JP2021194548A - Reaction facility - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a treatment facility having improved abilities capable of coping with various kinds of materials to be processed such as wastes, compared to conventional dry distillation furnaces, so as to further improve decomposition of materials to be processed and recovery efficiency of useful substances.SOLUTION: A reaction facility comprises: a cylindrical vertical furnace having an upper part, a lower part, and a lowermost part; a water reservoir part for holding a reservoir water where the lowermost part of the vertical furnace is at least partially soaked; one or more combustion chambers provided adjacent to a periphery of the vertical furnace outside the lower part of the vertical furnace; an air box provided outside the lower part of the vertical furnace; and a blow nozzle connected with the air box via an opening/closing port and having its tip connected with an interior space of the vertical furnace, wherein the combustion chamber and the interior space of the vertical furnace are partitioned with a vertical grating, the vertical grating forms a hole connecting a first opening opposed to the combustion chamber and a second opening opposed to the interior space of the vertical furnace, the hole has an outside region, a central region and an inside region, the outside region is tapered from the first opening toward the central region gradually, the central region has a substantially constant narrow dimension, and the inside region becomes wider from the central region toward the second opening at an opening angle of 55-65°.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a reaction facility capable of heating and decomposing waste and the like and producing useful carbon-based or hydrocarbon-based substances.

A furnace for decomposing waste or the like based on carbonization is known in the prior art (Patent Documents 1 to 4). In these furnaces, first, the object to be treated deposited in the furnace is burned using the air in the furnace. Oxidation by this combustion converts oxygen in the furnace air into carbon dioxide and consumes it, making the inside of the furnace oxygen-free and generating high-temperature oxygen-free gas by the combustion heat. Then, when the high-temperature oxygen-free gas passes between the objects to be treated in the furnace, a carbonization reaction occurs in the carbon-containing substances in the objects to be treated. Hydrocarbon-based or carbon-based substances such as oil, combustible gas, and carbon shall be recovered from the carbonization gas recovered above the furnace and the residue recovered below the furnace, either directly or through separation treatment such as cooling. Can be done.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-180425 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-291927 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-107053 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-25632

Old tires are an example of typical waste that has been treated in a carbonization furnace. Since tires contain fibrous materials, metal wires, etc. in addition to the uniquely shaped rubber, voids suitable for promoting the passage of carbonization gas and the temporary descent of solid matter during decomposition are naturally created in the furnace. It was seen that it was easy to form and was particularly suitable for the dry distillation furnace.

However, there are problems of improving the capacity of the processing equipment so as to be able to handle a wider variety of objects to be processed, not limited to tires, and further improving the efficiency of decomposition of the objects to be processed and recovery of useful substances.

Regarding the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor is remarkably designed not only to raise the temperature of the gas surrounding the object to be treated in the furnace to a high temperature but also to create voids around the object to be processed to generate a specific gas flow. We have found an advantage in many years of research and practice. The reaction equipment of the present invention thermally decomposes the object to be treated (carbon-containing object) by a carbonization mechanism, and at the same time, the interaction and / or chemistry between the gas flow generated in the furnace and the object to be treated based on the configuration of the equipment. It has a design that can induce a reaction.

The present invention includes at least the following embodiments.
[1]
A cylindrical vertical furnace with an upper part, a lower part, and a lowermost part,
A water storage unit that holds the stored water in which the bottom of the vertical furnace is at least partially immersed.
A combustion chamber provided adjacent to the outer periphery of the vertical furnace on the outside of the lower part of the vertical furnace, and
An air box further provided on the outside of the lower part of the vertical furnace, and
It is equipped with a blowing nozzle that is connected to the air box via an opening / closing port and whose tip is connected to the internal space of the vertical furnace.
The combustion chamber and the internal space of the vertical furnace are separated by a vertical lattice, and the vertical lattice connects a first opening facing the combustion chamber and a second opening facing the internal space of the vertical furnace. Form a hole,
The hole has an outer region, a central region, and an inner region, the outer region gradually narrows from the first opening to the central region, and the central region has a substantially constant narrowness, and the inner region has a substantially constant narrowness. The region widens from the central region to the second opening at an opening angle of 55-65 °.
Reaction equipment.
[2]
The blowing nozzle includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder nested inscribed in the outer cylinder, and the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder each have a hole in the side surface of the body of the cylinder, and the outer cylinder and / Alternatively, the reaction facility according to [1], wherein the opening / closing port is provided by rotating the inner cylinders with respect to each other to change the area where the holes overlap with each other.
[3]
Connected to said air box for supplying a high CO ₂ concentration gas in the air box, further comprising a high CO ₂ concentration gas supply unit, the reaction equipment described in [1] or [2].

It is sectional drawing of the reaction equipment by one Embodiment. An outline of a vertical grid according to an embodiment is shown. (A) is a cross-sectional view of a part of the vertical grid according to one embodiment, and (B) shows an overview when the part (A) is viewed from the inside of the furnace. It is sectional drawing of the blowing nozzle by one Embodiment. (A) represents a place where the opening / closing port connected to the air box is fully opened, and (B) represents a place where the opening / closing port is fully closed. It is a conceptual diagram of the movement of a substance that can occur in a reaction facility.

Hereinafter, the reaction equipment according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the reaction facility 100 according to the embodiment. The main body of the reaction facility 100 is composed of a vertical furnace 110 having a cylindrical shape as a whole. The "cylinder" referred to here is particularly preferably a cylinder, but is not necessarily limited to that, and may be an elliptical cylinder, a polygonal cylinder, or the like. In the case of a polygonal cylinder, it is preferable that the outermost corner is chamfered or curved in order to prevent the object to be processed from being clogged in the inner corner of the furnace.

Since the furnace of the reaction facility 100 is a vertical (vertical) type cylinder, the object to be treated, which is charged from the vicinity of the upper end of the cylinder and filled in the furnace, is thermally decomposed in the furnace and settles by gravity. A vertical kiln is also called a vertical kiln. As will be described later, when the reaction facility 100 is in operation, the upper side of the cylinder is sealed with a lid or a damper, and the lower side of the cylinder is sealed with stored water to shield it from the outside air.

The inner diameter of the cylinder can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art depending on the size of the object to be treated and the like, and may be, for example, 0.6 to 3 m, usually 0.8 to 2 m, and 1 to 1.7 m. More preferred. The inner diameter of a non-cylinder can be defined as the inner diameter of a cylinder with the same opening area. The material of the cylinder can also be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art based on ordinary knowledge, and for example, iron ones lined with refractory cement are suitable. The shape, inner diameter, and / or material may vary over the length of the cylinder. It is preferable that the inner diameter of the narrowest portion of the cylinder is 90% or more of the inner diameter of the widest portion.

The height of the vertical furnace 110 can be, for example, 3 to 15 m, usually 4 to 10 m, more preferably 5 to 8 m. The vertical furnace 110 has an upper part 111, a lower part 112, and a lowermost part 113. The upper portion 111 usually occupies at least the upper half of the vertical furnace 110 and corresponds to the portion where the main carbonization treatment is performed. The lower portion 112 is located below the upper portion 111, and is a portion where the vertical grid 160, the combustion chamber 130, the air box 140, and the blowing nozzle 150, which will be described later, are located, and 15 to 30% of the height of the vertical furnace 110. It is preferable to occupy. The bottom 113 is located below the bottom 112 and preferably occupies 10-20% of the height of the vertical furnace 110.

A combustion chamber 130 is provided on the outside of the lower portion 112 of the vertical furnace adjacent to the outer periphery of the vertical furnace 110. In the combustion chamber 130, combustible oil such as kerosene, light oil, and heavy A oil is introduced, combustion occurs by the ignition burner 131, and the combustion heat is used for thermal decomposition and other reactions of the object to be processed in the furnace. The combustion chamber 130 is, in other words, a heating chamber. The ignition burner may be one that causes a spark by a plug at a place where a combustible oil is ejected at a high pressure to generate a flame, as is known to those skilled in the art.

Although at least one combustion chamber 130 is provided, it is preferable that two or more combustion chambers are provided so as to surround the vertical furnace 110, and the plurality of combustion chambers are arranged at equal intervals from each other to surround the vertical furnace 110. Is more preferable. One horizontally long combustion chamber may surround the vertical furnace 110 in a strip shape.

The wall separating the combustion chamber 130 from the outside can be, for example, made of stainless steel, but is not limited thereto. In the specific example shown in FIG. 1, the bottom and outer walls of the combustion chamber 130 are made of stainless steel, and the upper side wall is made of another refractory material 132 (refractory cement). The ignition burner 131 is a burner that ignites in the combustion chamber 130, but apart from this, there may be an ignition burner that is connected to the inside of the vertical furnace 110 and directly ignites the object to be processed in the furnace. ..

The combustion chamber 130 and the internal space of the vertical furnace 110 are separated by a substantially vertical vertical rostrum, that is, a vertical grid 160. A high temperature region is formed on the furnace side surface (tuyere) of the vertical grid 160. The temperature inside the furnace when the reaction facility 100 is used can be generally several hundred degrees Celsius, but it is estimated that this high temperature region is even higher than other places in the furnace by several hundred degrees Celsius. The hot gas stream emitted from the tuyere of the vertical grid 160 also creates voids in the furnace while repelling the object to be treated, continuously exposing new carbon-containing surfaces of the object to be treated.

The vertical grid 160 is an important feature in the present invention, and the details thereof will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of a part of the vertical grid 160 in one example. As shown in this figure, the vertical grid 160 has an opening 161 (referred to as a first opening) on the side facing the combustion chamber 130 and an opening 162 (referred to as a second opening) on the side facing the internal space of the vertical furnace 110. ) And a plurality of tunnel-shaped holes 163 are provided. Each hole (tunnel) 163 extends substantially horizontally and is divided into an outer region 163a connected to the combustion chamber, an inner region 163c connected to the inside of the furnace, and a central region 163b connecting the outer region and the inner region.

The outer region 163a gradually narrows from the first opening 161 to the central region 163b, the central region 163b has a substantially constant narrowness, and the inner region 163c widens from the central region 163b to the second opening 162. There is. Due to the presence of the vertical grid 160 having holes 163 of this shape, the substantially oxygen-free high-temperature gas generated in the combustion chamber 130 is released into the furnace at an angle and momentum, causing a characteristic gas flow in the furnace. Let me. It was found that the opening angle θ extending from the central region 163b to the second opening 162 is important. That is, this opening angle θ is within the range of 55 to 65 °. If θ is outside this range, the intended gas flow may be less likely to occur, and the pressing object may easily block the tuyere or penetrate to the central region 163b of the hole.

The angle narrowing from the first opening 161 to the central region 163b has a higher degree of freedom. The angle is preferably such that the size of the first opening 161 in the vertical direction (vertical direction) is substantially the same as the size of the second opening 162 in the vertical direction, but the first opening 161 is preferable. It may be smaller in the vertical direction than the second opening 162, or conversely, the first opening 161 may be larger than the second opening 162 in the vertical direction up to about 1.5 times. The vertical size of the first opening 161 can be, for example, 50 to 150 mm, preferably 70 to 100 mm. The vertical size of the second opening 162 may be, for example, 50 to 150 mm, preferably 80 to 110 mm. The vertical size (tunnel height) of the central region 163b can be, for example, 20 to 100 mm, preferably 30 to 50 mm. As described above, this size is substantially constant over the entire length of the central region 163b. The lateral size (tunnel width) of the hole 163 can be, for example, 50 to 300 mm, preferably 60 to 150 mm.

The description in the previous paragraph is based on the premise that the vertical size of the tunnel-shaped hole 163 fluctuates along the outer region 163a-central region 163b-inner region 163c, and is directed in the vertical direction in the furnace. This form is most preferred because it produces a sloping gas flow. However, embodiments are also contemplated in which the lateral size of the hole 163 varies.

The horizontal length of the hole 163 as a whole (the depth of the tunnel) can be, for example, 150 to 350 mm, preferably 200 to 250 mm. It is preferable that 10 to 25% of the total length of the hole 163 is occupied by the inner region 163c. It is preferable that 15 to 50% of the total length of the hole 163 is occupied by the central region 163b. It is preferable that 30 to 70% of the total length of the hole 163 is occupied by the outer region 163a. In one preferred embodiment, the horizontal length of the outer region 163a is greater than or equal to the horizontal length of the central region 163b and the horizontal length of the inner region 163c is greater than or equal to the horizontal length of the central region 163b. be.

The holes 163 having the above-mentioned shape and dimensions can be formed by using, for example, a brick block in which the portions corresponding to the outer region 163a and the inner region 163c are cut diagonally. Brick is preferable because it also has a heat storage effect and can make the tuyere temperature uniform. In the example shown in FIG. 2A, a brick block originally having a rectangular cross section is cut diagonally at two points to form a hexagonal profile. However, the outer region 163a and / or the inner region 163c can be cut deeper into a pentagonal or trapezoidal profile. In the example of FIG. 2A, the hole 163 is defined by a horizontal, flat ceiling. This is preferred, but not necessarily limited to, the shape of the ceiling of the hole 163.

The number and position of the holes 163 in the vertical grid 160 can be adjusted according to the size and type of the object to be processed and the size of the vertical furnace 110 itself. For example, in the specific example shown in FIG. 1, a large number of holes are densely provided from the top to the bottom of the vertical grid 160, but the area ratio of the "wall" lacking the holes is further increased to reduce the density of the holes. You can also. The total number of holes 163 per vertical furnace can typically be 50-80. When constructing a furnace, it is convenient to make a large number of holes and appropriately close the holes when using the reaction facility 100 to adjust the number and position of the holes 163.

FIG. 2B shows an example in which a part of the vertical grid 160 is viewed from the inside of the vertical furnace 110. This example includes a narrow horizontal hole (bottom) formed by the width of one brick block and a wider hole (top and center) formed by the width of two brick blocks. As described above, the size of each hole 163 can also be adjusted according to the size and type of the object to be processed, the size of the vertical furnace 110 itself, and the like. Adjusting the size or opening area of the hole 163 is associated with adjusting the rate of heat flow exiting the tuyere, which can reach as high as 20 m / s.

An air box 140 is further provided on the outside of the lower portion 112 of the vertical furnace. In the particular example shown in FIG. 1, the air box 140 is provided adjacent to the combustion chamber 130. In this way, the gas in the air box can be heated by the heat of the combustion chamber 130. _{A CO 2} (carbon dioxide) -containing gas is introduced into the air box 140 via a blower or the like (not shown). Air also is slightly said to CO ₂ containing gas for containing carbon dioxide, it is preferable CO ₂ containing gas in the present embodiment is a high CO ₂ concentration gas. In the present disclosure, a high CO ₂ concentration gas is defined as a gas having a higher carbon dioxide concentration than air and a lower oxygen concentration than air. The high CO ₂ concentration gas is typically an exhaust gas generated when something is burned in a facility other than the reaction facility, for example, from a chimney of a factory, an incineration treatment facility, a thermal power plant, or the like. It can be an exhaust gas that is released. The carbon dioxide concentration of the high CO ₂ concentration gas may be, for example, 5% by volume or more, 15% by volume or more, 50% by volume or more, or 100% by volume. The oxygen concentration of the high CO ₂ concentration gas may be, for example, 20% by volume or less, 10% by volume or less, 5% by volume or less, or 0% by volume.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, the blowing nozzle 150 penetrates the air box 140, and the tip of the blowing nozzle 150 is connected to the internal space of the vertical furnace 110. For example, the blowing nozzle 150 further penetrates the combustion chamber 130 from the air box 140, and the portion of the inner wall of the lower part 112 of the vertical furnace lacking the vertical grid 160 (or the portion of the vertical grid 160 lacking the hole 163). ) Can be connected to the internal space of the vertical furnace 110. Alternatively, if the air box 140 does not overlap the combustion chamber 130, the blowing nozzle 150 may penetrate only the air box 140 and then its tip may be connected to the internal space of the furnace through the inner wall of the vertical furnace 110. good.

In any case, the blowing nozzle 150 is connected to the air box 140 via the opening / closing port 151, and the tip is connected to the internal space of the vertical furnace 110. An opening and closing means a structure that can be opened and closed at least. When the opening / closing port 151 is opened, gas flows into the blowing nozzle 150 from the air box 140 where the internal gas pressure has risen and is discharged into the internal space of the vertical furnace 110, and when the opening / closing port 151 is closed, air is generated. The inflow of gas from the box 140 into the blowing nozzle 150 and the discharge into the internal space of the vertical furnace 110 are blocked. It is also preferable that the opening / closing port 151 is configured so that the size of the opening can be continuously or discontinuously changed between the closed state and the fully opened state.

Since the blowing nozzle 150 can blow gas onto the object to be treated with a strong wind force of about 20 m / s or more, the ash layer or the like deposited on the surface of the object to be treated is blown off to expose the carbon-containing substance and promote the reaction. Has an effect. It can also provide the effect of blowing off the mass of material to be treated that has become brittle due to thermal decomposition. Further, if necessary, combustion and / or oxidation of the object to be treated can be promoted depending on the oxygen content of the _{CO 2-} containing gas introduced into the air box 140.

The number of the blowing nozzles 150 is one or more, and preferably a plurality of blowing nozzles 150 are installed so as to surround the vertical furnace 110, more preferably radially. The installation interval between the plurality of blowing nozzles 150 on the inner wall of the vertical furnace 110 can be, for example, an interval of 300 to 2000 mm, preferably an interval of 400 to 800 mm. The blowing nozzle 150 may be installed at an angle toward the center of the vertical furnace 110 (cylinder), but the angle is shifted from that angle to scrape off the outer shell portion of the aggregate to be processed deposited in the furnace. It is preferable to install in. The blowing nozzles 150 having different angles may be combined. The blowing nozzles 150 installed at different heights may be combined. By incorporating heat-resistant glass at the end of the blowing nozzle 150 projecting out of the vertical furnace 110, it is possible to allow the operator to observe the inside of the furnace or to monitor it with a camera.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing details of an embodiment of a blowing nozzle 150 having an opening / closing port 151. In this embodiment, the blowing nozzle 150 includes an outer cylinder 152 and an inner cylinder 153 nested inscribed in the outer cylinder 152, and the outer cylinder 152 and the inner cylinder 153 each have a hole in the side surface of the body of the cylinder. There is. Then, an opening / closing port 151 capable of continuously changing the size of the opening is provided by rotating the outer cylinder 152 and / or the inner cylinder 153 with respect to each other to change the area where the holes overlap with each other. There is. For example, the inner cylinder 153 can be rotated with respect to the fixed outer cylinder 152 by manually turning the lever 154 provided at the end of the inner cylinder 153 by an operator outside the vertical furnace 110. ..

FIG. 3A shows a state in which the opening / closing port 151 is almost fully opened. Since the region including at least the opening / closing port 151 on the side surface of the fuselage of the blowing nozzle 150 faces the internal space of the air box 140 as shown in FIG. 1, the internal gas pressure rises in the state of FIG. 3 (A). Gas flows into the blowing nozzle 150 from the air box 140 (arrow in FIG. 3A), and the inflowing gas is discharged from the tip of the blowing nozzle 150 into the internal space of the vertical furnace 110 (the arrow below). FIG. 3 (A) right arrow). FIG. 3B shows a state in which the lever 154 is rotated 90 degrees, that is, the inner cylinder 153 is rotated 90 degrees with respect to the outer cylinder 152, and the opening / closing port 151 is completely closed. In this case, since the hole of the outer cylinder 152 and the hole of the inner cylinder 153 do not overlap, the inflow of gas from the air box 140 and the discharge of gas into the furnace are blocked. In actual operation, it is more common to make fine adjustments by slightly moving the lever 154 (for example, tapping it with a hammer) rather than switching between the fully open state and the closed state.

The processing speed or the residence time in the furnace of the object to be processed can be adjusted by the total opening area of the holes of the vertical lattice 160 and the air volume and frequency of the blowing by the blowing nozzle 150. For example, for an object to be treated with a relatively low thermal decomposition efficiency, the processing speed can be increased by increasing the above parameters, and the entire process of descending in the furnace can be promoted. It should be noted that the vertical grid or holes as described above may be arranged on the portion of the wall of the lower portion 112 of the vertical furnace facing the air box 140, but this is not essential.

Reaction equipment 100 supplies the high CO ₂ concentration gas in air box 140 is connected to the air box 140 may further comprise a high CO ₂ concentration gas supply unit. In a simpler example, the high CO ₂ concentration gas supply unit is _{a conduit that introduces gas from the high CO 2} concentration gas supply source into the air box 140, and this conduit is a blower or a blower that causes internal pressure in the air box 140. May be equipped with a pump. _{The high CO 2} concentration gas supply unit 170 in the example shown in FIG. 1 includes a water tank for accommodating water. In this particular embodiment, the conduit breaks once in the water and then resumes above the surface of the water, leading to the airbox 140. As mentioned above, the high CO ₂ concentration gas is typically an exhaust gas from an industrial facility and may contain harmful substances, burning particles and the like. These things can be removed by passing the gas through water once.

A known catalyst may be installed inside the lower part 112 of the vertical furnace, that is, in the portion corresponding to the reaction layer described later. Examples of known catalysts include hydrogenation catalysts including nickel catalysts, ruthenium catalysts, rhodium catalysts, palladium catalysts, or platinum catalysts.

The lowermost portion 113 of the vertical furnace 110 is at least partially immersed in the stored water held in the water storage unit 120. That is, the vertical furnace 110 is held or suspended by a support structure (not shown) so that the lowermost portion 113 thereof is immersed in the stored water. The stored water serves to seal the bottom of the vertical furnace 110. The water storage unit 120 is preferably an artificial water storage tank, but may be derived from a natural product such as a pond. The water storage unit 120 is preferably configured so that the water level of the stored water can be adjusted. This can be achieved, for example, by adjusting the amount of stored water or adjusting the capacity of the water tank. When using the reaction facility 100, the lower end of the vertical furnace 110 should not be exposed from the stored water even at the lowest water level, and the distance from the lowermost end of the opening of the vertical grid 160 to the water surface should be within 600 mm. Is preferable. On the other hand, at the highest water level, the water surface should not reach the opening of the vertical grid 160. A grid or net that prevents the object to be disassembled from coming out from the lower end of the vertical furnace 110 may be stretched substantially horizontally on the lowermost portion 113.

The configuration in which the bottom 113 of the vertical furnace 110 is at least partially immersed in the water reservoir 120 provides some advantages in the reaction equipment of this embodiment. First, the stored water itself of the water storage unit 120 located in the vicinity of the vertical grid 160 reacts with the hot object to be treated, and the interaction between substances promoted by the high temperature gas flow generated by the vertical grid 160 or Involved in chemical reactions. This point will be described in detail later. Secondly, by adjusting the water level as described above, the capacity of the furnace and the reaction in the furnace can be adjusted. Thirdly, the furnace expands and contracts because it is exposed to a significantly high temperature during use, but in the present embodiment, since the lower end of the furnace is free in water, expansion and contraction of the entire length of the furnace can be allowed, and the structure of the furnace can be increased. The burden is buffered. Fourth, the object to be treated gradually descends from the upper part of the furnace while undergoing thermal decomposition, etc., but when it finally reaches the stored water, the entire treatment is automatic or semi-automatic as an assembly line. At the same time, the separation and recovery of the finally remaining solid matter becomes easy. For example, a carbon-based solid having a light specific density floats on the surface of the water and is separated, while a metal having a heavy specific density, an inorganic residue, or the like can sink to the bottom of the water storage portion and be separated. Although not shown, a scraper (ash removal device), a pusher, a conveyor, or the like for collecting solids may be provided in the water storage unit 120.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, above the upper portion 111 of the vertical furnace 110, a dry distillation gas recovery unit 180 configured to recover the dry distillation gas rising in the vertical furnace is further provided. .. The carbonization gas recovery unit 180 includes at least a conduit connected to the inner space of the vertical furnace 110 and reaching the outside of the vertical furnace 110. This conduit may be equipped with a pump that actively sucks the carbonized gas out of the furnace. The carbonization gas recovery unit 180 further includes (1) a cyclone that separates and recovers solid fine particles suspended in the gas, and (2) a heat exchanger that cools the gas and separates and recovers liquid components (for example, a cooling water pipe, etc.). Included), (3) carbonization separator, (4) oil-water separator, (5) gas purifier that separates and recovers different gas components through absorption into solution, solid adsorption, membrane permeation, chemical conversion, etc. May be equipped with equipment. One or more of these accessories may be connected to each other by conduits. These ancillary devices may be similar to those used in conventional carbonization furnaces and do not require detailed description. The fine particles may contain, for example, carbon fine particles, and the liquid component and the gas component may contain hydrocarbon-based substances having different molecular weights (number of carbon atoms).

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that each of these recovered substances obtained from above and below the reaction facility 100 has industrial usefulness. Therefore, the reaction facility 100 can be regarded as a production facility for producing a useful substance using the object to be treated as a raw material.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the uppermost portion of the vertical furnace 110 is closed by a lid 190. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the object to be processed is put into the vertical furnace 110 with the lid 190 open. The object to be treated may include, for example, rubber, waste such as household waste, plant or animal materials such as wood, synthetic resins, or mixtures thereof. After that, for example, the lid 190 is sealed with a sand seal to block the inflow of outside air from the top of the "cylinder" of the vertical furnace, so that the material to be processed can be carbonized inside the furnace. As described above, the inflow of outside air from under the "cylinder" is blocked by the stored water.

Further above the top of the vertical furnace 110, a workpiece supply tower containing two or more layers of dampers may be provided instead of the simple lid 190. Examples of such a multi-layered object supply tower are described in Patent Documents 1 to 4, and can be applied to the present embodiment.

The reaction equipment of the present invention can significantly improve the efficiency of treatment of the object to be treated and recovery of useful substances such as hydrocarbons and carbon as compared with the conventional carbonization furnace, and provide a treatment facility with less waste. be able to. It can be said that this reaction facility is not only a processing facility but also a production facility for useful substances.

For reference, the document "Carbonization and Coking Mechanism" (Iron and Steel, 1985, Vol. 71, No. 14, p. 1589-1595) describes the "chemical reaction during carbonization" of coal as follows. .. "During carbonization, the constituent molecules of coal basically undergo a thermal radical reaction. The reactions are (1) radical generation by bond cleavage, (2) radical-to-radical reaction, and (3) molecular-radical reaction. It is roughly classified. For the produced coke, what kind of liquid phase the coal gives through these reactions is the most important. (Omitted) At that time, prevention and re-decomposition of high molecular radicals are prevented. Dissolution into the liquid phase and stabilization by the addition reaction of low molecular weight radicals (particularly hydrogen atoms) play a major role in the properties of the liquid phase formed by coal. It is a dissolving action that disperses, and the role of the low molecular weight components that make up the liquid phase in coal is large. (See Figure 4). In the latter, hydrogen donation is a typical reaction mechanism, in which solid coal is directly carbonized when thermal decomposition radicals are hydrogenated to stabilize and form a liquid phase. Radicals may be donated to provide a liquid phase. The hydrogen donor may be contained in the coal itself, or may contain radicals added from the outside as additives. "

The present invention is not bound by a specific theory, and the overall picture of the reaction in the furnace is too large, as can be seen from the complicated description described above even for carbonization of coal, which can be said to be a relatively simple reaction. It is complicated and even a person skilled in the art cannot accurately describe the whole. However, FIG. 4 shows very schematically what can happen at least within the operating reaction facility 100. It should be noted that the description order here does not necessarily represent a time series, and these events can occur more or less simultaneously.

A carbonization area is formed near the center of the vertical furnace 110 (which can be substantially contained in the upper 111 of the vertical furnace), where the main dry distillation of the input (processed material), that is, the generation of volatile matter is generated. Pyrolysis with carbonization occurs. Of the inputs (processed objects) that were charged from the upper end of the vertical furnace 110 and accumulated, the ones above are relatively low in temperature and the degree of thermal decomposition is relatively low, but rise from the dry distillation area. It receives the heat flow of the carbonization gas that comes in and exchanges heat, and eventually the thermal decomposition progresses and descends according to the gravity. On the contrary, the carbonization gas loses some heat and reaches the carbonization gas recovery unit 180. In this way, heat is efficiently used in the vertical furnace without waste.

Below the carbonization area, a reaction layer is formed in the area corresponding to the lower part 112 of the vertical furnace. Typically, in the initial stage of operating the reaction equipment 100, the object to be treated in this region is directly ignited and burned to consume oxygen in the furnace, but it depends on the heat flow from the combustion chamber 130. Direct ignition may be unnecessary. When the oxygen concentration of the gas in the air box is high, the gas can be blown by the blowing nozzle 150 to increase the thermal power of combustion of the object to be processed. Even at the stage where oxygen in the furnace is consumed and major carbonization starts, the blowing nozzle 150 can be appropriately used to bring about an oxidation reaction under control. There is a considerable amount of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in the furnace, and when oxygen decreases and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases, the reaction tends to _{be C + CO 2 → 2CO.}

During combustion and carbonization, the surface of the object to be treated may be covered with a gas boundary film or ash layer, which may interfere with the chemical reaction ("Furn and Combustion Equipment" (First Edition), Taizo Kunii. Written by Science and Technology Co., Ltd., 4.4.1). In the reaction equipment of the present invention, by blowing gas at any time with the blowing nozzle 150, these reaction suppressing layers are blown off and the carbon-containing surface is exposed, so that the reaction of the object to be treated can be promoted and the treatment can be made more efficient. can.

Combustible oil is burned in the combustion chamber 130 to provide thermal energy required for carbonization and other reactions in the furnace. A heat flow is vigorously discharged from the combustion chamber 130 from the side of the vertical lattice 160 facing the inside of the furnace (also referred to as a tuyere), which forms a gas flow that diffuses or swirls near the tuyere in the furnace. This gas flow formed near the tuyere of the vertical grid 160 is called a raceway. In fact, in the vicinity of the tuyere, a void is observed in which the object to be treated is excluded due to the existence of the raceway. The raceway continuously exposes the carbon-containing surface of the object to be treated (rather than at any time) by a physical action similar to that of the blow nozzle 150, and circulates substances and energy around the surface of the object to be treated. It is thought to promote events at the molecular level regarding the chemical reaction of.

The solid matter derived from the object to be treated, which has become hot, undergoes thermal decomposition and macroscopically becomes smaller, and then descends in the furnace due to gravity. When these extremely high-temperature carbon-containing solids fall on the water surface of the water storage unit 120, they react with the water vapor generated there to generate a so-called water gas composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. These water vapor and hydrogen (indicated by H in FIG. 4) are subjected to interaction and reaction with the carbon (C) -containing component in the object to be treated, and hydrogen is supplied to carbon (indicated by CH in FIG. 4). and may directly or indirectly contribute to the generation of hydrocarbon-based material (C n _{H m).} That is, the arrangement in which the vertical grid 160 that provides the reaction energy and contributes to the creation of the reaction layer is close to the water storage unit 120 is strategic. One or more known metal catalysts may be placed in the reaction layer. Solid residues such as carbon-based substances and inorganic substances can be recovered on the water surface, water, or the bottom of the water storage unit 120. During the actual operation, the stored water in the water storage unit 120 was seen in a clear blue color to the bottom, and it was easy to separate and recover the solid matter. It is possible that some reaction product caused the purification of the water.

Gas reduction has been, or particulate state, a hydrocarbon-based material (C n _{H m)} and other of lighter material, rises in the vertical furnace 110, while supplying heat to the object to be processed undegraded, furnace It can be recovered from the dry distillation gas recovery unit 180 near the uppermost part of the. Carbon fine particles can be separated from the recovered gas, and when the gas is cooled by a heat exchanger or the like, liquid hydrocarbon oil can be generated from a part of the gas. This hydrocarbon oil can also be fed back as fuel oil to be burned in the combustion chamber 130.

The reaction equipment of the present invention can be applied not only to tires but also to various other objects to be treated. In addition, the reaction equipment of the present invention does not have a particular need to supply oxygen gas, hydrogen gas, etc. from the outside, but _{actively utilizes high CO 2} concentration gas, which is generally only discarded as exhaust gas in the atmosphere. can do.

100 Reaction equipment 110 Vertical furnace 120 Water storage unit 130 Combustion chamber 140 Air box 150 Blow nozzle 160 Vertical lattice

Claims (3)

A cylindrical vertical furnace with an upper part, a lower part, and a lowermost part,
A water storage unit that holds the stored water in which the bottom of the vertical furnace is at least partially immersed.
A combustion chamber provided adjacent to the outer periphery of the vertical furnace on the outside of the lower part of the vertical furnace, and
An air box further provided on the outside of the lower part of the vertical furnace, and
It is equipped with a blowing nozzle that is connected to the air box via an opening / closing port and whose tip is connected to the internal space of the vertical furnace.
The combustion chamber and the internal space of the vertical furnace are separated by a vertical lattice, and the vertical lattice connects a first opening facing the combustion chamber and a second opening facing the internal space of the vertical furnace. Form a hole,
The hole has an outer region, a central region, and an inner region, the outer region gradually narrows from the first opening to the central region, and the central region has a substantially constant narrowness, and the inner region has a substantially constant narrowness. The region widens from the central region to the second opening at an opening angle of 55-65 °.
Reaction equipment. The blowing nozzle includes an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder nested inscribed in the outer cylinder, and the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder each have a hole in the side surface of the body of the cylinder, and the outer cylinder and / The reaction facility according to claim 1, wherein the opening / closing port is provided by rotating the inner cylinder with respect to each other to change the area where the holes overlap with each other. Connected to said air box for supplying a high CO ₂ concentration gas in the air box, further comprising a high CO ₂ concentration gas supply unit, reaction equipment according to claim 1 or 2.

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