CA2522384A1 - Biomass conversion by combustion - Google Patents

Biomass conversion by combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2522384A1
CA2522384A1 CA002522384A CA2522384A CA2522384A1 CA 2522384 A1 CA2522384 A1 CA 2522384A1 CA 002522384 A CA002522384 A CA 002522384A CA 2522384 A CA2522384 A CA 2522384A CA 2522384 A1 CA2522384 A1 CA 2522384A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
vessel
reactor vessel
exterior
combustion
carbon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002522384A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2522384C (en
Inventor
Ronald Keith Giercke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DUNFORD HOLDINGS Inc
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US11/255,171 priority Critical patent/US7906695B2/en
Publication of CA2522384A1 publication Critical patent/CA2522384A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2522384C publication Critical patent/CA2522384C/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G1/00—Furnaces for cremation of human or animal carcasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/36—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a conical combustion chamber, e.g. "teepee" incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/06—Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/04—Regulating air supply or draught by operation of single valves or dampers by temperature sensitive elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/16—Waste feed arrangements using chute
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/18—Waste feed arrangements using airlock systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
    • F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/70—Incinerating particular products or waste
    • F23G2900/7003—Incinerating litter from animals, e.g. poultry litter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/70—Incinerating particular products or waste
    • F23G2900/7009—Incinerating human or animal corpses or remains
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07008—Injection of water into the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/05004—Special materials for walls or lining
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Abstract

Break down of waste materials such as animal parts are carried out by pyrolysis, gasification and combustion using a reactor vessel with a conical lower portion located within an exterior vessel. Feed material is deposited in continuous mode through an air lock at the top and falls by gravity alone into the lower cone portion. The cone geometry supports organic feedstocks, eliminating the requirement for grates or other combustion support systems. Organic material that may escape gasification and exit the bottom of the cone accumulates within the ash and carbon particle volume until burned. Carbon is sequestered from high energy feedstocks and is stored in a chamber below the gasification cone. This carbon supplements the energy output of lower energy feedstocks to maintain desired operating temperatures at all times.

Claims (30)

1. A method for combustion comprising:
providing a combustible feed material;
providing a reactor vessel for initial heating of the feed material;
locating the reactor vessel at least partly within an exterior vessel such that combustion of material in the exterior vessel causes heating of the feed material in the reactor vessel;
feeding the feed material into the reactor vessel through an air lock feed system;
causing the combustion in the exterior vessel to heat the feed material in the reactor vessel to a temperature above 600 degrees Celsius so as to cause the feed material in the reactor vessel to break down to breakdown products comprising solid materials including carbon and gaseous materials including water vapour and combustible gases;
introducing combustion air into the exterior chamber for mixing with the breakdown products to effect combustion thereof;
causing the breakdown products to exit the reactor vessel into the exterior vessel for combustion therein to form solid combustion products and gaseous combustion products;
providing a flue for extraction of the gaseous combustion products from the exterior chamber and generating a flow of the gaseous combustion products from the exterior chamber into the flue;
providing an extraction system for the solid combustion products from a bottom of the exterior vessel.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the reactor vessel is formed from a ceramic material.
3. The method according to Claim 2 wherein the ceramic material is hexoloy or equivalent.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the exterior vessel is lined with a refractory material.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the reactor vessel includes a part which projects into the exterior vessel in a manner which allows the combustion gases to pass around the reactor vessel for heating the reactor vessel.
6. The method according to Claim 5 wherein the reactor vessel includes a portion which descends down into the exterior vessel such that the combustion gases pass around all sides.
7. The method according to claim 6 wherein the portion of the reactor vessel is generally conical converging from an upper mouth into which the feed materials are deposited to a smaller bottom opening.
8. The method according to claim 6 wherein the portion of the reactor vessel includes an upper mouth and a bottom discharge opening such that the feed materials pass therethrough by gravity and wherein the portion has a shape such that feed material fed into the reactor vessel is restricted by the shape of the portion in flowing downwards to the open bottom discharge opening sufficiently to maintain the feed materials in the portion to allow the breakdown to occur.
9. The method according to Claim 8 wherein the portion includes members located on an inner surface of the reactor vessel.
10. The method according to Claim 9 wherein the members are movable relative to the inner surface.
11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein there is provided a bed of carbon at the bottom of the exterior vessel onto which the solid breakdown products from the reactor vessel fall.
12. The method according to Claim 11 wherein the breakdown products from the reactor vessel are free to fall onto the bed of carbon without any intervening grate such that the feed materials can fall from the feed inlet to the bottom of the exterior vessel by gravity and are maintained in the reactor vessel for breakdown by the shape and arrangement of the reactor vessel and are prevented from reaching the bottom of the exterior vessel by the carbon bed.
13. The method according to Claim 12 wherein the materials move from the feed opening through the reactor vessel to the bottom of the exterior vessel solely by gravity without assistance of moving elements providing motive power thereto.
14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13 wherein there is provided a carbon bed in the exterior vessel from carbon produced in the breakdown and wherein air supply to the exterior vessel is controlled to increase or decrease the rate of combustion of the carbon bed such that the temperature of the exterior vessel is maintained at a required temperature above 600 degrees Celsius.
15. The method according to Claim 14 wherein heat from combustion of the carbon bed is used to maintain the temperature at the required temperature without additional fuel.
16. The method according to Claim 14 wherein the feed material includes more than 50% water content while the carbon bed maintains the temperature at the required temperature without additional fuel.
17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 wherein the feed material includes a slurry containing at least 50% water and wherein the reactor vessel is shaped and arranged to maintain the slurry in the reactor vessel for a sufficient period of time to effect said breakdown while allowing the breakdown products to fall from the reactor vessel under gravity.
18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17 wherein release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is reduced by removing carbon from the carbon bed at the bottom of the exterior vessel.
19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18 wherein there is provided a water injection system for adding water into the reactor vessel.
20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19 wherein the air lock feed system is operated to add feed materials to the reactor vessel to maintain feed products in the reactor vessel for operation in a continuous mode.
21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 20 wherein combustion air used to oxidize the product gases leaving the reactor vessel and carbon particles in the exterior chamber is preheated to over 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21 wherein the volume and temperature of combustion air used to oxidize the product gases leaving the reactor vessel and carbon particles in the exterior chamber are controlled to control the rate of breakdown of the feed material in the reactor vessel.
23. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 22 wherein a combustion region in the exterior vessel is arranged to minimize flame contact with an interior surface of the exterior vessel and an exterior surface of the portion of the reactor vessel.
24. The method according to claim 23 wherein combustion air is dispersed into the combustion region through a plurality of perimeter openings in the exterior vessel perimeter such that flame occurs in space between the exterior surface of the portion of the reactor vessel and the interior surface of the exterior vessel.
25. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 24 wherein there is provided a rapid response anticipatory control including a residual oxygen sensor in the stack gas stream for controlling the temperature of the reactor vessel.
26. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 25 wherein the combustion is arranged to provide a retention time of at least the order of two seconds in the exterior vessel.
27. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 26 wherein the exterior vessel includes a first chamber defining a first combustion stage arranged to heat the reaction vessel and a second chamber defining a second combustion stage.
28. The method according to claim 27 wherein the combustion is arranged to provide a retention time of at least the order of two seconds in the second combustion stage and wherein the temperature of the reaction vessel is controlled by varying the temperature in the first stage.
29. The method according to claim 28 wherein the second chamber surrounds the first chamber and the reactor vessel is located within the first chamber.
30. The method according to claim 28 wherein the volume and temperature of combustion air supplied to the first chamber is used to control the temperature in the reactor vessel.
CA2522384A 2004-10-25 2005-10-18 Biomass conversion by combustion Active CA2522384C (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/255,171 US7906695B2 (en) 2004-10-25 2005-10-21 Biomass conversion by combustion

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US62104704P 2004-10-25 2004-10-25
US60/621,047 2004-10-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2522384A1 true CA2522384A1 (en) 2006-04-25
CA2522384C CA2522384C (en) 2012-03-06

Family

ID=36226817

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA2522384A Active CA2522384C (en) 2004-10-25 2005-10-18 Biomass conversion by combustion

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CA (1) CA2522384C (en)
WO (1) WO2006045179A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008034263A1 (en) * 2006-09-22 2008-03-27 Brookes David R Gasifier and incinerator for biomass sludge destruction

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI2606105T3 (en) * 2010-08-16 2023-01-31 Sandwich gasification process for high-efficiency conversion of carbonaceous fuels to clean syngas with zero residual carbon discharge
EP3088368A1 (en) * 2015-04-29 2016-11-02 SCW Systems B.V. Apparatus for and method of processing a slurry containing organic components

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4112364B2 (en) * 2000-11-17 2008-07-02 ジョー・エンタープライジズ・リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニー Small scale high throughput biomass gasification system and method
CA2442431A1 (en) * 2003-09-16 2005-03-16 Douglas Wilbert Paul Smith Combustion process and apparatus to minimize production of fly ash

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008034263A1 (en) * 2006-09-22 2008-03-27 Brookes David R Gasifier and incinerator for biomass sludge destruction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2522384C (en) 2012-03-06
WO2006045179A1 (en) 2006-05-04

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