DE2933141B2 - Verankerungszapfen für ein nagelartiges Gleitflächen-Implantat - Google Patents

Verankerungszapfen für ein nagelartiges Gleitflächen-Implantat

Info

Publication number
DE2933141B2
DE2933141B2 DE2933141A DE2933141A DE2933141B2 DE 2933141 B2 DE2933141 B2 DE 2933141B2 DE 2933141 A DE2933141 A DE 2933141A DE 2933141 A DE2933141 A DE 2933141A DE 2933141 B2 DE2933141 B2 DE 2933141B2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
pin
conical
anchoring
anchoring pin
area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE2933141A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
DE2933141A1 (de
DE2933141C3 (de
Inventor
Otto Winterthur Frey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
Original Assignee
Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Publication of DE2933141A1 publication Critical patent/DE2933141A1/de
Publication of DE2933141B2 publication Critical patent/DE2933141B2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE2933141C3 publication Critical patent/DE2933141C3/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/3603Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses for replacing only the epiphyseal or metaphyseal parts of the femur, e.g. endoprosthetic femoral heads or necks directly fixed to the natural femur by internal fixation devices implanted without ablation of the whole natural femoral head
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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Verankerungszapfen für ein nagelartiges Gleitflächen-Implantat für ein menschliches Gelenk mit einer zahnartigen Oberflächenstruktur.
Bei der zementfreien oder zumindest zementarmen Verankerung von Implantaten in menschliche Knochen ergeben sich häufig Schwierigkeiten mit der Fixierung während der ersten Wochen nach der Implantation, bis durch An- und/oder Einwachsen von Gewebe eine ausreichende Fixierung erreicht ist. Diese Schwierigkeiten treten besonders bei platten- oder schalenartigen Implantaten auf, die beispielsweise lediglich beschädigte oder zerstörte Knorpelschichten der Gleitflächen in menschlichen Gelenken ganz oder teilweise ersetzen. Denn bei diesen Implantaten müssen die für eine zementfreie Verankerung bestimmten Zapfen, die entweder eingeschlagen oder eingeschraubt werden, sowohl in der relativ dünnen und kompakten äußeren Knochenschicht, der Kortikalis, als auch in dem etwa eine 20fach geringere Dichte aufweisenden, spongiösen Gewebe fest verankert sein.
Es ist beispielsweise aus der DE-OS 25 49 819 bekannt, Verankerungsschäfte und/oder -zapfen von Implantaten, besonders von Endoprothesen mit einer Verzahnung zu versehen, um die Haftung der Implantate im Knochen zu verbessern. Da jedoch derartige Implantate im allgemeinen nur in die Spongiosa von operativ vorbereiteten Röhrenknochen eingesetzt werden, treten bei ihnen die vorstehend geschilderten Schwierigkeiten bei einer Verankerung in kortikalem und gleichzeitig in spongiosem Gewebe nicht auf, wie sie bei als Knorpelersatz dienenden Implantaten gegeben ist
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Verankerungszapfen zu schaffen, der diesen erheblichen Verschieden- heiten des kortikalen und des spongiösen Knochengewebes Rechnung trägt und die Verankerung eines Implantates in Kortikalis und Spongiosa verbessert Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß der Verankerungszapfen in einem oberen Bereich seiner Länge einer konische Grundform beliebigen Querschnitts mit einer mindestens auf einem Teil des Umfangs verlaufenden Feinverzahnung aufweist und daß der vom konischen Bereich zum freien Ende des Zapfens verlaufende Bereich eine Grundform beliebigen Querschnitts mit zu ihrer Längsachse paralleler Manteilinie aufweist, und mindestens mit einer, über mindestens einen Teil des Umfangs verlaufenden Grobverzahnung versehen ist.
Die Querschnitte der Grundformen der beiden Zapfenbereiche können dabei kreisrund, elliptisch oder polygonförmig, z. B. 3-, 4- oder mehreckig, sein; es sind dafür aber auch ovale oder andere, nicht einer einfachen geometrischen Fläche entsprechende Querschnittsflächen denkbar.
Für die Anwendung des neuen Verankerungszapfens wird bei der Verankerung der Gleitflächenimplantate — nach Entfernen der beschädigten und daher zu ersetzenden Knorpelschicht-, beispielsweise zunächst mit Hilfe eines Formbohrers, der in Größe und Form den Grundformen der beiden Zapfenbereiche entspricht, der Knochen angebohrt und anschließend der Zapfen eingeschlagen oder gegebenenfalls eingeschraubt. Die Grobverzahnung des in die Spongiosa eindringenden Zapfenbereichs verdrängt dabei aufgrund ihrer gegenüber dem Volumen der Grundform relativ stark vergrößertem Volumen beim Einschlagen des Zapfens relativ viel des die ausgebohrte Grundform umgebenden Gewebes und verdichtet dieses dabei, wodurch bekanntlich das Einwachsen des Zapfens beschleunigt und verbessert wird. Wegen der größeren Dichte der Kortikalis ist dieser Effekt im kortikalen Gewebe wesentlich geringer. In dieses dringt daher nur das erheblich geringere Volumen — bezogen auf das zugehörige Grundvolumen — der im konischen Bereich
so vorhandenen Feinverzahnung ein. Die konische Formgebung ist dabei erforderlich, weil anderenfalls das Volumen des »zylindrischen« Bereichs, der die Grobverzahnung trägt, beim Einschlagen einen beträchtlichen Teil des am Rand der Grundformbohrung benachbarten kortikalen Gewebes zerstört, so daß darin die Haftung des Zapfens nicht mehr gewährleistet ist.
Andererseits ergäbe eine durchgehend konische Form im Bereich des freien Zapfenendes eine zu geringe mechanische Festigkeit der Grundform gegenüber den relativ groben Zähnen, wenn die Abmessungen des Zapfens — im Verhältnis zu den zugehörigen Implantaten — nicht zu groß werden sollen.
Die konische Grundform im kortikalen Bereich des Körpers hat darüberhinaus noch den weiteren Vorteil, daß gegenüber einer »zylindrischen« Grundform die Auflagefläche und die mechanische Festigkeit, besonders gegenüber Biegebeanspruchungen, vergrößert werden.
In den Unteransprüchen sind vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung hinsichtlich der Bemessung der einzelnen Zapfenbereiche relativ zueinander niedergelegt. Als Materialien für die neuen Verankerungszapfen bzw. für die mit ihnen versehenen Implantate eignen sich alle auf dem Gebiet der Implantat-Technik üblichen Stoffe, wie Metalle, Metallegierungen, Biokeramik, pyrolytischer Kohlenstoff und Kunststoffe, insbesondere Polyäthylen der Qualifikationen HDPE und UHMW.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert.
F i g. 1 zeigt schematisch einen Femurkopf, in den eine Reihe von mit dem neuen Verankerungszapfen versehene Gleitflächen-Implantate eingeschlagen sind, wobei eines der Implantate im Schnitt dargestellt ist,
Fig.2 ist eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines der Gleitflächen-Implantate nach Fig. 1, das in eine Knorpelschicht eingelassen und im darunter liegenden Knochen verankert ist.
Im Fermurkopf 1 (Fig. 1) sind eine Reihe von nagelartigen Gleitflächen-Implanteten 2 vorgesehen, die als prothetischer Ersatz für zerstörte Teilbereiche der Knorpelschicht 3 (Fig.2) dienen. Ihre Verankerungszapfen 4 sind, wie bereits kurz geschildert, in Bohrungen des entsprechend vorbereiteten Knochens eingeschlagen.
Die Grundform des Verankerungszapfens 4 jesteht in einem dem Kopf des Implantatnagels 2 nahen oberen Teil aus einem konischen Bereich 5, dessen Länge im wesentlichen der Dicke der Kortikalisschicht 6 des Knochens entspricht. An die konische Grundfoim schließt sich dann zum freien Ende des Zapfens 4 hin ein Bereich 7 mit einer »zylindrischen« Grundform an, deren »erzeugende« Mantellinie parallel zu ihrer Längsachse verläuft. Die Grundform des Bereichs 7 kann dabei einen beliebigen Querschnitt aufweisen, der im einfachsten Fall kreisförmig ausgebildet ist.
Im Bereich 5 trägt die konische Grundform eine relativ feine Verzahnung 8, die beim Einschlagen nur wenig in das kortikale Gewebe 6 eindringt, jedoch mit ihren feinen Zähnen in dieses Gewebe widerhakenartig eingreift, so daß ein Herauswandern aus dem Gewebe 6 entgegen der Einschlagrichtung sicher verhindert wird. Der Bereich 7 des Zapfens 4 ist bei eingeschlagenem Implantat in dem spongiösen Gewebe 9 verankert; er ist daher mit mindestens einem — im gezeigten Beispiel jedoch mehreren — relativ voluminösen und groben Zähnen 10 versehen, deren Volumen mindestens etwa 20% des Volumens der zugehörigen Grundform 7
ίο beträgt Die Zähne 10 haben die Aufgabe, beim Einschlagen des Zapfens 4 spongiöses Gewebe zu verdrängen, das sich in komprimierter Form jeweils in der »Einkerbung« hinter dem vorausgehenden Zahn 10 ablagert.
Wie F i g. 2 erkennen läßt, ist der zylindrische Bereich 7 an der Übergangsstelle 11 gegenüber dem konischen Bereich 5 stufenförmig abgesetzt Diese Stufe 11 hat den Zweck, den kleinsten Enddurchmesser des konischen Bereichs 5 mindestens so groß zu machen, daß die Zähne 10 des zylindrischen Bereichs 7 die konische Grundformbohrung in der Kortikalis beim Einschlagen praktisch frei, d. h. möglichst ohne kortikales Gewebe 6 zu beschädigen, durchdringen. Diese freie Durchdringung der KortiKalis läßt sich beispielsweise auch durch
einen größeren öffnungswinkel für den Konus des konischen Bereichs erreichen; dieser wird jedoch im Bereich zwischen 2 und 30" gehalten.
Die feine Verzahnung 8 hat, bezogen auf ihre konische Grundform 5, deren Länge mit Vorteil praktisch mit der Dicke der kortikalen Gewebeschicht 6 übereinstimmt, ein relativ geringes Volumen, das nur wenige Prozent des Grundformvolumens 5 beträgt. Die durch sie ausgelöste Gewebeverdrängung in der Kortikalis 6 ist daher erheblich geringer als diejenige in der Spongiosa. Die Dichteunterschiede zwischen kortikalem und spongiösem Gewebe, die bekanntlich etwa 20:1 betragen, kann man in etwa bei der Bemessung der Volumina der Zähne 8 und 10 berücksichtigen, wenn das Verhältnis dieser Volumina
zueinander mindestens 1 :10 oder kleiner, mit Vorteil besonders ebenfalls etwa 20 :1, ist.
Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen

Claims (6)

Patentansprüche:
1. Verankerungszapfen für ein nagelartiges Gieilflächen-lmplantat für ein menschliches Gelenk mit einer zahnartigen Oberflächenstruktur, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verankerungszapfen (4) in einem oberen Bereich seiner Länge eine konische Grundform (5) beliebigen Querschnitts mit einer mindestens auf einem Teil des Umfangs verlaufenden Feinverzahnung (8) aufweist, und daß der vom konischen Bereich zum freien Ende des Zapfens (4) verlaufende Bereich (7) eine Grundform beliebigen Querschnitts mit zu ihrer Längsachse paralleler Mantellinie aufweist, und mindestens mit einer. Ober mindestens einen Teil des Umfangs verlaufenden Grobverzahnung (JO) versehen ist
2. Verankerungszapfen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gesamtvolumen des die Grobverzahnung (10) tragenden Zapfenbereichs (7) zu demjenigen des konischen Bereichs (5), jedes bezogen auf das zugehörige Grundformvolumen, mindestens 10:1 beträgt
3. Verankerungszapfen nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis der Volumina der beiden Zapfen-Bereiche 20 :1 beträgt.
4. Verankerungszapfen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der konische Bereich (5) 1/10 bis 1/2 der Gesamtlänge des Zapfens (4) beträgt und eine Länge von 0,3—5 mm aufweist.
5. Verankerungszapfen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der öffnungswinkel des konischen Bereichs (5) 2 bis 30° beträgt.
6. Verankerungszapfen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens eine der Verzahnungen (8 bzw. 10) als Gewinde ausgebildet ist.
DE2933141A 1978-10-06 1979-08-16 Verankerungszapfen für ein nagelartiges Gleitflächen-Implantat Expired DE2933141C3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1039078A CH632923A5 (en) 1978-10-06 1978-10-06 Implant for partial replacement of a sliding surface of a human joint
CH1039178A CH632922A5 (en) 1978-10-06 1978-10-06 Anchorage pin for bone implants

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DE2933141A1 DE2933141A1 (de) 1980-04-10
DE2933141B2 true DE2933141B2 (de) 1981-03-12
DE2933141C3 DE2933141C3 (de) 1981-12-17

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DE2933141A Expired DE2933141C3 (de) 1978-10-06 1979-08-16 Verankerungszapfen für ein nagelartiges Gleitflächen-Implantat
DE19792933174 Pending DE2933174A1 (de) 1978-10-06 1979-08-16 Implantat fuer einen teilweisen ersatz einer gleitflaeche eines menschlichen gelenkes

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19792933174 Pending DE2933174A1 (de) 1978-10-06 1979-08-16 Implantat fuer einen teilweisen ersatz einer gleitflaeche eines menschlichen gelenkes

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AT (1) AT370989B (de)
CH (2) CH632922A5 (de)
DE (2) DE2933141C3 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2933141A1 (de) 1980-04-10
AT370989B (de) 1983-05-25
ATA591579A (de) 1982-10-15
CH632922A5 (en) 1982-11-15
DE2933174A1 (de) 1980-04-10
CH632923A5 (en) 1982-11-15
DE2933141C3 (de) 1981-12-17

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