DE3614048A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GASIFYING LOW-QUALITY FUELS IN A FLUID METAL MELTING BATH - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method and Device required to carry out the method for the gasification of inferior fuels in one Flammable molten metal bath, especially one Iron melting bath.

When gasifying carbon and / or hydrocarbonaceous fuels in a molten metal bath such as an iron smelter, relatively high-quality fuels such as gas flame coal, anthracite, hard coal coke or brown coal coke with a sufficiently high calorific value must be used to compensate for heat losses in the gasification plant and to keep the temperature of the iron bath at a constant level. If the calorific value of the fuels to be gasified drops too much, a decrease in temperature and finally freezing of the iron bath can occur. This can be counteracted by operating with a stoichiometric oxygen ratio, which means that at least a portion of the high-energy process gas generated must be burned to introduce heat into the process. As a result, however, the quality of the process gas generated deteriorates. The disruptive CO ₂ and H ₂ O components would have to be subjected to a subsequent cost-causing gas cleaning stage or gas scrubbing in the case of high demands on the product gas.

From DE-OS 30 31 680 a method is known in which the process gas produced in the molten iron of a converter, essentially containing CO and H ₂ , by means of an oxidizing agent, for example oxygen or air, additionally blown onto the surface of the molten bath in the converter space above the melt is sucked in and partially burned, with the resulting heat of combustion being transferred to the molten iron. This should make it possible to use the known method for gasifying carbon-containing fuels in an iron bath converter without the addition of other high-energy fuels such as aluminum or silicon to gasify types of coal with a low calorific value. However, the product gas also contains a large proportion of CO ₂ and H ₂ O, which greatly reduces the gas quality.

It is an object of the invention to provide a method and a device required for carrying out the method for the gasification of inferior fuels in a molten metal molten bath, in particular an iron molten bath, with which a high-quality gas can be used to avoid CO ₂ / H ₂ O downstream gas scrubbing -Deposition can be generated with measures originating from the metallurgical field.

In procedural terms, it does the job solved that the inferior fuels in a first Reaction zone with a molten metal bath and high quality Fuels into a second reaction zone with a Metal molten bath are introduced, the gas spaces of the two reaction zones kept separate and the molten metal bath of the first reaction zone with the molten metal bath of the second reaction zone is mixed.  

Through the separate introduction of inferior Fuel into and out of the first reaction zone separate introduction of high quality fuels into the second reaction zone will be quite a number of Benefits achieved:

As a process gas, the second reaction zone produces a high quality gas that is not contaminated by CO ₂ and H ₂ O components. The low-energy exhaust gas that arises in the first reaction zone, mostly consisting of the volatile components of the inferior fuels, is partly burned completely to introduce heat into the molten metal bath and partly used for other tasks and purposes within the entire process. The carbon going into solution in the molten metal bath in the first reaction zone passes through mixing the molten metal bath from the first reaction zone with the molten metal bath from the second reaction zone into the decarburization or gasification region of the molten metal bath, in which the carbon dissolved in the metal in the second reaction zone is partially oxidized to gaseous carbon monoxide by injecting or inflating the gasification agent, such as oxygen or oxygen-enriched air or oxygen-enriched exhaust gas from the first reaction zone. The resulting high-quality product gas, which obtains its carbon content from high-quality and low-quality fuel, no longer requires gas scrubbing.

In an embodiment of the invention it is provided that Metal melt bath in the first reaction zone of one Slag layer is kept clear or one from Ash and non-combustible components of the to gasifying slag forming inferior fuels  is withdrawn from the molten metal bath, and into the second Reaction zone slag formers are introduced. On this ensures that in the first Reaction zone a good heat and mass transfer can be done. The burning of the fugitives Ingredients from the inferior fuels resulting heat can be without an obstacle Slag layer (with poor thermal conductivity) from Metal melting bath are included. The mass transfer or the solution of the carbon from the inferior fuel in the molten metal bath hindered by no slag layer and can due to the movement of the melt pool or the constant Mass transfer of the liquid phase between the two Reaction zones take place sufficiently quickly. The contained in the inferior fuels Most of the sulfur is in the molten metal bath in the first reaction zone in solution and is by the in the second reaction zone introduced basic Slag formers such as Lime in the form there Slag set, so that in the product gas generated almost no sulfur components are contained. The Slag in the second reaction zone will from time to time Subtracted time and again by added lime educated.

In a further embodiment of the invention, that as an inferior fuel lignite, inferior hard coal, peat, wood, sawdust, Sawdust, straw, agricultural waste products, Tar, bitumen, pitch, waste oil, heavy oil, oil shale, Household waste, bulky waste, waste materials, plastics, Sewage sludge, car tires, waste rubber or similar Containing carbon and hydrocarbons Materials as well as mixtures of these materials in  according to crushed or agglomerated form in the first reaction zone with molten metal bath was introduced will. Only through the invention Process combination of two with respect to the gas phase separated and in relation to the molten bath phase in Related reaction zones will be very advantageous the spectrum of low-quality fuels in the enumerated form for the gasification in the expanded molten metal bath, being in the first reaction zone all conceivable inferior Fuels can be used here The resulting exhaust gas is reused and in the metal bath second reaction zone is "filtered".

In a further embodiment of the invention simplified handling and Quality equalization of the most varied inferior fuels provided that the low-quality fuel packed in containers, in portions in the first reaction zone Metal molten bath is introduced. When using Containers for the inferior fuels can simple transport or conveyor and feed systems such as. open conveyor belts, vibratory conveyors or Cell wheel locks are used. A mixture of the low-quality fuels can, for example crushed or processed oil shale, Rubber waste and bitumen or from processed Household waste, sawdust and waste oil exist.

Here it is advantageous if as containers closable cans, buckets, boxes, barrels, bags or Sacks made of meltable and / or combustible Material can be used. The cans, buckets or barrels very advantageous e.g. consist of sheet metal, that melts in the iron bath and to compensate for the  the exhaust gas or process gas discharged Loss of iron dust contributes. The boxes, bags or Sacks can e.g. made of wood, plastic, paper or jute exist and contribute through their combustion Heat input into the first reaction zone.

In a further embodiment of the invention, that at least the first reaction zone with a pressure from 1 to 10 bar, preferably operated at 3 bar and the closed containers by means of at least a gas and pressure-tight lock in this Reaction zone are introduced.

By printing in at least the first Reaction zone is a dust and soot formation in the low-energy exhaust gas from the first reaction zone counteracted. Stand by the compression of the gas more gas molecules in the same reaction space e.g. the Volatile components for combustion Disposal; the heat capacity of the gas is increased and the introduction of heat into the molten metal bath is improved.

In a further embodiment of the invention, that in the first reaction zone from the gas components escaping inferior fuel, such as. the volatile components and others Pyrolysis products, with added oxygen for Reaction brought or at least partially burned. By burning the combustible gas components will be very beneficial in maintaining the Constant temperature of the metal bath in the first Reaction zone required or provided heat Compensation for heat losses created.

In a further embodiment of the invention, that the amount of exhaust gas from the first reaction zone  is kept as small as possible and that exhaust gas after direct cooling, preferably by means of a Heat exchange in suspension with fine-grained coal and / or limestone, as a stirring gas, as a carrier gas for the solids to be introduced into the second reaction zone such as. Coal, coke, lime and fine-grained from which withdrawn slag in the first reaction zone, and / or as Gasifying agent used in the second reaction zone becomes.

Most of the exhaust gas from the first reaction zone is returned to the overall process, since it contains valuable materials such as CO, CH ₄ , iron and carbon-containing dust, for example, through direct contact with fine-grained coal in the floating gas heat exchange, but on the other hand can also contain sulfur components, soot and nitrogen oxides, which must not be released into the atmosphere with the exhaust gas without special separation measures.

The investment and operating costs for one Dedusting and desulfurization or Denitrification facility can be minimized, though the total amount of exhaust gas or to the atmosphere amount of exhaust gas to be released as possible according to the invention is kept small. That will be simple and advantageous way by recycling most of the Exhaust gas volume reached by the exhaust gas from the first Reaction zone in turn in the molten metal bath is injected into the second reaction zone, e.g. as Stirring gas for directed flow generation in the Melting bath, as a carrier gas for the particulate Fuels and lime or ground slag from the first reaction zone, as a coolant for Oxygen blowing nozzles or as with oxygen enriched gasification agent is used.  

In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that a horizontal flow of the liquid metal bath between the two reaction zones by appropriately directed injection of the oxygen-containing gasification agents and the high-quality fuels into the second reaction zone and by appropriately directed injection of combustion oxygen and / or a stirring gas into the first reaction zone is produced. This ensures with certainty that there is a constant exchange of the metal baths in the two reaction zones, so that the carbon dissolved in the first reaction zone is partially oxidized by injecting oxygen into the second reaction zone and a high-quality, essentially CO and H ₂ - contains production gas. The exchange of the metal baths also ensures that the temperature of the metal melts is the same in both reaction zones and remains constant.

In a further embodiment of the invention, that the slag drawn off from the first reaction zone led at least partially into the second reaction zone becomes. This can be done in the second Reaction zone still introducing Metal molten bath dissolved sulfur in this Slag levels close to the saturation limit on the other hand, they may still be in the metal oxide contained in the slag reduces that Metal returned to the metal bath and thus Metal losses from the second reaction zone over the withdrawn slag phase reduced.

In terms of device, that of the invention underlying task with a  Solved metal bath reactor, in the middle a partition is arranged on the bottom of the reactor the reactor at least one passage opening for the has liquid metal, and that by the Partition formed two reaction chambers each Feeding devices for fuels and oxygen-containing Gasifying agent and an extractor for each have liquid slag and / or metal, wherein continue to be the first reaction chamber for an extractor the low-energy exhaust gas and the second reaction chamber Have a trigger for the high-energy product gas.

The mixing of the two gas phases in the first and second reaction chambers is excluded by means of the partition. The exhaust gas recirculated from the first reaction chamber is converted into high-quality gas components in the second reaction chamber. Sulfur is bound in the slag, nitrogen oxides are reduced, soot is cracked and gasified; CO ₂ and H ₂ O components are reduced to CO and H ₂ , the excess oxygen combines with the carbon dissolved in the molten metal bath and also forms CO.

Through the gas-phase separation of the two Reaction chambers can be in the first reaction chamber all gasifiable waste materials and Materials are introduced (this part of the reactor "eats" everything) without a negative impact such as a deterioration in quality to the final To be able to effect product gas.

The problem underlying the invention can in another device-like manner also by a Plant for performing the method according to the invention  with two separate reactors with Reaction chambers are solved, each Feeders with fuels and oxygenated Gasifying agents, each with extraction devices for the generated Exhaust gas or product gas, and exhaust devices for have liquid slag and / or liquid metal, and the least one in the lower one Sidewall region of the reaction chambers arranged Pipeline for the liquid metal in connection stand. This variant with two through at least one, preferably by two fireproof lined pipelines connected reactor chambers is another way of separating the Gas phases an exchange of the metal bath or a Compensation of carbon and sulfur concentrations to achieve in the metal phase.

It is particularly advantageous if in or Pipelines for the liquid metal between the a shut-off device in each of the two reaction chambers such as. a slide is provided. So at Repair measures required in Refractory masonry in just one reactor Pipe connection are closed and it only needs the Metal melt drained from a reactor chamber will. The other reactor e.g. the one with the second Reaction zone into which high-quality fuel is injected can, replacing the lack of low energy Exhaust gas by other possibly inert gases, continue to be operated.

In a device-like embodiment of the invention provided that the feed member for the feed of the containers with the inferior fuels in the first reaction chamber as a rotary valve or Double swing flap lock is designed. To this  Way, the process step in the first Reaction chamber separately or together with the Process steps in the second reaction chamber, under an overpressure conducive to the overall process occur. This can also be done in an advantageous manner then reach when the feeder for the inferior fuels in the first reaction chamber is designed as a screw conveyor.

In a further embodiment of the invention, that the exhaust pipe is behind the first reaction chamber as a suspended gas heat exchanger with riser and Cyclone separator is formed, the riser in the lower area at least one feeder for the introduction of particulate solids such as Has limestone, coal, metal oxides or metal powder. In this way, the low-energy exhaust gas is cooled and the thermal energy contained therein e.g. in the Suspended gas heat exchanger used sensibly. On the one hand can inject the particulate solids preheating the highest possible temperature; to the others may use heat-consuming processes like that Deacidification of limestone or degassing as well partly the pyrolysis and / or coking of the gasifying coal or a reduction of metal oxides, to compensate for metal losses in the reactors already initiated in the Floating gas heat exchangers are preferred so that the Melting pool reactors are relieved in terms of heat balance or deprived them of any heat for these reactions becomes.

In a further embodiment of the invention, that the extraction devices for the liquid slag from the two reaction chambers either together or separately from each other via a line under pressure a slag pelletizer in connection  stand. This measure is for one Execution of the process in the printing operation required, the slag withdrawn from the process in sensible for another purpose is worked up. It is also advantageous if the slag pelletizer is pressure tight is formed and with a water container side water jets, one the fine-grained slag transporting out of the water bath Conveying device such as a bucket elevator, one Inclined ring separator or a screw conveyor, as well there is a rotary valve. That way the slag granules very easily without larger ones Circulation and cleaning measures of the water be outsourced to the pressure area of the process.

The invention is described in the following in the Drawings shown schematically Exemplary embodiments described and explained in more detail. Show it:

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a plant for the gasification of low grade fuels,

Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the gasification plant according to the invention in plan view,

Fig. 3 is a section through the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 2 gasification plant according to line III-III,

Fig. 4 is a different section through the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 2 gasification plant according to line IV-IV,

Fig. 5 is a schematic overall view of a plant according to the invention for the gasification of inferior fuels.

In Fig. 1, the reference numeral 1 denotes a reactor which has in its central region a partition 2 which is provided at the bottom of the reactor 1 with at least one, but preferably with two through openings 3 for the liquid metal. The partition 2 can be equipped with a corresponding internal cooling device 17 . Through the partition 2 , two reactor chambers 4 and 5 are formed in the reactor 1 , each of which has at least one feed element 6 , 7 for the respective fuel to be gasified and at least one feed element 8 and 9 for the oxygen-containing oxidizing or gasifying agent, and a respective drain element 10 , 10 , and 11 for liquid slag and / or iron, the first reaction chamber 4 also having an exhaust pipe 12 for the low-energy exhaust gas and the second reaction chamber 5 having an exhaust pipe 13 for the high-energy product gas.

The feed element 6 for the inferior fuels in the reactor chamber 4 is preferably designed as a gas- and pressure-tight cellular wheel lock 14 , in particular if the reactor 1 is to be operated in pressure operation between, for example, 1 and 10 bar. The feed member 6 can, however, also be designed as a double-flap shuttle lock. The feed elements 7 and 9 for the high-quality fuel and for the oxygen-containing gasifying agents in the reaction chamber 5 can be designed as lances 15 and / or as nozzles 16 , if necessary, in a multi-channel version. The oxygen nozzles 8 , 16 are preferably sealed in the reaction chamber 4 , that is to say at a distance of approximately 10 to 80 cm above the iron bath surface 21 and in the reaction chamber 5 are preferably sealed, that is to say at a distance of approximately 10 to 60 cm below the iron bath surface 21 arranged in the side wall of the reactor 1 .

Another feed pipe 18 for primary slag from the first reaction zone can be arranged opening into the second reactor chamber 5 in the side wall of the reactor 1 . A further stirring gas nozzle 22 is provided in the side wall of the reactor chamber 4 on the opposite side of the reactor 1 . A burner 19 aligned with the surface of the iron bath 21 is also provided in the ceiling area of the reaction chamber 4 .

When the embodiment of the gasification reactor for the gasification of inferior fuels shown in FIG. 1 is operated, the cellular wheel sluice 14, which is arranged in the ceiling area or in the side wall of the reactor chamber 4 , packs the previously inferiorly packaged, appropriately prepared and mixed in containers 20 , such as paper bags or sheet metal buckets Fuel placed on the iron bath surface 21 . However, the metal bath in the reactor can also consist of liquid lead or copper. The low-quality fuel is preheated to a temperature of around 120 ° to 250 ° C beforehand by means of the heat contained in the low-energy exhaust gas. As soon as the inferior fuel in the container 20 reaches the reactor chamber 4 via the cellular wheel sluice 14 , it is suddenly heated to the iron bath temperature of, for example, 1450 ° C. Due to the explosively escaping degassing and pyrolysis products such as residual water vapor, volatile components and easily evaporable hydrocarbons, the container is broken up and burned (plastic bag) or melts (metal bucket).

The carbon contained in the inferior fuel as well as the sulfur go into solution in the iron bath (indicated in the drawing in Fig. 1 as C * and A *) . The non-gasifiable or insoluble constituents of the inferior fuels are slagged and immediately withdrawn from the reactor chamber 4 via the extraction element 10 . The low-energy exhaust gas produced in the reactor chamber 4 is passed via the exhaust pipe 12 into an exhaust gas cooling device and hot gas dust removal device, which is not shown in the drawing and which works, for example, at a temperature of 400 ° C. According to the invention, the amount of exhaust gas is to be kept as low as possible and largely to be recycled. This is done, for example, in that the cooled and cleaned exhaust gas, in part as stirring gas at a temperature of approx. 380 ° C., through the stirring gas nozzle 22 to produce a directed horizontal iron bath flow through the passage opening 3 in the partition 2 within both reactor chambers 4 and 5 is used. The nozzles 7 , 8 , 9 and 16 arranged in the side wall of the reactor 1 can also be oriented obliquely downwards from the horizontal, so that a concentration-compensating bath flow is supported. Furthermore, a large part of the low-energy exhaust gas is used as carrier gas for injecting the high-quality fuels as well as lime and fine-grained slag into the reactor chamber 5 . Since the low-energy exhaust gas contains high proportions of CO ₂ and H ₂ O, it can continue to be blown through the nozzles 9 and 16 into the iron bath, using it as a gasifying agent. The SO ₂ components contained in the low-energy exhaust gas are “filtered” in the second reaction zone or in the reactor chamber 5 in the iron bath, that is to say reduced, the oxygen accumulating on the dissolved carbon and the sulfur being incorporated into the slag. A remaining remainder of the low-energy exhaust gas can, if necessary, be combusted as an additional or auxiliary fuel gas in other furnaces.

The high-quality fuel and the gasifying agent oxygen are blown into the reactor chamber 5 from the first reaction zone, if appropriate, with additions of exhaust gas, via the feed member 7 , for example the inflation lance 15 and / or the nozzles 9 , 16 . There is generally an excess of heat here, which compensates for the heat losses in the first reaction zone by means of the iron bath flow within the two reactor chambers. A high-quality, high-energy and virtually sulfur-free product gas which is essentially formed from CO and H ₂ is drawn off via the exhaust pipe 13 and, after cooling in an indirect heat exchanger and dedusting, is fed to its further use.

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the system according to the invention, the reference numbers already used in FIG. 1 being used for parts of the same meaning.

The low-grade fuels are introduced as a pasty mixture, for example, a mixture of heavy oil, tar, sawdust, municipal waste and sewage sludge via the 'arranged in the ceiling of the reactor 1 feeding member 6, which is designed as a screw conveyor 31 in this case into the reactor chamber. 4 About the feed member 8 , an above the iron bath level in the side wall of the reactor 1 'arranged nozzle, oxygen or oxygen-enriched air is injected to burn the volatile components and other pyrolysis products from the inferior fuels. The resulting low-energy exhaust gas is drawn off through the exhaust pipe 12 , cooled down, dedusted and at least partially used again in the reactor 1 ''. The two reactors are connected to one another via two refractory-lined pipes 30 , 30 '. In an emergency, the pipes 30 , 30 'by shut-off devices 37 , 37 ', for example gate valves, so that in the event of a fault, for example in the reactor chamber 4, only this reactor chamber has to be emptied, while in the reactor chamber 5 the separate gasification of high-quality fuels , blown in through the multi-component nozzle 7 or the lance 15 , could be continued.

Due to the special orientation of the feed elements 7 , 8 for fuels and gasifying agents and the stirring gas nozzle 22 , a horizontally oriented circular iron bath flow between the two reactors 1 'and 1 ''is caused.

The carbon in solution in the reactor chamber 4 is gasified to carbon monoxide in the reactor chamber 5 and is withdrawn as an energy-rich product gas from the exhaust pipe 13 in the ceiling area of the reactor 1 ''. As intermediate or by-products, the corresponding slags are removed from the process via the extraction elements 10 , 10 '. To compensate for heat losses or to maintain the heat balance, the burner 19 can be provided in the side wall of the reactor 1 ', which can preferably be designed as a combination burner for heating gas / solid (or oil / coal dust) and, for example, with recirculated low-energy exhaust gas, with top gas and coal dust is fired.

In FIGS. 3 and 4 are cross-sections of the reactors 1 'and 1' 'from Fig. 2 are shown. Here, above all, the passage openings 3 , 3 'of the pipes 30 , 30 ' between the reactors 1 ', 1 ''and the screw conveyor 31 as a feed element 6 for the low-quality fuel on the reactor 1 ' clearly. The height arrangement of the fuel supply element 7 and the stirring gas nozzle 22 can also be seen. The feed member 7 and the stirring gas nozzle 22 cause essentially between the two reactors 1 'and 1 ''through the passage openings 3 and 3 ' horizontally circulating iron bath flow.

According to the schematic overall view in FIG. 5, low-quality fuels in bulky form, such as domestic waste, bulky waste, straw or car tires, get into a comminution device 50 , such as, for example, a spiked crusher or an impact hammer mill, and are then, in comminuted form, optionally with the addition of other low-quality fuels such as, for example Sawdust, sewage sludge and pitch (indicated by arrows 55 , 56 ) are mixed in a mixing and granulating device 51 , for example a rotary drum, and shaped into granules or agglomerates. The mixture of various low-quality fuels prepared in this way can be fed in paste-like consistency with a screw conveyor directly into the reactor chamber 4 of the reactor 1 , or it is compressed in a briquetting machine 52 , for example a roller press, and via a conveyor belt 53 by means of the cellular wheel lock 14 into the reactor chamber 4 funded. In the event that the inferior fuels are to be packed in portions into containers in the gasification reactor 1 , the processed mixture runs through a filling and packaging station 54 before it reaches the liquid iron bath via the conveyor belt 53 and the rotary valve 14 .

The low-energy exhaust gases resulting from the partial combustion of volatile constituents and other degassing and pyrolysis products in the reactor chamber 4 are passed via an exhaust gas line 32 into a pre-separation cyclone 58 for the separation of soot, dust and iron particles. These separated particles are mixed with the inferior fuels to be gasified and returned to the reactor chamber 4 . The pre-separating cyclone 58 is followed by a floating gas heat exchanger 33 consisting of riser 34 and cyclone separator 35 for cooling the hot exhaust gas, two pipes 59 , 60 at the lower end of riser 34 for introducing calcium carbonate powder CaCO ₃ and / or granulated coal or finely comminuted inferior fuels. In this advantageous manner, the exhaust gas can be cooled to approx. 450 ° C. by the thermal energy contained in the exhaust gas heating up the supplied solids, dissociating the limestone to CaO and dehydrating and carbonizing the carbonaceous materials (bound crystal water).

The heat-treated particles are separated from the exhaust gas stream in the cyclone separator 35 . The burnt lime and the coke powder produced are then blown into the reactor 5 via the lance 15 or the nozzles 7 , 9 , 16 for slag formation or sulfur incorporation and gasification to give high-quality product gas. The low-energy exhaust gas is completely cleaned at exhaust gas temperatures of approx. 300 ° C. in a subsequent electrostatic filter 61 and partly returned to the reactor as preheated carrier gas, stirring gas and gasification agent. Another part of the exhaust gas can be combusted and discharged to the atmosphere.

The slag produced in the reactor chamber 4 is introduced into a slag granulating device 38 and blown into a fine-grained slag granulate (slag sand) by means of at least one water nozzle 40 . The slag granules are water tank 39, discharged from the as of reactor 1 under the same pressure of 5 bar for example, standing by means of a conveying device 41 such as a screw feeder through a pressure-tight cellular wheel sluice 42nd The slag discharged from the reactor chamber 4 can be returned to the reactor chamber 5 if the sulfur-binding capacity is still sufficient. The final slag discharged from the reactor chamber 5 is processed in a corresponding manner and used for example in road construction or in the cement industry.

With the gasification plant according to the invention, all carbon-containing materials, in particular household waste or similar carbon-containing waste materials, can be converted into a valuable, almost sulfur-free product gas made of CO and H ₂ , which is cooled in the usual way, for example in an indirect heat exchanger.

• List of reference numbers: 1, 1 ′, 1 ″ reactor
  2 partition
  3, 3 ' passage opening
  4, 5 reactor chambers
  6, 7 supply elements for fuel
  8, 9 supply elements for gasifying agents
  10, 10 ', 11 extraction devices for slag / metal
  12 Exhaust pipe for low-energy exhaust
  13 Exhaust pipe for high-energy exhaust gas
  14 rotary valve
  15 lance O₂ / C / CaO
  16 nozzle O₂ / C / CaO
  17 Cooling device partition
  18 feed pipe slag I
  19 burners
  20 containers for low-quality fuel
  21 metal bath surface
  22 stirring gas nozzle 30, 30 ' pipes
  31 screw conveyors
  32 Exhaust pipe
  33 Floating gas heat exchanger
  34 riser
  35 cyclone separators
  37, 37 ′ shut-off device
  38 slag pelletizer
  39 water tank
  40 water nozzle
  41 conveyor
  42 rotary valve
  50 shredding device
  51 Mixing and granulating device
  52 briquetting machine
  53 conveyor belt
  54 Filling and packaging station
  55 arrow z. B. sewage sludge
  56 arrow z. B. sawdust
  58 pre-separation cyclone
  59 pipeline CaCO₃
  60 Pipeline for low-quality fuels
  61 E filters

Claims (18)

1. A process for the gasification of inferior fuels in a molten molten metal bath, in particular an iron melt bath, characterized in that the inferior fuels are introduced into a first reaction zone with a molten metal bath and high-quality fuels are introduced into a second reaction zone with a molten metal bath, the gas spaces of the two reaction zones being separated from one another are kept separate and the molten metal bath of the first reaction zone is mixed with the molten metal bath of the second reaction zone. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the molten metal bath in the first reaction zone of a slag layer is kept clear or one from ash and non-combustible components of the gasifying slag forming inferior fuels is withdrawn from the molten metal bath, and into the second Reaction zone slag formers are introduced. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized characterized that as inferior fuels Lignite, low quality hard coal, peat, wood, Sawdust, sawdust, straw, agricultural Waste products, tar, bitumen, pitch, waste oil, heavy oil, Oil shale, household waste, bulky waste, waste materials, Plastics, sewage sludge, car tires, waste rubber or containing similar carbon and hydrocarbons Materials as well as mixtures of these materials in according to crushed or agglomerated form in introduced the first reaction zone with molten metal will.   4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized characterized in that the inferior fuel in Containers packed in portions in the first Reaction zone is introduced to the molten metal bath. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that closable cans, buckets, boxes, Barrels, bags or sacks made of meltable and / or combustible material can be used. 6. The method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized characterized in that at least the first reaction zone with a pressure of 1 to 10 bar, preferably with 3 bar, is operated and the closed containers by means of at least one gas and pressure-tight lock be introduced into this reaction zone. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in the first Reaction zone from low-quality fuel escaping combustible gas components such as the Using volatile components and other pyrolysis products supplied oxygen reacted or be at least partially burned. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the amount of exhaust gas kept as small as possible from the first reaction zone and the exhaust gas after direct cooling, preferably through a suspended gas heat exchange in suspension with fine-grained coal and / or limestone, as stirring gas, as Carrier gas for the in the second reaction zone solids to be imported, e.g. Coal, coke, lime and fine-grained withdrawn from the first reaction zone Slag, and / or as a gasifier in the second Reaction zone is used.   9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that by accordingly directed injection of the oxygen-containing Gasification agent and the high quality fuels in the second reaction zone and by appropriately directed Injection of combustion oxygen and / or one Stirring gas into the first reaction zone a horizontal Flow of the liquid metal bath between the two Reaction zones is generated. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the from the first Slag withdrawn from the reaction zone at least partially in the second reaction zone is recycled. 11. Plant for carrying out the process for the gasification of inferior fuels in a molten metal melt according to one of claims 1 to 10, consisting of a reactor filled with liquid metal, characterized in that a partition ( 2 ) is arranged in the central region of the reactor ( 1 ) which has at least one passage opening ( 3 ) for the liquid metal at the bottom of the reactor ( 1 ) and that the two reaction chambers ( 4 , 5 ) formed by the partition ( 2 ) each have at least one feed element ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ) for fuels and oxygen-containing gasifying agents and in each case have an exhaust device ( 10 , 11 ) for liquid slag and / or metal, the first reaction chamber ( 4 ) also having an exhaust pipe ( 12 ) for the low-energy exhaust gas and the second reaction chamber ( 5 ) Have exhaust pipe ( 13 ) for the high-energy product gas. 12. Plant for carrying out the process for the gasification of inferior fuels in molten metal melt according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, characterized by two separate reactors ( 1 ', 1 '') with reaction chambers ( 4 , 5 ) each having at least one feed element ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ) for fuels and oxygen-containing gasifying agents, in each case an exhaust pipe ( 12 , 13 ) for the exhaust gas or product gas generated, and in each case an exhaust member ( 10 , 10 ', 11 ) for liquid slag and / or liquid metal have and which are connected via at least one, preferably two in the lower side wall region of the reaction chambers ( 4 , 5 ) arranged pipes ( 30 , 30 ') for the liquid metal. 13. Plant according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the supply member ( 6 ) for the supply of the containers ( 20 ) with the inferior fuels in the first reaction chamber ( 4 ) is designed as a rotary valve ( 14 ) or double pendulum flap lock. 14. Plant according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the supply member ( 6 ) for the inferior fuels in the first reaction chamber ( 4 ) is designed as a screw conveyor ( 31 ). 15. Plant according to claim 11, 12, 13 or 14, characterized in that the exhaust line ( 12 , 22 ) behind the first reaction chamber ( 4 ) is designed as a floating gas heat exchanger ( 33 ) with riser ( 34 ) and cyclone separator ( 35 ) , wherein the riser ( 34 ) has at least one feed element ( 59 , 60 ) in the lower region for the introduction of particulate solids such as limestone, coal, low-quality fuels, metal oxides or metal powder. 16. Plant according to claim 12, characterized in that a shut-off device ( 37 , 37 ') is provided in the or the pipes ( 30 , 30 ') for the liquid metal between the two reaction chambers ( 4 , 5 ). 17. Plant according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the extraction elements ( 10 , 10 ') for the liquid slag from the two reaction chambers ( 4 , 5 ) either together or separately from one another via a pressurized line with a Slag pelletizer ( 38 ) are connected. 18. Plant according to one of the preceding claims 11 to 17, characterized in that the slag granulating device ( 38 ) is designed to be pressure-tight and consists of a water container ( 39 ) with water nozzles ( 40 ), a conveying device ( 41 ) which transports the fine-grained slag out of the water bath For example, a bucket elevator, an inclined ring separator or a screw conveyor, as well as a cellular wheel sluice ( 42 ).