DE2141171A1 - Method and apparatus for disposing of gauze - Google Patents

Description

PATENT ADVOCATE DR.-ING. LOTTERHOS

6000 FRANKFURT (MAIN)

ANNASTRASSE 19 TELEPHONE: (0611) 555061 TELEGRAMMEi LOMOSAPATENT LANDESZENTRALBANK 50007149 POSTSCHECK ACCOUNT FFM. 1667

FRANKFÜRT (MAIN), born ₁ Aug. 1371

Ebara Infilco Eabushiki Kaisha Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Method and device for waste disposal

The invention relates to a method for garbage disposal with successive steps for Drying, gasification and incineration of the waste and a device for carrying out this process, wherein it is especially possible to collect rubbish from the cities and industrial waste eliminate together.

In general, the urban garbage and are of the most diverse Waste originating from industrial companies is very different in terms of its type and consists mainly of, for example from digested sludge, which is composed of rotten water from sewers or other waste liquids, which mainly consist of organic materials and also of other various types of waste,

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such as plastic waste, tires and other rubbery ones Objects, abandoned building materials, such as waste wood or concrete rubble metal waste, oil-impregnated Rags, waste oils and the like. The combustible substances among this waste are also very diverse and encompassing those substances that have a relatively low caloric value in the order of 12oo kcal / kg and range up to zu ^ ejien, which have an exceedingly high caloric value in the order of magnitude of 7,000 kcal / kg. For these reasons, there are various types of exclusive disposal facilities required to dispose of these waste materials one by one according to their type. Such an approach is open-

™ visibly uneconomical when factors such as the required installation site, the economic viability of the Process, the degree of hardness of the relevant process engineering, etc. are considered together. Are common the various waste materials mixed up on an accumulated heap of waste, making it extremely difficult is to sort out these materials according to their different types. In addition, it is hardly possible to use all of these waste materials to burn completely with the help of ordinary combustion processes, so that for these reasons the Incineration of waste materials by ordinary incineration methods poses many difficult problems, such as-

fc, for example, the production of foul smelling fragrances because of the incomplete combustion, increase in the difficulty of waste gas removal due to the increase in the amount of gas in the Chimneys, increase in high-temperature corrosion associated with the rise in furnace temperature and difficulties because of the occurrence of fly ash and an increase in unburned matter in the ashes. Also the removal of the ashes poses problems such as the distribution of the ash dust or the handling of the bad water. In addition, there must be possible corrosion and damage to various machines and instruments, as well such as pollution and destruction from harmful

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Gases that are made up of (boron compounds or similar substances, such as vinyl chloride, resins are produced, a special one Attention should be paid. There are many others Inconvenience and economic disadvantage. In order to facilitate the incineration, a gasification is carried out, by blowing air and steam as a gasification agent to prevent oxidation and reduction prior to incineration To carry out decomposition (gasifying reduction). The expected purpose is achieved in the case where the nature of the matter, to be burned is uniform, such as coal, wood and charcoal, but the wastes vary of any kind extraordinary, as previously described, and the reaction speed of the gasification is different noticeably depending on the type of waste. As a result, it is not easy to accomplish the expected task and the running cost of such incineration equipment adds up to and does an extraordinary amount Process uneconomical.

The invention is therefore based on the object of a method and a device for the effective removal of conventional and to specify the waste products described above in order to render them harmless by simultaneously using them without separation to be treated and by the different wastes individually treated so that the possibility of public harassment is excluded, but the handling is nonetheless the waste is greatly facilitated. Another object of the invention is to provide reuse of the generated gases and a gain in thermal efficiency to realize the handling of the remaining To facilitate substances and their recovery and to exclude environmental pollution.

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Yet another object of the invention is to provide a Improvement of the efficiency and a simplification of the treatment process ensure the installation and Significantly lower operating costs to enable an existing facility, such as a Veras equipment, to use and propose equipment that is simple in its construction and inexpensive in terms of their cost is.

The solution to these problems is that in a Ver-P drive for garbage disposal with one after the other Steps for drying, gasification and incineration of the garbage is proposed that those generated in the gasification stage Gases passed out of the drying stage and after removal harmful constituents are reheated and fed back to the drying stage in order to remove them in the incineration stage to use as auxiliary fuels, while a part of the exhaust gases generated in the incineration stage used in the gasification stage and the rest is led out, so that with the heat remaining in it air can be heated, which is partly the incineration and partly the gasification stage is fed, so that the fed to the drying stage fc garbage is eliminated.

To carry out this procedure, a device is proposed, in which, according to the invention, a drying section has a refuse feed device, at its upper part a discharge • gas outlet opening and at its lower part for the heated gas has a blow-off opening, furthermore a reducing section has at its lower part a vent opening for air of high humidity and temperature, and wherein a Oxidation section with an incinerator and a Exhaust outlet opening and with a reflective wall

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around the top wall, a vent opening for high temperature air and a residue outlet opening on its lower one Part is provided and where the drying, reducing and the oxidizing section successively from top to bottom are arranged.

According to the invention, there is also an incineration device with a combustion zone and an exhaust gas outlet opening, and a fire-resistant wall around the upper side, the drying and reducing section and the Incineration device are arranged one after the other from top to bottom.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to a few exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Here show:

FIG. 1 shows a process flow chart;

FIG. 2 shows a side view in section of a device for removing debris;

Figure 3 is a sectional side view of another embodiment of the invention; '

Figure 4- and 5 side views of further embodiments and

Figure 6 is an elevational cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the invention.

The invention will now be described in detail with reference to a preferred embodiment shown in FIGS described in more detail. The invention is through a removal

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device characterized, generally indicated at 12, in which the drying, the gasification and the incineration stage can be carried out continuously. The waste to be disposed of is first in the drying stage fed after they have been crushed into coarse pieces of suitable sizes. In the drying stage, the fabrics Maintained at a suitable temperature with the help of a sensible heat of a heated gas, which by a highly heated Combustion gas is introduced separately, which is generated in the subsequent gasification stage, and is dried, until they are substantially drained. The waste that is sufficiently dried in this way and preheated in the drying stage are then brought into the gasification stage, where they come into contact with hot exhaust gases in the subsequent ashing stage, and will be thereby heated up very quickly and reach the ignition temperature, whereby, however, an ignition by the supply of Suppressed air of high temperature brought to a certain moisture content, as described later so that the temperature remains in an optimal condition, resulting in rapid gasification and charring of the combustible components is accelerated, with the resulting high temperature combustion gases Drying stage can be returned for further use. In the gasification stage, the waste is also due to the gasification of a significant part of the volatile components and a portion of the solid carbon are considerably reduced in weight and then, while those on one are kept high temperature, fed to the subsequent incineration stage. In the incineration stage, the waste under sintering with the aid of a burner supplied with fuel mixed with oil, high temperature heating subject to the high temperature combustible gas, as will be described later, as an auxiliary fuel is used, with the supply of air higher

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Temperature, which turns the waste into a molten or semi-molten mass is transferred. The latter is then placed in a watertight granulator 4-, in which the mass is cooled, granulated and then removed from the system.

During the process described above, the combustible gases generated in the gasification stage are vented after they have been used in the drying stage. These gases can contain certain corrosive gaseous components, such as chlorine gas or hydrogen chloride, depending on the type of waste treated. The combustible gases thus derived are suitably cooled in a heat exchanger 5 and are then fed to a fractionation column (dephlegmator) 6, whereby chlorine gases, hydrogen chloride and other caustic constituents are dissolved and separated in water and recovered in the form of a chemical agent such as hydrochloric acid. The gases purified in this way are preheated by said heat exchanger 5 and returned to the drying stage and are used as auxiliary fuel in the incineration stage , while the superfluous gases are stored in a gas container 7 for use as fuel for other purposes. The exhaust gases generated in the incineration stage are partially returned to the gasification stage so that they can be used for the gasification reaction, while the majority of these gases are passed through an air preheater 8, a recovery device 9 for waste heat and a dust collector 1o and into the atmosphere through a chimney 11 is delivered. The air preheated in the air preheater 8 is partly fed to the incineration stage, while the other part is fed to the gasification stage, after which it is appropriately mixed in the humidity adjusting device 2o, in which steam is mixed with the air

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being prepared.

The disposal device 12, in which the drying, gasification and incineration stage are built in a subsequent manner is constructed as follows. The drying, Gasification or reduction section and the incineration or oxidation section are connected to one another and above of the drying stage are a waste supply opening 23 with discharge devices 21 and 22 and an exhaust gas discharge opening 24 and a lower part of the drying section is connected to a nozzle 25 through which heated gas is introduced. A nozzle 26 is connected to the gasification section 2, through which air of high humidity and high Temperature is introduced and at the bottom of the incineration section 3 a rotatable conical part 27 is provided, so that high temperature air can be blown through the feed 28 from below into said section. Further are an auxiliary burner 32 that fires with oil or fuel gases can be, and an exhaust gas outlet 33 is provided. A reflective wall 29 is provided around the upper peripheral wall of the incineration section 3 and this is provided on the bottom Section there is a drain opening 3o for the residue with a watertight arranged underneath the same Slag container 31.

The gasification and / or the reduction section, each of which has a conical shape, can be located on a part of the circumferential wall be designed to be rotatable.

The wall at the reducing section 2 can be partially water-cooled Be designed on the water vapor is generated by utilizing the heat loss, then dft

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can be mixed with the air holier temperature which is injected through the inlet port 26, and also the water-cooled construction be rotatable, so that the amount which the subsequent * oxidation stage 3 is supplied can be measured.

The waste 13 to be treated is delivered to the waste inlet port 23 by means of a crane or some other means and then arrive in the drying section 1, in which the loading device 21 is opened and the device 22 is closed when loading. After the loading device 21 has been closed, the device 22 is then opened. In this drying section 1, the waste is both by a flammable gas, which is at a high Temperature, and from the lower reducing section 2 rises upwards as well as from the heated gas blown through the nozzle 25 to a suitable temperature held. The wastes then sink into the reducing section 2 as they lose almost all of their water. The trash, which are completely dried and in the drying section 1 are therefore reduced even further and quickly by using the high temperature gas produced by the lower oxidation level rises, come into contact, so that they then reach their ignition temperature. The temperature in the reducing section 2 is kept at its optimal state by adding an adequate amount of high temperature air, which has a fixed degree of humidity (containing water vapor) is blown from the opening 26 to the flammable Quickly gasify and char components in the waste. The waste, most of which is volatile Compounds and part of the solid carbon in the reduction section 2 were gassed, reduce their energy

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weight and reach the subsequent oxidation section J. In the oxidation section 3, the wastes by high temperature air, which from the auxiliary burner 32 and the lower part of the rotatable conical fire grate 27 are fed, burned and oxidized. The residue of the waste, which is further melted by the warmth toiira m 'slag reflected from the upper peripheral wall 29 and is then melted through Rotation of the grate 27 slagged and falls from the outlet opening 3o into the watertight slag container 31 down to be granulated.

Most of the burned exhaust gases generated in the oxidizing section 3 are discharged from the exhaust gas discharge port 33 released to the outside world. Compartment which is used to preheat the combustion air in the oxidation section 3 and the Gasification air has been used in the reducing section 2, these pass from a chimney by means of heat recovery its device and through a dust collecting device, which is not shown in detail, into the atmosphere. A Part of the burned exhaust gases, however, rises into the reducing section 2 in order to accelerate its gasification reaction. The flammable gas generated in the reducing section 2 in the course of the gasification reaction contains poisonous ones P Substances such as sulfides, chlorides, halogne and so on that cause nuisance to the population can, if these gases are released into the atmosphere, as has been the case up to now or they have the effect, that all kinds of equipment will rust if the gases are used directly as fuel. These flammable Exhaust gases to be discharged from the outlet opening 24 through the drying section 1 can accordingly with the heated gas blown into the drying section 1 from the nozzle 25 or with another Fuel, such as oil as auxiliary fuel in the oxidation

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section 3, are mixed and the remaining heat, which is held in the exhaust gas, can be used to preheat various Gases and air can also be used and the remaining amount can be stored in a gas container to make it usable for other purposes.

In the drawing, further elements and facilities are shown; so-with 13 are the waste to be treated denotes, with 14- a slag execution section, with 15 a line for a combustible gas, with 16 a discharge section for chemical agents, with 17 an exhaust pipe, with 18 an air supply and with 19 a steam supply.

According to the present invention, the drying, gasification and Continuous incineration stages for the waste to be treated and organically combined so that each stage can be operated at its full capacity, wherein Not only the removal of individual substances is permitted, but also the entire removal of the most diverse at the same time Types of waste. The harmful or corrosive gas-sand particles that are generated in the process will be destroyed also- not released to the outside, but separately and recovered within the system and for later use stored for appropriate purposes, while the remaining noxious combustible gases for reuse as an auxiliary heat source be put into circulation. The combustion exhaust gases generated in the incineration stage are moreover rendered harmless in order to prevent damage to the machines and instruments that could otherwise be caused by the effect of such gases can be caused and also the heat contained in the gases which is generated in each stage is effectively used to increase the heat efficiency, so that an ideal elimination of the exhaust gases

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is realized. In addition, as ash, metal waste and other substances melt in the incineration stage and are Slag are reduced, there is no risk of causing axle dust to be scattered. Furthermore arise no burning losses in the skin, so that this is perfect are harmless and hygienic and also easy to handle so that no secondary pollution is generated which contributes to the improvement of the environment. In addition, such a slag can be used as an aggregate or used as a base material for road construction. Thus, the wastes can be disposed of easily and efficiently, with it is not necessary to provide special disposal facilities for each type of waste. With that, when judging all different factors, such as the size of such a system or the profitability of the Procedure and also with regard to the problems associated with pollution and destruction, which are either resolved or reduced, a very effective

full elimination procedure achieved.

Reference is made below to FIGS. 3 to 5, in which various embodiments of the invention are shown are. As can be seen from Figure 3, the Oxidationsabsclmitt or the incineration device is equipped with a swingable lattice bridge 34 and a pushing device 35, while in the embodiment shown in Figure 4 · the Ashing device with a stepped furnace bridge 36 (Stoker) and a pusher 35 is provided, or as can be seen from Figure 5, with a rotatable shaft furnace 37 and a pusher 35 »being the air higher Temperature is blown from their lower inlet. The upper surrounding wall is made of a refractory material and at the lower part is an outlet opening 4-o

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intended for the residues with an underneath Ash container 41 is in communication. An auxiliary burner 42 for oil fuel gases is provided in the oxidizing section and an exhaust gas outlet opening 43.

A chimney is denoted by 44 and a crane by 45 for filling in the waste, with 46 a crane cabin, and with 47 a third air supply section. 48 denotes a Pit for waste, 49 a beater, 5o a damping device for adjusting the furnace pressure and 51 a drive system.

The invention makes it possible to improve the heat efficiency due to the fact that the burning rate in the oxidation section 3 and the amount of air that the Combustion is required can be controlled in a simple manner. The temperature in the oven can be unified because with the help of the reduction section for the reduction and decomposition of the wastes with the drying section which is equipped with the waste supply port, the oxidizing section being connected to the reducing section. Even if different types of waste mixed, these can be treated in one batch without a single or simultaneous separation is carried out, so that a combined drying and gasification reaction and an incineration process in continuous and can be carried out organically, the gasification reaction being accelerated by drying. In this way, incineration of the residues can be effected, which contain flammable solid constituents be generated as a by-product while in a high temperature state or in a state of a so-called "Flame - coal" are kept.

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It is possible according to the invention, the garbage or the waste without causing secondary pollution, by removing the noxious and poisonous gases from the exhaust gases passing through the oxidizing section 3 the exhaust port 43 can be drained.

The present invention has the features that the wastes which are otherwise difficult to treat, can be completely subjected to a continuous process that by a partial modification a conventional incinerator in connection with the device according to the invention easily and accurately carried out can be.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, there are within a main structure made of steel and of refractory material in a vertical, consecutive way from above down the following facilities:

A waste feed port 23, a drying section 1, a dry distillation section 52 for preheating and thermal Decomposition and dry distillation of dried waste, "a gasification section 3 for gasification of dried sections or a gasification section which has two treatment zones for oxidation and reduction and an incineration section 3 for the complete incineration or incineration of waste in order to render it harmless. On the upper part of the loading opening 23 is a garbage dump opening that is associated with an oven door 53 is provided, with an oven flap 54 · also being provided in the lower part of the loading opening 23.

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An outlet 55 for exhaust gases is provided on the upper side of the drying section 1, and a nozzle 56 for blowing in heated gases as a heat source for drying is arranged in the lower part thereof. To the lower part of the dry distillation section 52 and the gasification section 2, nozzles 57 and correspondingly 58 for blowing in air, mixtures of air and steam, of air and oxygen and steam or the like, are connected. The gasification section 2 is in the form of an inverted cone, as can be seen from the drawing, and the peripheral wall of the same can be designed to be rotatable and equipped with guide plates. In order to further homogenize the gasification reaction and to increase the efficiency of the same, a rotatable cylindrical fire grate 59 is provided which has projections or a protruding fire grate in the form of a triangular pyramid and the axis of the fire grate is designed in such a way that it is protected by cooling, so that it can serve as an opening for crushing and blowing through a gasified agent to prevent the formation of slag. In the aforementioned incineration section 3, incineration equipment is equipped with a vibrating fire grate 6o and a jig 61. The upper peripheral wall consists of a refractory body 62 and in the lower part of the same a discharge opening for the residues is opened and connected to an ash container 65, a pusher 64 being provided for discharge.

In the incineration section there is an opening 66 for injection of combustion air, an auxiliary burner 67 and an opening provided for the discharge of the exhaust gases.

In FIG. 6, reference numeral 69 denotes a conveyor elevator for loading waste and? O is a rotatable one Drive part denotes, where 71 »72 and 73 drive means represent. 209809/1165

Furthermore, it is "particularly advantageous to use the peripheral wall of the To design gasification section 2 partially water-cooled, so that the heat loss from the wall surface can be used to generate steam and the steam with it a gasified agent to mix that in the Trockendestillati ons cut from 52 and the gasification section 2 through the Openings 57 and 58 is blown in accordingly.

According to the present invention, a part of the combustible gas that rises from the gasification section 2 burns with it Help one through the nozzle 5? in. the lower part of the dry distillation section 52 injected gasified agent, whereby an exothermic reaction takes place. When the distillation and oxidizing the waste in the dry distillation section 52 takes place, the temperature of the exhaust gas rising from the dry distillation section 52 is maintained relatively high (e.g. higher than 300 ° C) and the dry state is even sufficient for waste that has moisture have, which varies in a wide range. The drying in the drying section 1 becomes extremely effective Wise carried out, and the drying and the dry distillation v / ground even v / effectively accelerated when the heated gases blown through the nozzle 56 decrease or the feed is shut off if circumstances so require.

The dry distillation waste reaches together with the partial oxidation products in the dry distillation section 52 directly the gasification section 2, which is arranged below in which an oxidation and reduction reaction takes place, i.e. a gasification reaction is caused by a gasification agent carried out, which is injected from the nozzle 58, and the high temperature gas rises through the grate 59 from the incineration section 3 upward. The main part of the volatile constituents and part of the solid carbon in the waste are gasified and the harmful constituents,

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such as sulfides, chlorides, halogen, etc. are gasified by the thermal decomposition of the waste.

As already described above, the waste loses in the gasification section 2 noticeably in weight and reaches the incineration section 3 in which it by the air, the is blown through the opening 66 and through the auxiliary burner 6? etc. is burned, and is reduced to ashes or slag, which is a very small amount of still unburned Having components which is pushed by the pushing device 64 for discharge into the ash container 65 and is unloaded by a transport device after cooling.

Most of the exhaust gases are in the incineration section generated after combustion are discharged to the outside through the exhaust port 68 using the air to heat in the gasification section 2 and the dry distillation section 52 is used as a gasification agent, which then passes from the chimney into the atmosphere a waste heat recovery device and a dust collection device not shown in detail in the drawing is drained. The rest of the exhaust gas rises into the gasification section 2 after combustion and accelerates the gasification reaction.

In the combustible exhaust gas generated by thermal decomposition in the dry distillation section 52 and the Vergasungsab section 2 , such harmful substances as sulfides, chlorides, halogens, etc. are contained. If this exhaust gas is released into the atmosphere without any treatment, it would pollute the environment and, if used as fuel, it would cause corrosion in the equipment in which it is used. As a result, will

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this exhaust gas that emerges from the opening 55 through the drying section 1 is drained j refined) to render it harmless and is made by known facilities for tar removal, dust collection as well as dechlorination and desulphurisation passed through. Thereafter, the exhaust gas can be used as a heating gas which is blown into the drying section 1 is or can be used to improve combustion, which is mixed with oil and other fuels and can be burned and if it is produced in abundance it can be stored in gas containers in order to to be used as fuel or for other purposes.

The present invention has advantageous features which are summarized below. This is how the Invention a non-selective or separate or · simultaneous disposal of the most diverse types of waste, whereby in the dry distillation section, the exhaust gas is obtained at high temperature conditions, which in the drying section rises and advantageously because of the partial oxidation and also because of the increase or decrease in Ratio of the dry distillation carries out an exothermic reaction and the temperature of the exhaust gas, which the Distillation section reached, adjusts. In the gasification section using a high temperature exhaust gas, which rises from the incineration section, a gasification reaction is carried out. The by-product residues, which Containing combustible solids are in a state of high temperature or in a red-hot state of the veras chungsab section fed to be burned there, so that the combustion process can be carried out accurately and easily can. The generated gas, being at a high temperature, is used directly and effectively because the Sections for drying, dry distillation, gasification and incineration are in connection with one another. In order to a satisfactory energy balance is achieved. With the

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Apparatus according to the invention becomes a continuous one Process flow enabled, with a partially rebuilt conventional incinerator to remove the most diverse Types of waste can be used by connecting other sections to it. This will make the Disposal capacity significantly expanded and the cost of equipment and process reduced.

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Claims (2)

FRANKFURT (MAIN), J 6. AüG. 1971 Claims Process for removing garbage with successive Steps for the drying, gasification and incineration of the garbage or the waste, characterized in that that the gases generated in the gasification stage led out of the drying stage and more harmful after removal Components reheated and returned to the drying stage be to this in the ashing stage as To use auxiliary fuels while part of the in the Incineration stage used exhaust gases in the gasification stage and the rest is led out, so that air can be heated with the heat remaining in it, which for Part of the incineration and part of the gasification stage is fed, so that the waste fed to the drying stage is eliminated. 2. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that a drying section (1) has a garbage feed device (23), an exhaust gas outlet opening (24) at its upper part and an injection opening (25) at its lower part for the heated gas that a reducing section (2) has an injection opening (26) for air of high humidity and temperature on its lower part and that an oxidation section (3) with an incineration device (27) and an exhaust gas outlet opening (33) and with a reflective wall ( 29) around the top wall, an inlet opening (32) for air higher -2-209809 / 1165 2Λ- 21 al Temperature and a residue outlet opening (3o) its lower part, with the drying, reducing and oxidizing sections nashing from above are arranged one after the other at the bottom. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that that an incineration device with a combustion zone and an exhaust gas outlet opening, as well as a fire-resistant wall is provided around the upper side and that the drying and reducing section and the veras locking device one after the other from top to bottom are arranged. 4, apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized ei gekennz seframe that a dry distillation section is provided at its lower part with a Einbaisoffnung for a gasified means that a gasification section at its lower part has an injection port for a gasified medium _s and that a Incineration section is provided with a combustion zone and has an exhaust gas outlet opening (33). 209809/1165