeten Schwelkoks enthaltende Schwelrückstand aus der DrehtroMmel wird in einer. schachtförmigen Gaswandler überführt. Die Schwelgase werden aus der Drehtrommel direkt in den freien, oberen Teil des Gaswandlers geleitet und dort mit vorgewärmter Luft vermischt und teilverbrannt. Danach werden sie im unteren Teil des Gaswandlers durch einen Teil der glühenden Schicht des Schwelrückstandes geleitet. Von unten werden in die glühende Schicht des Schwelrückstandes Luft und Dampf eingeleitet. Die Verbrennungsgase werden zusammen mit den gekrackten Schwelgasen aus einem mittleren Teil der glühenden Schicht des Schwelrückstandes abgezogen. Das Kracken der Schwelgase erfolgt bei Temperaturen von 850 bis 1200 °C. Anschließend wird das Mischgas abgekühlt, gereinigt und als brennbares Gas einer Verwendung zugeführt. Die aus dem Schwelkoks entstehende Asche wird aus dem Gaswandler am Boden abgezogen. Auf einen solchen Gaswandler nimmt auch die EP-A-0 026 450 Bezug.From DE-OS 29 27 240 a method is known in which the waste materials are carbonized in an indirectly heated rotary drum at temperatures of 300 to 600 ° C with the exclusion of air. The smoldering residue from the rotary drum containing the smoldered coke is in one. shaft-shaped gas converter transferred. The carbonization gases are fed from the rotary drum directly into the free, upper part of the gas converter, where they are mixed with preheated air and partially burned. They are then passed through part of the glowing layer of the smoldering residue in the lower part of the gas converter. Air and steam are introduced from below into the glowing layer of the smoldering residue. The combustion gases are extracted together with the cracked carbonization gases from a central part of the glowing layer of the carbonization residue. The carbonization gases are cracked at temperatures of 850 to 1200 ° C. The mixed gas is then cooled, cleaned and used as a combustible gas. The ashes from the smoked coke are extracted from the gas converter on the floor. EP-A-0 026 450 also refers to such a gas converter.

Aus der DE-PS 24 32 504 und DE-OS 25 26 947 ist ein ähnliches Verfahren bekannt, bei dem jedoch der aus der Drehtrommel ausgetragene Schwelrückstand zunächst in Schwelkoks und andere feste Rückstände sortiert wird und nur der Schwelkoks in den Gaswandler chargiert wird. Gegebenenfalls kann zusätzlich Fremdkoks chargiert werden. Die Schwelgase werden nach einer Staubentfernung in den Gaswandler geleitet und mit der im unteren Teil der glühenden Schicht eingeleiteten Frischluft teilverbrannt. Das bei der gleichzeitigen Verbrennung von Schwelkoks und Schwelgas entstehende Mischgas wird unten aus der Schicht abgezogen. Die Asche wird unten in ein Wasserbad ausgetragen.From DE-PS 24 32 504 and DE-OS 25 26 947 a similar method is known, in which, however, the smoldering residue discharged from the rotary drum is first sorted into smoldering coke and other solid residues and only the smoldering coke is charged into the gas converter. If necessary, foreign coke can also be charged. After the dust has been removed, the carbonization gases are led into the gas converter and partially burned with the fresh air introduced into the lower part of the glowing layer. The mixed gas that arises during the simultaneous combustion of carbonization coke and carbonization gas is drawn off from the bottom of the layer. The ashes are discharged into a water bath at the bottom.

Aus der DE-OS 27 32 418 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem die Schwelgase direkt in einen horizontal angeordneten Gaswandler geleitet werden, der ein Festbett aus inertem Material aus z.B. feuerfesten Steinen oder porösem Keramikmaterial enthält. Die festen Schwelrückstände werden einer Weiterverwertung, wie Erzeugung von Aktivkohle oder Verbrennung zu Heizzwecken, zugeführt.From DE-OS 27 32 418 a method is known in which the Carbonization gases are passed directly into a horizontally arranged gas converter which contains a fixed bed made of inert material made of, for example, refractory stones or porous ceramic material. The solid smoldering residues are recycled, such as the production of activated carbon or combustion for heating purposes.

Bei diesen Verfahren enthält uas in den Gaswandler eintretende Schwelgas, selbst wenn es vorher durch einen mechanischen Gasreiniger, z.B. einen Zyklonabscheider, geleitet wird, noch größere Gehalte an mitgeführten Staubteilchen. Diese lagern sich in dem Bett aus Feststoffkörpern ab und führen infolge der höheren Temperaturen im Gaswandler zu Anbackungen und Verklumpungen. Dadurch wird ein gleichmäßiger und optimaler Gasdurchgang verhindert.In these processes, carbon dioxide gas entering the gas converter, even if it is first passed through a mechanical gas cleaner, for example a cyclone separator, contains even larger amounts of dust particles. These are deposited in the bed of F eststoffkörpern, and thread as a result of higher temperatures in the gas converter to caking and clumping. This prevents even and optimal gas passage.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Gaswandler zu schaffen, der einen möglichst gleichmäßigen und optimalen Gasdurchgang durch das Bett aus Feststoffen mit möglichst geringen Aufwand ermöglicht.The invention has for its object to provide a gas converter which enables the most uniform and optimal gas passage through the bed of solids with the least possible effort.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß dadurch, daß die Brennkammer für die unterstöchiometrische Verbrennung des Schwelgases horizontal angeordnet ist, die Zuleitung von der .Brennkammer seitlich in den oberen Teil der vertikalen Kammer mündet, die vertikale Kammer sich konisch nach unten verjüngend ausgebildet ist, die Ableitung für die Gase nach dem Durchgang durch den oberen Teil des Bettes aus glühenden Feststoffkörpern im oberen Teil der Kammer angeordnet ist, ständig Feststoffkörper aus der Austrittsvorrichtung der Kammer abgezogen und ständig frische Feststoffkörper in die Zugabevorrichtung der Kammer eingetragen werden. Der obere Teil des Bettes der Feststoffkörper, durch den die heißen, teilverbrannten Schwelgase strömen, wird so gewählt, daß die gewünschte Umsetzung der Gase erzielt wird. Die dazu erforderliche Größe ist von der Zusammensetzung der Schwelgase abhängig und kann empirisch ermittelt werden. Unter dem Begriff "ständiger" Abzug und Zugabe von Feststoffkörpern ist sowohl ein kontinuierlicher als auch ein schubweiser Vogang in gewissen Zeitabständen zu verstehen. Unter "frischen" Feststoffkörpern sind sowohl abgezogene und gereinigte Feststoffkörper als auch neue Feststoffkörper zu verstehen. Neue Feststoffkörper werden vorzugsweise nur in einer Menge zugesetzt, die dem Verbrauch durch Abrieb und entferntem Unterkorn entspricht. Die Feststoffkörper werden durch die heißen, teilverbrannten Schwelgase aufgeheizt. Auch bei der Verwendung von Koks oder anderen kohlenstofhaltigen Materialien als Feststoffkörper tritt praktisch kein Abbrand auf, üa die teilverbrannten Schwelgase keinen freien Sauerstoff enthalten.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the combustion chamber for the substoichiometric combustion of the carbonization gas is arranged horizontally, the feed line from the combustion chamber opens laterally into the upper part of the vertical chamber, the vertical chamber is tapered downwards, the discharge for the gases after the passage through the upper part of the bed of glowing solid bodies is arranged in the upper part of the chamber, solid bodies are continuously withdrawn from the outlet device of the chamber and fresh solid bodies are constantly introduced into the addition device of the chamber. The upper part of the bed of solid bodies through which the hot, partially burned smoldering gases flow is selected so that the desired conversion of the gases is achieved. The size required for this depends on the composition of the carbonization gases gig and can be determined empirically. The term "constant" removal and addition of solid bodies is to be understood to mean both a continuous and batchwise Vogang at certain time intervals. “Fresh” solid bodies are to be understood as meaning both removed and cleaned solid bodies and new solid bodies. New solid bodies are preferably only added in an amount which corresponds to the consumption by abrasion and undersize removed. The solid bodies are heated by the hot, partially burned carbonization gases. Even when coke or other carbon-containing materials are used as solid bodies, there is practically no combustion, especially because the partially burned carbonization gases do not contain any free oxygen.

Eine vorzugsweise Ausgestaltung besteht darin, daß die vertikale Kammer mit rundem Querschnitt ausgebildet ist. Dadurch wird ein selbsttätiges und gleichmäßiges Absinken des Bettes erzielt.A preferred embodiment is that the vertical chamber is designed with a round cross section. This ensures that the bed drops automatically and evenly.

Eine vorzugsweise Ausgestaltung besteht darin, daß die Einmündung der Zuleitung der Brennkammer in den oberen Teil der vertikalen Kammer als Ringkanal ausgebildet ist und die Ableitung für das Gas nach dem Durchgang durch den oberen Teil des Bettes der glühenden Feststoffkörper in der Decke der vertikalen Kammer angeordnet ist. Die Austrittsöffnung des Ringkanals wird in einer solchen Höhe der Kammer angeordnet, daß das darüberliegende Bett der Feststoffkörper eine ausreichende Höhe hat.A preferred embodiment is that the mouth of the feed line of the combustion chamber in the upper part of the vertical chamber is designed as an annular channel and the discharge for the gas is arranged in the ceiling of the vertical chamber after passing through the upper part of the bed of the glowing solid body . The outlet opening of the ring channel is arranged at a height of the chamber such that the bed of solid bodies above it has a sufficient height.

Eine vorzugsweise Ausgestaltung besteht darin, daß die Einmündung der Zuleitung der Brennkammer in den oberen Teil der vertikalen Kammer auf einer Seite der Kammer und die Ableitung für das Gas auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Kammer angeordnet sind, die Feststoffkörper im oberen Teil der Kammer zwischen zwei vertikalen gasdurchlässigen Wänden angeordnet sind, die gasdurchlässigen Dämpfe mit einem Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind, der kleiner ist als der Durchmesser des Bettes der Feststoffkörper im anschließenden Teil der Kammer und die gasdurchlässigen Wände sich über den Querschnitt des oberen Teils der Kammer erstrecken. Die Höhe und Dicke des Bettes der Feststoffkörper zwischen den beiden gasdurclässigen Wänden wird so gewählt, daß sie zur Umsetzung des Gases ausreicht.A preferred embodiment is that the mouth of the feed of the combustion chamber in the upper part of the vertical chamber on one side of the chamber and the discharge for the gas on the opposite side of the chamber are arranged, the solid body in the upper part of the chamber between two vertical gas-permeable walls are arranged, the gas-permeable vapors at a distance from each other are arranged, which is smaller than the diameter of the bed of the solid body in the adjoining part of the chamber and the gas-permeable walls extend over the cross section of the upper part of the chamber. The height and thickness of the bed of the solid body between the two gas-permeable walls is chosen so that it is sufficient to convert the gas.

Eine vorzugsweise Ausgestaltung besteht darin, daß die Austrittsöffnung für die Feststoffkörper am unteren Ende der vertikalen Kammer in einem Wasserbad angeordnet ist. Dadurch wird ein einfacher Austrag mit sofortiger Kühlung der Feststoffkörper erzielt.A preferred embodiment consists in that the outlet opening for the solid bodies is arranged in a water bath at the lower end of the vertical chamber. This results in a simple discharge with immediate cooling of the solid bodies.

Die Erfindung wird an Hand von Figuren näher erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 ist ein Querschnitt durch eine Brennkammer und einen Gaswandler mit einen Ringkanal als Einmündung für das Gas in die Kammer.
  • Fig. 2 ist ein Querschnitt durch eine Brennkammer und einen Gaswandler mit einem Bett aus Feststoffkörpern zwischen zwei gasdurchlässigen Platten im oberen Teil der Kammer.
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to figures.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross section through a combustion chamber and a gas converter with an annular channel as an opening for the gas into the chamber.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross section through a combustion chamber and a gas converter with a bed of solid bodies between two gas permeable plates in the upper part of the chamber.

Die horizontale Brennkammer besteht aus dem Brenner 1 und dem Brennraum 2. Vorgewärmte Luft 3 und Schwelgas 3a werden in den Brenner 1 geleitet und im Brennraum 2 unterstöchiometrisch teilverbrannt. In Figur 1 ist die Zuleitung der Brennkammer als Ringkanal 4 mit Düsensteinen 5 ausgebildet. In Figur 2 wird die Zuleitung durch die Austrittsöffnung des Brennraumes 2 gebildet. Die Zuleitung 4, 4a mündet in den oberen Teil der vertikalen Kammer 6. Die Kammer 6 hat einen runden Querschnitt und ist unterhalb der Zuleitung 4, 4a konisch verjüngend ausgebildet. In der Kammer 6 befindet sich ein Bett 7 aus Feststoffkörpern. Die Ableitung 8 für die Gase nach dem Durchgang durch den oberen Teil des Bettes 7 der Feststoffkörper ist in Figur 1 in der Decke der Kammer 6 und in Figur 2 gegenüber der Zueitung 4a angeordnet. In Figur 1 besteht der obere Teil des Bettes 7 aus dem Teil, der sich oberhalb der Düsensteine 5 befindet. In Figur 2 sind im oberen Teil der Kammer 6 zwei gasdurchlässige Wände 9, 9a angeordnet, die sich über den ganzen Querschnitt der Kammer 6 erstrecken. Die Wände 9, 9a bestehen aus Roststäben, die an luftgekühlten Rohren 10 befestigt sind. Der Zwischenraum zwischen den Wänden 9, 9a ist von einem Bett 7a der Feststoffkörper ausgefüllt, das sich auf das untere Bett 7 abstützt. Aus der Austrittsöffnung 11 der Kammer 6 werden ständig Feststoffkörper über ein Wasserbad 12 ausgetragen. Frische Feststoffkörper werden durch die Zugabevorrichtung 13 aufgegeben. In dem Brennraum 2 ist ein Stützbrenner 14 angeordnet, der zur Aufheizung der Feststoffkörper bei Inbetriebsetzung, bei Stillständen und bei schwankender Zusammensetzung des Schwelgases dient.The horizontal combustion chamber consists of the burner 1 and the combustion chamber 2. Preheated air 3 and carbonization gas 3a are passed into the burner 1 and partially burned under-stoichiometrically in the combustion chamber 2. In Figure 1, the supply line to the combustion chamber is designed as an annular channel 4 with nozzle stones 5. In Figure 2, the feed line is formed through the outlet opening of the combustion chamber 2. The supply line 4, 4a opens into the upper part of the vertical chamber 6. The chamber 6 has a round cross section and is designed to taper conically below the supply line 4, 4a. In the chamber 6 there is a bed 7 made of solid bodies. The discharge 8 for gases after passage through the upper part of the bed 7 the solid body is arranged in Figure 1 in the ceiling of the chamber 6 and in Figure 2 opposite the feed line 4a. In Figure 1, the upper part of the bed 7 consists of the part which is located above the nozzle stones 5. In Figure 2, two gas-permeable walls 9, 9a are arranged in the upper part of the chamber 6, which extend over the entire cross section of the chamber 6. The walls 9, 9a consist of grate bars which are attached to air-cooled tubes 10. The space between the walls 9, 9a is filled by a bed 7a of the solid body, which is supported on the lower bed 7. Solid bodies are continuously discharged from the outlet opening 11 of the chamber 6 via a water bath 12. Fresh solid bodies are fed through the addition device 13. A support burner 14 is arranged in the combustion chamber 2 and is used to heat the solid bodies during commissioning, at standstill and when the composition of the carbonization gas fluctuates.

Die Vorteile der Erfindung bestehen darin, daß durch die konstruktive Ausgestaltung des Gaswandlers eine beträchtliche Gewichtsersparnis erzielt wird, der Verschleiß durch das wandernde Bett gering gehalten wird, die Auswechselung der Feststoffkörper in einfacher Weise erfolgt und die Schwelgase trotzdem ständig auf ein Bett aus frischen Feststoffkörpern treffen.The advantages of the invention are that the structural design of the gas converter achieves considerable weight savings, the wear caused by the moving bed is kept low, the exchange of the solid bodies is carried out in a simple manner and the smoldering gases nevertheless constantly meet a bed of fresh solid bodies .

Claims (5)

1. Gaswandler für Schwelgase aus einer Pyrolyse von Abfallstoffen, bestehend aus einer Brennkammer für eine unterstöchiometrische Verbrennung der Schwelgase unter Zufuhr von sauerstoffhaltigen Gasen, einer vertikalen Kammer mit einem Bett aus glühenden Feststoffkörpern, einer Zuleitung für die heißen unterstöchiometrisch verbrannten Schwelgase in die Kammer, einer Ableitung für die Gase aus der Kammer nach Durchgang durch das Bett der Feststoffkörper, einer Zugabevorrichtung für die Feststoffkörper in die Kammer und einer Austrittsvorrichtung für Feststoff aus der Kammer, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennkammer für die unterstöchiometrische Verbrennung des Schwelgases horizontal angeordnet ist, die Zuleitung von der Brennkammer seitlich in den oberen Teil der vertikalen Kammer mündet, die vertikale Kammer sich konisch nach unten verjüngend ausgebildet ist, die Ableitung für die Gase nach dem Durchgang durch den oberen Teil des Bettes aus glühenden Feststoffkörpern im oberen Teil der Kammer angeordnet ist, ständig Feststoffkörper aus der Austrittsvorrichtung der Kammer abgezogen und ständig frische Feststoffkörper in die Zugabevorrichtung der Kammer eingetragen werden.1.Gas converter for smoldering gases from a pyrolysis of waste materials, consisting of a combustion chamber for a substoichiometric combustion of the smoldering gases with the supply of oxygen-containing gases, a vertical chamber with a bed of glowing solid bodies, a feed line for the hot substoichiometrically burned smoldering gases into the chamber, one Discharge for the gases from the chamber after passing through the bed of the solid bodies, an addition device for the solid bodies into the chamber and an outlet device for solid matter from the chamber, characterized in that the combustion chamber for the substoichiometric combustion of the carbonization gas is arranged horizontally, the feed line from the combustion chamber opens laterally into the upper part of the vertical chamber, the vertical chamber is tapered downwards, the discharge for the gases after passage through the upper part of the bed of glowing solid bodies in the upper part de r chamber is arranged, solids are continuously withdrawn from the outlet device of the chamber and fresh solids are continuously introduced into the addition device of the chamber. 2. Gaswandler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vertikale Kammer mit rundem Querschnitt ausgebildet ist.2. Gas converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical chamber is formed with a round cross section. 3. Gaswandler nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichent, daß die Einmündung der Zuleitung der Brennkammer in den oberen Teil der vertikalen Kammer als Ringkanal ausgebildet ist und die Ableitung für das Gas nach dem Durchgang durch den oberen Teil des Bettes der glühenden Feststoffkörper in der Decke der vertikalen Kammer angeordnet ist.3. Gas converter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekennzeichent that the mouth of the supply line to the combustion chamber in the upper part of the vertical chamber is designed as an annular channel and the discharge for the gas after passage through the upper part of the bed of the glowing solid body in the Ceiling of the vertical chamber is arranged. 4. Gaswandler nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einmündung der Zuleitung der Brennkammer in den oberen Teil der vertikalen Kammer auf einer Seite der Kammer und die Ableitung für das Gas auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Kammer angeordnet sind, die Feststoffkörper im oberen Teil der Kammer zwischen zwei vertikalen gasdurchlässigen Wänden angeordnet sind, die gasdurchlässigen Wände mit einem Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind, der kleiner ist als der Durchmesser des Bettes der Feststoffkörper im anschließenden Teil der Kammer und die gasdurchlässigen Wände sich über den Querschnitt des oberen Teils der Kammer erstrecken.4. Gas converter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mouth of the supply line to the combustion chamber in the upper part of the vertical chamber on one side of the chamber and the discharge for the gas on the opposite side of the chamber are arranged, the solid body in the upper Part of the chamber are arranged between two vertical gas-permeable walls, the gas-permeable walls are arranged at a distance from one another which is smaller than the diameter of the bed of the solid bodies in the adjoining part of the chamber and the gas-permeable walls extend over the cross section of the upper part of the chamber . 5. Gaswandler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Austrittsöffnung für die Feststoffkörper am unteren Ende der vertikalen Kammer in einem Wasserbad angeordnet ist.5. Gas converter according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outlet opening for the solid body is arranged at the lower end of the vertical chamber in a water bath.
EP85103523A 1984-04-04 1985-03-25 Modifier of pyrolysis gases emanating from refuse Expired EP0157332B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85103523T ATE34764T1 (en) 1984-04-04 1985-03-25 GAS CONVERTER FOR SLIMMING GASES FROM A PYROLYSIS OF WASTE MATERIALS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3412582 1984-04-04
DE19843412582 DE3412582A1 (en) 1984-04-04 1984-04-04 GAS CONVERTER FOR SMOKE GASES FROM A PYROLYSIS OF WASTE

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EP0157332A2 true EP0157332A2 (en) 1985-10-09
EP0157332A3 EP0157332A3 (en) 1986-01-29
EP0157332B1 EP0157332B1 (en) 1988-06-01

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EP (1) EP0157332B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE34764T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3412582A1 (en)
FI (1) FI76367C (en)
IL (1) IL74797A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0263339A1 (en) * 1986-09-30 1988-04-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Reformer for carbonization gases containing hydrocarbons
DE102008027858A1 (en) * 2008-06-11 2009-12-17 Jörg HO Thermal carburetor for producing tar-less gaseous fuel for thermal engine i.e. internal combustion engine, has packing bed in flow connection with part of pyrolysis reactor or with inlet opening of gasification reactor
WO2010097286A3 (en) * 2009-02-27 2011-01-13 Kbi International Ltd. Reactor and process for thermally treating a feedstock
EP3508556A1 (en) * 2018-01-04 2019-07-10 Günter Hirr Method for operating a system for energy recovery and system for same

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3806365C1 (en) * 1988-02-27 1989-07-20 Veba Oel Entwicklungs-Gesellschaft Mbh, 4650 Gelsenkirchen, De
DE10033453B4 (en) 2000-07-10 2006-11-02 Herhof Verwaltungsgesellschaft Mbh Process and device for recycling substances and mixtures containing organic components

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2432504A1 (en) * 1974-07-04 1976-01-15 Karl Dipl Ing Kiener Gaseous fuel from waste - produced by low temp. carbonisation and gasification of the coke
DE2526947A1 (en) * 1975-06-16 1976-12-30 Karl Dipl Ing Kiener Fuel gas prodn. from household or industrial waste - by reacting waste pyrolysis gases with incandescent coke
DE2927240A1 (en) * 1979-07-05 1981-01-08 Karl Dipl Ing Kiener METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR GASIFYING STUFFED FUELS

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2432504A1 (en) * 1974-07-04 1976-01-15 Karl Dipl Ing Kiener Gaseous fuel from waste - produced by low temp. carbonisation and gasification of the coke
DE2526947A1 (en) * 1975-06-16 1976-12-30 Karl Dipl Ing Kiener Fuel gas prodn. from household or industrial waste - by reacting waste pyrolysis gases with incandescent coke
DE2927240A1 (en) * 1979-07-05 1981-01-08 Karl Dipl Ing Kiener METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR GASIFYING STUFFED FUELS

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0263339A1 (en) * 1986-09-30 1988-04-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Reformer for carbonization gases containing hydrocarbons
DE102008027858A1 (en) * 2008-06-11 2009-12-17 Jörg HO Thermal carburetor for producing tar-less gaseous fuel for thermal engine i.e. internal combustion engine, has packing bed in flow connection with part of pyrolysis reactor or with inlet opening of gasification reactor
WO2010097286A3 (en) * 2009-02-27 2011-01-13 Kbi International Ltd. Reactor and process for thermally treating a feedstock
EP3508556A1 (en) * 2018-01-04 2019-07-10 Günter Hirr Method for operating a system for energy recovery and system for same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0157332B1 (en) 1988-06-01
IL74797A (en) 1988-08-31
FI850677A0 (en) 1985-02-19
FI76367C (en) 1988-10-10
DE3563062D1 (en) 1988-07-07
ATE34764T1 (en) 1988-06-15
EP0157332A3 (en) 1986-01-29
IL74797A0 (en) 1985-07-31
FI850677L (en) 1985-10-05
DE3412582A1 (en) 1985-10-24
FI76367B (en) 1988-06-30

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