DE3143995A1 - Dickschichtkondensator in druckschaltungstechnik - Google Patents

Dickschichtkondensator in druckschaltungstechnik

Info

Publication number
DE3143995A1
DE3143995A1 DE19813143995 DE3143995A DE3143995A1 DE 3143995 A1 DE3143995 A1 DE 3143995A1 DE 19813143995 DE19813143995 DE 19813143995 DE 3143995 A DE3143995 A DE 3143995A DE 3143995 A1 DE3143995 A1 DE 3143995A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
capacitor
dielectric
conductor tracks
printed circuit
film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE19813143995
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
DE3143995C2 (OSRAM
Inventor
Friedhard 8731 Lauter Fehr
Gisela Ing.(grad.) 8741 Hohenroth Westermeir
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Preh GmbH
Original Assignee
Preh GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Preh GmbH filed Critical Preh GmbH
Priority to DE19813143995 priority Critical patent/DE3143995A1/de
Priority to US06/425,519 priority patent/US4555745A/en
Priority to EP82109533A priority patent/EP0078935B1/de
Priority to JP57193539A priority patent/JPS58180013A/ja
Publication of DE3143995A1 publication Critical patent/DE3143995A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3143995C2 publication Critical patent/DE3143995C2/de
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/16—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistor, capacitor, inductor
    • H05K1/162—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistor, capacitor, inductor incorporating printed capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/002—Details
    • H01G4/018—Dielectrics
    • H01G4/20—Dielectrics using combinations of dielectrics from more than one of groups H01G4/02 - H01G4/06
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/38—Multiple capacitors, i.e. structural combinations of fixed capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
    • H05K1/092—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks
    • H05K1/095—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks for polymer thick films, i.e. having a permanent organic polymeric binder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/01—Dielectrics
    • H05K2201/0183—Dielectric layers
    • H05K2201/0187—Dielectric layers with regions of different dielectrics in the same layer, e.g. in a printed capacitor for locally changing the dielectric properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/02—Fillers; Particles; Fibers; Reinforcement materials
    • H05K2201/0203—Fillers and particles
    • H05K2201/0206—Materials
    • H05K2201/0209—Inorganic, non-metallic particles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/03—Conductive materials
    • H05K2201/0332—Structure of the conductor
    • H05K2201/0335—Layered conductors or foils
    • H05K2201/0347—Overplating, e.g. for reinforcing conductors or bumps; Plating over filled vias
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/09—Shape and layout
    • H05K2201/09209—Shape and layout details of conductors
    • H05K2201/09654—Shape and layout details of conductors covering at least two types of conductors provided for in H05K2201/09218 - H05K2201/095
    • H05K2201/09672—Superposed layout, i.e. in different planes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
    • H05K2203/07—Treatments involving liquids, e.g. plating, rinsing
    • H05K2203/0703—Plating
    • H05K2203/0709—Catalytic ink or adhesive for electroless plating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
    • H05K3/18—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using precipitation techniques to apply the conductive material
    • H05K3/181—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using precipitation techniques to apply the conductive material by electroless plating
    • H05K3/182—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using precipitation techniques to apply the conductive material by electroless plating characterised by the patterning method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
    • H05K3/24—Reinforcing the conductive pattern
    • H05K3/245—Reinforcing conductive patterns made by printing techniques or by other techniques for applying conductive pastes, inks or powders; Reinforcing other conductive patterns by such techniques
    • H05K3/246—Reinforcing conductive paste, ink or powder patterns by other methods, e.g. by plating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/46—Manufacturing multilayer circuits
    • H05K3/4644—Manufacturing multilayer circuits by building the multilayer layer by layer, i.e. build-up multilayer circuits
    • H05K3/4664—Adding a circuit layer by thick film methods, e.g. printing techniques or by other techniques for making conductive patterns by using pastes, inks or powders

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Parts Printed On Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
  • Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
DE19813143995 1981-11-05 1981-11-05 Dickschichtkondensator in druckschaltungstechnik Granted DE3143995A1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813143995 DE3143995A1 (de) 1981-11-05 1981-11-05 Dickschichtkondensator in druckschaltungstechnik
US06/425,519 US4555745A (en) 1981-11-05 1982-09-28 Thick-film capacitor manufactured by printed-circuit techniques
EP82109533A EP0078935B1 (de) 1981-11-05 1982-10-15 Dickschichtkondensator in Druckschaltungstechnik
JP57193539A JPS58180013A (ja) 1981-11-05 1982-11-05 プリント回路における厚膜コンデンサおよびその製造方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813143995 DE3143995A1 (de) 1981-11-05 1981-11-05 Dickschichtkondensator in druckschaltungstechnik

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3143995A1 true DE3143995A1 (de) 1983-05-19
DE3143995C2 DE3143995C2 (OSRAM) 1992-08-20

Family

ID=6145715

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19813143995 Granted DE3143995A1 (de) 1981-11-05 1981-11-05 Dickschichtkondensator in druckschaltungstechnik

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4555745A (OSRAM)
EP (1) EP0078935B1 (OSRAM)
JP (1) JPS58180013A (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE3143995A1 (OSRAM)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4555745A (en) * 1981-11-05 1985-11-26 Preh Elektrofeinmechanische Werke Jakob Preh Nachf. Gmbh & Co. Thick-film capacitor manufactured by printed-circuit techniques
DE19939483A1 (de) * 1999-08-20 2001-03-08 Philips Corp Intellectual Pty Passives Bauelement mit Verbundwerkstoff

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0260665A3 (de) * 1986-09-18 1989-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines schichtartig aufgebauten elektrischen Bauteils
FI904210A7 (fi) * 1988-12-24 1990-08-24 Tech Applications Company Limited Parannettu menetelmä painettujen piirien valmistamiseksi
US5072378A (en) * 1989-12-18 1991-12-10 Storage Technology Corporation Direct access storage device with independently stored parity
US5711988A (en) * 1992-09-18 1998-01-27 Pinnacle Research Institute, Inc. Energy storage device and its methods of manufacture
US5384685A (en) * 1992-09-18 1995-01-24 Pinnacle Research Institute, Inc. Screen printing of microprotrusions for use as a space separator in an electrical storage device
US5867363A (en) * 1992-09-18 1999-02-02 Pinnacle Research Institute, Inc. Energy storage device
US5464453A (en) * 1992-09-18 1995-11-07 Pinnacle Research Institute, Inc. Method to fabricate a reliable electrical storage device and the device thereof
US5821033A (en) * 1992-09-18 1998-10-13 Pinnacle Research Institute, Inc. Photolithographic production of microprotrusions for use as a space separator in an electrical storage device
US5800857A (en) * 1992-09-18 1998-09-01 Pinnacle Research Institute, Inc. Energy storage device and methods of manufacture
EP0662248A4 (en) * 1992-09-18 2000-10-25 Pinnacle Research Inst Inc ENERGY ACCUMULATION DEVICE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF
US5382928A (en) * 1993-01-22 1995-01-17 The Whitaker Corporation RF filter having composite dielectric layer and method of manufacture
US5980977A (en) * 1996-12-09 1999-11-09 Pinnacle Research Institute, Inc. Method of producing high surface area metal oxynitrides as substrates in electrical energy storage
US6935002B1 (en) * 1997-10-13 2005-08-30 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing a nonreciprocal circuit device
US6618238B2 (en) * 1998-04-01 2003-09-09 Polyclad Laminates, Inc. Parallel plate buried capacitor
US6021050A (en) * 1998-12-02 2000-02-01 Bourns, Inc. Printed circuit boards with integrated passive components and method for making same
DE19902769A1 (de) * 1999-01-25 2000-07-27 Philips Corp Intellectual Pty Keramisches, passives Bauelement
US6661642B2 (en) * 2001-11-26 2003-12-09 Shipley Company, L.L.C. Dielectric structure
CN100380540C (zh) * 2001-11-26 2008-04-09 希普利公司 介电结构
US7056800B2 (en) * 2003-12-15 2006-06-06 Motorola, Inc. Printed circuit embedded capacitors
KR100586963B1 (ko) * 2004-05-04 2006-06-08 삼성전기주식회사 유전체 형성용 조성물, 이로 제조된 캐패시터층 및 이를포함하는 인쇄회로기판
EP3091821A1 (en) * 2015-05-08 2016-11-09 AT & S Austria Technologie & Systemtechnik Aktiengesellschaft Printed circuit board
DE102015113694B4 (de) * 2015-08-19 2021-09-09 Preh Gmbh Kapazitives Bedienelement mit verbesserter Störunanfälligkeit
KR102440363B1 (ko) * 2017-08-11 2022-09-05 삼성전자주식회사 필름 프레임, 디스플레이 기판 제조 시스템 및 디스플레이 기판 제조 방법

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB706067A (OSRAM) * 1900-01-01
GB584672A (en) * 1944-01-14 1947-01-21 Erich Schaefer Improvements in or relating to electrical condensers having plastic film dielectrics
US3310432A (en) * 1963-07-11 1967-03-21 Corning Glass Works Method for applying electrical conductors on a smooth vitreous surface and article
US3481777A (en) * 1967-02-17 1969-12-02 Ibm Electroless coating method for making printed circuits
DE2130065A1 (de) * 1970-07-27 1972-02-03 Pfizer Dielektrikum
DE2132935A1 (de) * 1971-07-02 1973-01-18 Licentia Gmbh Elektrischer, im siebdruckverfahren hergestellter kondensator
DD114315A1 (OSRAM) * 1974-07-18 1975-07-20
US3996502A (en) * 1975-06-02 1976-12-07 Zenith Radio Corporation Thick film capacitors
DE2744206A1 (de) * 1976-09-30 1978-04-06 Becton Dickinson Co Kapazitive taste fuer tastenfeld
DE2841742A1 (de) * 1978-09-26 1980-04-03 Draloric Electronic Kapazitives netzwerk

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1051606A (fr) * 1951-02-07 1954-01-18 Csf Nouveau procédé de fabrication de matières isolantes à constante diélectrique élevée et leur application à la fabrication de condensateurs
US2934479A (en) * 1957-01-22 1960-04-26 Leon L Deer Process for masking printed circuits before plating
JPS49105151A (OSRAM) * 1973-02-13 1974-10-04
DE2434390A1 (de) * 1973-07-17 1975-02-27 Alphameric Holdings Ltd Tastatur
JPS5810862B2 (ja) * 1976-06-18 1983-02-28 株式会社東芝 厚膜集積回路装置
US4182781A (en) * 1977-09-21 1980-01-08 Texas Instruments Incorporated Low cost method for forming elevated metal bumps on integrated circuit bodies employing an aluminum/palladium metallization base for electroless plating
JPS55130127A (en) * 1979-03-30 1980-10-08 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd Printed capacitor and method of fabricating same
JPS6052567B2 (ja) * 1979-10-29 1985-11-20 松下電器産業株式会社 厚膜コンデンサおよびその製造方法
JPS56124223A (en) * 1980-03-05 1981-09-29 Tdk Electronics Co Ltd Method of forming electrode for electronic part
JPS56130911A (en) * 1980-03-17 1981-10-14 Tdk Electronics Co Ltd Method of forming electrode of electronic component
US4327126A (en) * 1980-11-10 1982-04-27 Ralph Ogden Method of making printed circuit boards
DE3143995A1 (de) * 1981-11-05 1983-05-19 Preh, Elektrofeinmechanische Werke, Jakob Preh, Nachf. Gmbh & Co, 8740 Bad Neustadt Dickschichtkondensator in druckschaltungstechnik

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB706067A (OSRAM) * 1900-01-01
GB584672A (en) * 1944-01-14 1947-01-21 Erich Schaefer Improvements in or relating to electrical condensers having plastic film dielectrics
US3310432A (en) * 1963-07-11 1967-03-21 Corning Glass Works Method for applying electrical conductors on a smooth vitreous surface and article
US3481777A (en) * 1967-02-17 1969-12-02 Ibm Electroless coating method for making printed circuits
DE2130065A1 (de) * 1970-07-27 1972-02-03 Pfizer Dielektrikum
DE2132935A1 (de) * 1971-07-02 1973-01-18 Licentia Gmbh Elektrischer, im siebdruckverfahren hergestellter kondensator
DD114315A1 (OSRAM) * 1974-07-18 1975-07-20
US3996502A (en) * 1975-06-02 1976-12-07 Zenith Radio Corporation Thick film capacitors
DE2744206A1 (de) * 1976-09-30 1978-04-06 Becton Dickinson Co Kapazitive taste fuer tastenfeld
DE2841742A1 (de) * 1978-09-26 1980-04-03 Draloric Electronic Kapazitives netzwerk

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DE-Z.: Feinwerktechnik und Messtechnik, Bd. 83, 1975, S. 173-178 *
DE-Z.: Stemag-Nachrichten, Bd. 44, April 1971, S. 1261-1266 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4555745A (en) * 1981-11-05 1985-11-26 Preh Elektrofeinmechanische Werke Jakob Preh Nachf. Gmbh & Co. Thick-film capacitor manufactured by printed-circuit techniques
DE19939483A1 (de) * 1999-08-20 2001-03-08 Philips Corp Intellectual Pty Passives Bauelement mit Verbundwerkstoff

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0078935B1 (de) 1989-01-11
JPS58180013A (ja) 1983-10-21
EP0078935A2 (de) 1983-05-18
EP0078935A3 (en) 1985-10-02
DE3143995C2 (OSRAM) 1992-08-20
US4555745A (en) 1985-11-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE3143995A1 (de) Dickschichtkondensator in druckschaltungstechnik
DE3787399T2 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen eines keramischen Mehrshictsubstrates mit massivem nicht-porösem Metall-Leiter.
DE69331511T2 (de) Zweiseitig gedruckte Leiterplatte, mehrschichtige Leiterplatte und Verfahren zur Herstellung
DE10361087B4 (de) Gedruckte Schaltplatte mit eingebetteten Kondensatoren und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben
DE69008963T2 (de) Elektronisches Schaltungssubstrat.
EP2170026B1 (de) Metall-Keramik-Substrat für elektrische Schaltkreise- oder Module, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Substrates sowie Modul mit einem solchen Substrat
DE10348010A1 (de) Mehrschichtleiterplatte, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Mehrschichtleiterplatte verwendendes Mobilgerät
DE3605160C2 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung einer keramischen Leiterplatte
DE19609221C1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von keramischen Mehrschichtsubstraten
EP2502471A1 (de) Herstellung von leiterstrukturen auf kunststoff-folien mittels nanotinten
DE19542365A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines vielschichtigen keramischen Elektronikbauteils
DE112006000519B4 (de) Integrierter Dünnschicht-Kondensator mit optimierter Temperaturkennlinie
DE2251829A1 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung metallisierter platten
DE3130159C2 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leiterplatten
DE102009058764A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektronischen Baugruppe und elektronische Baugruppe
EP1445795B1 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen von Schaltungsträgern mit integrierten passiven Bauelementen
DE3022268A1 (de) Traeger fuer ein netz zur verbindung von elektronischen bauelementen und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE3135554A1 (de) "verfahren zur herstellung von gedruckten schaltungen"
DE102004046629B4 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauelementes mit einem gedruckten Schaltkreis
DE19512272C2 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung einer mehrschichtigen Leiterplatte für ein Chassis eines unterhaltungselektronischen Gerätes und Leiterplatte hergestellt nach diesem Verfahren
DE19540570A1 (de) Leiterplatte und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE3003715A1 (de) Drucktastenanordnung
EP0214573A2 (de) Verfahren zur Integration von Widerständen in chemisch abgeschiedene Leiternetzwerke
DE1923199C (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schaltungsplatte
DE2013291C3 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gedruckten Schaltungsplatte

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
OP8 Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law
8127 New person/name/address of the applicant

Owner name: PREH-WERKE GMBH & CO KG, 8740 BAD NEUSTADT, DE

D2 Grant after examination
8364 No opposition during term of opposition
8339 Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee