DE3204733A1 - Verfahren zur dehydratisierung eines alkohols mit niedrigem molekulargewicht - Google Patents
Verfahren zur dehydratisierung eines alkohols mit niedrigem molekulargewichtInfo
- Publication number
- DE3204733A1 DE3204733A1 DE19823204733 DE3204733A DE3204733A1 DE 3204733 A1 DE3204733 A1 DE 3204733A1 DE 19823204733 DE19823204733 DE 19823204733 DE 3204733 A DE3204733 A DE 3204733A DE 3204733 A1 DE3204733 A1 DE 3204733A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- products
- fed
- line
- product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C11/00—Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C07C11/02—Alkenes
- C07C11/04—Ethylene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
- C07C1/24—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms by elimination of water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR8101487A BR8101487A (pt) | 1981-03-13 | 1981-03-13 | Processo de desidratacao de um alcool de baixo peso molecular |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3204733A1 true DE3204733A1 (de) | 1982-11-04 |
| DE3204733C2 DE3204733C2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) | 1991-08-29 |
Family
ID=4026564
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19823204733 Granted DE3204733A1 (de) | 1981-03-13 | 1982-02-11 | Verfahren zur dehydratisierung eines alkohols mit niedrigem molekulargewicht |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4396789A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| JP (1) | JPS5838220A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| AR (1) | AR229523A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| AU (1) | AU547817B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| BE (1) | BE891973A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| BR (1) | BR8101487A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| DE (1) | DE3204733A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| FR (1) | FR2501670B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| GB (1) | GB2094829B (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| IN (1) | IN155485B (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| MX (1) | MX159230A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| PH (1) | PH17162A (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
| ZA (1) | ZA821629B (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) |
Families Citing this family (81)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6455749B1 (en) | 1997-10-03 | 2002-09-24 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents, Inc. | Method for increasing light olefin yield by conversion of a heavy hydrocarbon fraction of a product to light olefins |
| US6444868B1 (en) | 1999-02-17 | 2002-09-03 | Exxon Mobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Process to control conversion of C4+ and heavier stream to lighter products in oxygenate conversion reactions |
| US6482999B2 (en) | 1999-02-17 | 2002-11-19 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents, Inc. | Method for improving light olefin selectivity in an oxygenate conversion reaction |
| US20040225164A1 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-11 | Conocophillips Company | Method for treating ethane |
| RU2419595C2 (ru) * | 2005-07-06 | 2011-05-27 | Бп Кемикэлз Лимитед | Реакционная ректификация для дегидратации смешанных спиртов |
| BRPI0612769B1 (pt) * | 2005-07-06 | 2016-03-22 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | processo para produção de alcenos e processo para a conversão de hidrocarboneto em alcenos |
| EP1792886A1 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-06 | BP Chemicals Limited | Process for producing propylene |
| EP1792885A1 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-06 | BP Chemicals Limited | Process for producing ethylene |
| WO2007063279A1 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-07 | Bp Chemicals Limited | Process for producing olefins |
| EP1790627A1 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-05-30 | BP Chemicals Limited | Process for producing olefins |
| BRPI0601803A (pt) * | 2006-05-18 | 2008-02-19 | Helcio Valladares Barrocas | processo para produção de eteno a partir de álcool etìlico |
| CN101172919B (zh) * | 2006-11-02 | 2010-10-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 乙醇制乙烯的方法 |
| CA2670161C (en) * | 2006-11-22 | 2016-01-26 | Bp Chemicals Limited | Process for producing alkenes from oxygenates by using supported heteropolyacid catalysts |
| EP2108636A1 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2009-10-14 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Dehydration of alcohols in the presence of an inert component. |
| AU2009211370A1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-13 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Dehydration of alcohols in the presence of an inert component |
| EP2123736A1 (de) | 2008-05-19 | 2009-11-25 | C.E.-Technology Limited | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dieselkraftstoffen und Flugzeugtreibstoffen aus C1-C5-Alkoholen |
| DE102008061300A1 (de) * | 2008-12-11 | 2010-07-08 | Lurgi Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines C3H6 und C2H4 enthaltenden Produkts |
| WO2011002699A2 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2011-01-06 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Process to prepare olefins from aliphatic alcohols |
| EP2480520A4 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2013-06-26 | Signa Chemistry Inc | CATALYTIC DEHYDRATION OF ALCOHOLS USING NON-VOLATILE ACIDIC CATALYSTS |
| EP2338864A1 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-29 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Process for removing oxygenated contaminants from an hydrocarbon stream |
| FR2959751B1 (fr) | 2010-05-06 | 2012-06-08 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de production de base pour carburants a partir d'une charge ethylenique mettant en oeuvre au moins une etape d'oligomerisation en presence d'un systeme catalytique homogene. |
| FR2959752B1 (fr) | 2010-05-06 | 2012-06-08 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede flexible de transformation de l'ethanol en distillats moyens mettant en oeuvre un systeme catalytique homogene et un systeme catalytique heterogene. |
| FR2959750B1 (fr) | 2010-05-06 | 2013-02-15 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de production de kerosene a partir de bio-ethanol. |
| EP2450450A1 (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2012-05-09 | Ineos Commercial Services UK Limited | Process and apparatus for producing ethylene via preparation of syngas |
| DE102011102971A1 (de) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-12-06 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ethylen |
| FR2978146B1 (fr) | 2011-07-21 | 2013-08-30 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede de deshydratation de l'ethanol en ethylene a basse consommation energetique |
| FR2981065B1 (fr) | 2011-10-07 | 2014-03-14 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede de deshydratation de l'ethanol dilue en ethylene a basse consommation energetique sans recyclage de l'eau. |
| EP2594547A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2013-05-22 | Solvay Sa | Process for the manufacture of at least one ethylene derivative compound from bioethanol |
| BR112014027338B1 (pt) | 2012-05-16 | 2021-03-23 | China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation | Aparelho para produção de etileno e um método de produção do mesmo |
| FR2998567B1 (fr) * | 2012-11-27 | 2014-12-26 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede de deshydratation d'ethanol en ethylene mettant en oeuvre un pretraitement de la charge |
| FR2998568B1 (fr) * | 2012-11-27 | 2015-01-23 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede de deshydratation de l'ethanol en ethylene a basse consommation |
| EP2740718A1 (de) | 2012-12-04 | 2014-06-11 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur katalytischen Dehydratisierung von Olefinen |
| US9340470B2 (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2016-05-17 | Petron Scientech Inc | Process and reactor for dehydration of butanol to butylenes |
| FR3000958B1 (fr) | 2013-01-14 | 2016-01-01 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede de purification du co2 compris dans un flux ethylene issu de la deshydratation de l'ethanol |
| FR3001969B1 (fr) | 2013-02-12 | 2015-08-21 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede de production d'oxyde d'ethylene a partir d'un flux d'ethanol thermiquement integre |
| FR3001968B1 (fr) * | 2013-02-12 | 2015-02-27 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede de production d'oxyde d'ethylene a partir d'un flux d'ethanol thermo-mecaniquement integre |
| FR3013707B1 (fr) * | 2013-11-27 | 2016-07-29 | Ifp Energies Now | Procede de deshydratation d'un melange contenant de l'ethanol et de l'isopropanol |
| FR3013708B1 (fr) * | 2013-11-27 | 2016-07-29 | Ifp Energies Now | Procede de deshydratation d'un melange contenant de l'ethanol et du n-propanol |
| CA2933331C (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2022-01-18 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Alkanol to alkylene conversion using at least two different catalysts in sequential order |
| BR112017014497B1 (pt) | 2014-12-16 | 2023-12-26 | Technip E&C Limited | Processo para a preparação de eteno por desidratação química em fase de vapor de etanol |
| US10472300B2 (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2019-11-12 | Total Research & Technology Feluy | Process for preparing olefins by dehydrating alcohols with less side effects comprising addition of sulfur containing compounds |
| WO2016107758A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-07 | Total Research & Technology Feluy | Process for preparing olefins by dehydrating alcohols with less side effects comprising addition of organic acids |
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| FR3089973B1 (fr) | 2018-12-14 | 2020-12-25 | Ifp Energies Now | Procédé de déshydratation de l'éthanol en éthylène à basse consommation énergétique |
| EP3924441A1 (en) | 2019-02-14 | 2021-12-22 | Braskem S.A. | Hot melt adhesive films comprising biobased eva, methods and articles thereof |
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| JP7589148B2 (ja) * | 2019-07-05 | 2024-11-25 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | エチレンの製造方法、及び重合体の製造方法 |
| BR112022004447A2 (pt) | 2019-09-11 | 2022-06-21 | Braskem Sa | Espuma de eva muito macia e métodos da mesma |
| US11905396B2 (en) | 2019-09-30 | 2024-02-20 | Enlightened Product Solutions, LLC | Renewably-sourced biodegradable polyolefin packaging, utensils, and containers |
| EP4045577A1 (en) | 2019-10-15 | 2022-08-24 | Braskem S.A. | Shrink films incorporating post-consumer resin and methods thereof |
| EP4045285A1 (en) | 2019-10-15 | 2022-08-24 | Braskem, S.A. | Blow molded articles incorporating post-consumer resin and methods thereof |
| WO2021074696A2 (en) | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-22 | Braskem S.A. | Bio-based eva compositions and articles and methods thereof |
| UY38931A (es) | 2019-10-22 | 2021-05-31 | Braskem Sa | Bolsas con base con estructuras multicapa, y métodos de las mismas |
| BR102020005833A2 (pt) | 2020-03-24 | 2021-10-05 | Braskem S.A. | Equipamento para despejo de resíduos e método de produção de um equipamento para despejo de resíduos |
| US20220041905A1 (en) | 2020-08-06 | 2022-02-10 | Braskem S.A. | Green polyethylene wax for hot melt adhesives, coatings, and cosmetics |
| WO2022069949A1 (en) | 2020-10-02 | 2022-04-07 | Braskem S.A. | Ultrasoft eva foam formulation and methods thereof |
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| JP2023547179A (ja) * | 2020-10-31 | 2023-11-09 | 中国石油化工股▲ふん▼有限公司 | プロピレンの製造方法および製造装置 |
| EP4251399A1 (en) | 2020-11-27 | 2023-10-04 | Braskem S.A. | Biocompatible low impact co2 emission polymer compositions, pharmaceutical articles and methods of preparing same |
| US20230092207A1 (en) | 2021-09-10 | 2023-03-23 | Braskem S.A. | Polyethylene-based composition and biaxially oriented polyethylene-based articles |
| EP4289807A1 (en) | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-13 | Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast- natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO | Ethanol based intensified ethylene production |
| US20240182801A1 (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2024-06-06 | Uop Llc | Steam integration in ethanol to jet fuel process |
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| WO2024089252A1 (en) | 2022-10-28 | 2024-05-02 | Basf Se | Process for the manufacture of a propylene-derived chemical of interest, in particular an acrylic ester, from renewably-sourced ethanol |
| CN120129669A (zh) | 2022-10-28 | 2025-06-10 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 从可再生来源的乙醇制造感兴趣的c4-烯烃衍生的化学品、特别是柠檬醛的方法 |
| US20240173687A1 (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-05-30 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Adiabatic multi-stage reactors for hydrogen production and related systems and methods |
| CN120379954A (zh) | 2022-12-20 | 2025-07-25 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 与加热蒸汽的产生结合制造所关注的乙烯衍生的化学品、特别是丙烯酸 |
| WO2024133082A1 (en) | 2022-12-20 | 2024-06-27 | Basf Se | Manufacture of an ethylene-derived chemical of interest in combination with production of thermal energy |
| WO2024258902A1 (en) | 2023-06-13 | 2024-12-19 | Braskem S.A. | Soft eva polymeric compositions and articles and methods thereof |
| FR3153613B1 (fr) | 2023-09-29 | 2025-10-10 | Ifp Energies Now | Procede de production de distillats moyens en particulier de kerosene a partir d’une charge alcoolique |
| WO2025078362A1 (en) | 2023-10-09 | 2025-04-17 | Basf Se | Process for the manufacture of styrene acrylic copolymers having a renewably-sourced carbon content |
| WO2025078353A1 (en) | 2023-10-09 | 2025-04-17 | Basf Se | Manufacture of ethylene-derived chemicals having a bio-based carbon content from pyrolysis oil |
| WO2025078359A1 (en) | 2023-10-09 | 2025-04-17 | Basf Se | Manufacture of ethylene-derived chemicals having a bio-based carbon content from bio-naphtha |
| WO2025132861A1 (en) | 2023-12-21 | 2025-06-26 | ARLANXEO High Performance Elastomers (Changzhou) Co., Ltd. | Polyolefin polymers with low content of volatiles |
| WO2025224042A1 (en) | 2024-04-23 | 2025-10-30 | Basf Se | Process for the manufacture of renewably-sourced n-butanol or 2-ethylhexanol |
| FR3163379A1 (fr) | 2024-06-18 | 2025-12-19 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procédé d’hydrogénation des oléfines contenues dans une charge oléfinique de type distillats moyens en présence d’un catalyseur de nickel cuivre |
| WO2026002694A1 (en) | 2024-06-26 | 2026-01-02 | Basf Se | Manufacture of propylene-based chemical(s) from ethylene obtained from ethanol dehydration |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2834699A1 (de) * | 1977-08-09 | 1979-02-22 | Petroleo Brasileiro Sa | Verfahren zur herstellung von aethylen |
| US4234752A (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1980-11-18 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Dehydration of alcohols |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB557378A (en) * | 1942-02-27 | 1943-11-17 | Harry Ferguson Motors Ltd | Improvements in or relating to hitch means for connecting trailed devices to tractive vehicles |
| US3121758A (en) * | 1960-05-26 | 1964-02-18 | Englehard Ind Inc | Dehydration of alcohols |
-
1981
- 1981-03-13 BR BR8101487A patent/BR8101487A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1982
- 1982-02-01 BE BE0/207193A patent/BE891973A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-02-04 PH PH26827A patent/PH17162A/en unknown
- 1982-02-09 IN IN153/CAL/82A patent/IN155485B/en unknown
- 1982-02-11 DE DE19823204733 patent/DE3204733A1/de active Granted
- 1982-02-24 AR AR288555A patent/AR229523A1/es active
- 1982-03-04 GB GB8206341A patent/GB2094829B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-03-11 US US06/357,180 patent/US4396789A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1982-03-11 ZA ZA821629A patent/ZA821629B/xx unknown
- 1982-03-12 JP JP57039294A patent/JPS5838220A/ja active Granted
- 1982-03-12 AU AU81350/82A patent/AU547817B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-03-12 FR FR8204197A patent/FR2501670B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-03-12 MX MX191788A patent/MX159230A/es unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2834699A1 (de) * | 1977-08-09 | 1979-02-22 | Petroleo Brasileiro Sa | Verfahren zur herstellung von aethylen |
| US4234752A (en) * | 1979-09-28 | 1980-11-18 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Dehydration of alcohols |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AR229523A1 (es) | 1983-09-15 |
| US4396789A (en) | 1983-08-02 |
| BE891973A (fr) | 1982-05-27 |
| IN155485B (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) | 1985-02-09 |
| DE3204733C2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) | 1991-08-29 |
| ZA821629B (en) | 1983-01-26 |
| PH17162A (en) | 1984-06-13 |
| GB2094829B (en) | 1984-03-28 |
| GB2094829A (en) | 1982-09-22 |
| AU547817B2 (en) | 1985-11-07 |
| JPS5838220A (ja) | 1983-03-05 |
| FR2501670B1 (fr) | 1986-11-14 |
| FR2501670A1 (fr) | 1982-09-17 |
| BR8101487A (pt) | 1982-10-26 |
| JPS6121603B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC10.html) | 1986-05-28 |
| AU8135082A (en) | 1982-09-16 |
| MX159230A (es) | 1989-05-08 |
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