DE2462448A1 - Flaechiger metallgegenstand, verfahren zu seiner herstellung sowie katalysator aus diesem metallgegenstand - Google Patents
Flaechiger metallgegenstand, verfahren zu seiner herstellung sowie katalysator aus diesem metallgegenstandInfo
- Publication number
- DE2462448A1 DE2462448A1 DE19742462448 DE2462448A DE2462448A1 DE 2462448 A1 DE2462448 A1 DE 2462448A1 DE 19742462448 DE19742462448 DE 19742462448 DE 2462448 A DE2462448 A DE 2462448A DE 2462448 A1 DE2462448 A1 DE 2462448A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- aluminum
- oxide layer
- anodized
- strip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 65
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 62
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 12
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007765 extrusion coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
- H05K3/18—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using precipitation techniques to apply the conductive material
- H05K3/181—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using precipitation techniques to apply the conductive material by electroless plating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/2006—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins by other methods than those of C23C18/22 - C23C18/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/22—Roughening, e.g. by etching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/005—Apparatus specially adapted for electrolytic conversion coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C25D11/18—After-treatment, e.g. pore-sealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/625—Discontinuous layers, e.g. microcracked layers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Electrochemical Coating By Surface Reaction (AREA)
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US361720A US3865700A (en) | 1973-05-18 | 1973-05-18 | Process and apparatus for continuously anodizing aluminum |
| US449162A US3929594A (en) | 1973-05-18 | 1974-03-07 | Electroplated anodized aluminum articles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2462448A1 true DE2462448A1 (de) | 1977-03-31 |
Family
ID=27001395
Family Applications (4)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2422918A Expired DE2422918C3 (de) | 1973-05-18 | 1974-05-11 | Flachdruckplatte und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| DE19742462449 Withdrawn DE2462449A1 (de) | 1973-05-18 | 1974-05-11 | Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen elektrolytischen eloxieren und galvanisieren von aluminium sowie vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens |
| DE19742462450 Withdrawn DE2462450A1 (de) | 1973-05-18 | 1974-05-11 | Verfahren zum stromlosen plattieren oder galvanisieren von metallen sowie mit diesem verfahren hergestellter gegenstand |
| DE19742462448 Withdrawn DE2462448A1 (de) | 1973-05-18 | 1974-05-11 | Flaechiger metallgegenstand, verfahren zu seiner herstellung sowie katalysator aus diesem metallgegenstand |
Family Applications Before (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2422918A Expired DE2422918C3 (de) | 1973-05-18 | 1974-05-11 | Flachdruckplatte und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| DE19742462449 Withdrawn DE2462449A1 (de) | 1973-05-18 | 1974-05-11 | Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen elektrolytischen eloxieren und galvanisieren von aluminium sowie vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens |
| DE19742462450 Withdrawn DE2462450A1 (de) | 1973-05-18 | 1974-05-11 | Verfahren zum stromlosen plattieren oder galvanisieren von metallen sowie mit diesem verfahren hergestellter gegenstand |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3929594A (enExample) |
| JP (2) | JPS5546320B2 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR7404050D0 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1035722A (enExample) |
| DE (4) | DE2422918C3 (enExample) |
| FR (1) | FR2248332B1 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB1473347A (enExample) |
| IT (1) | IT1011370B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4021592A (en) * | 1974-03-07 | 1977-05-03 | Fromson H A | Process of making electroplated anodized aluminum articles and electroless plating |
| US4014756A (en) * | 1976-01-21 | 1977-03-29 | Fromson H A | Process for making metal powders |
| DE2616662C2 (de) * | 1976-04-15 | 1984-02-02 | Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Verfahren zur herstellung einer selektiven solarabsorberschicht auf aluminium |
| JPS53100508A (en) * | 1977-02-16 | 1978-09-02 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Rigid trolley |
| US4371430A (en) * | 1979-04-27 | 1983-02-01 | Printing Developments, Inc. | Electrodeposition of chromium on metal base lithographic sheet |
| JPS55176624U (enExample) * | 1979-06-01 | 1980-12-18 | ||
| US4406757A (en) * | 1982-03-29 | 1983-09-27 | Polychrome Corporation | Anodization method |
| GB2129442B (en) * | 1982-09-24 | 1986-05-21 | Pilot Pen Co Ltd | Colouring anodized aluminium or aluminium alloys |
| DE3636129A1 (de) * | 1986-10-23 | 1988-05-05 | Man Technologie Gmbh | Druckform fuer den flachdruck |
| US4862799A (en) * | 1987-11-13 | 1989-09-05 | Rockwell International Corporation | Copper coated anodized aluminum ink metering roller |
| US6479430B1 (en) * | 1995-07-13 | 2002-11-12 | Howard A. Fromson | Catalyst preparation |
| US5693207A (en) * | 1995-07-13 | 1997-12-02 | Howard A. Fromson | Catalyst preparation |
| US6083871A (en) * | 1999-03-30 | 2000-07-04 | Howard A. Fromson | Catalyst structure and method of manufacture |
| US6214765B1 (en) | 1999-11-02 | 2001-04-10 | Howard A. Fromson | Catalyst product and method of manufacture |
| HK1220996A1 (zh) * | 2013-02-19 | 2017-05-19 | Alumiplate, Inc. | 改善铝薄膜粘附的方法 |
| US9972877B2 (en) | 2014-07-14 | 2018-05-15 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Metamaterial-based phase shifting element and phased array |
| US10355356B2 (en) | 2014-07-14 | 2019-07-16 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Metamaterial-based phase shifting element and phased array |
| US9871298B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2018-01-16 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Rectifying circuit for multiband radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting |
| US9935370B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2018-04-03 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Multiband radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting with scalable antenna |
| US20160362807A1 (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2016-12-15 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Producing Passive Radiative Cooling Panels And Modules |
| US10060686B2 (en) | 2015-06-15 | 2018-08-28 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Passive radiative dry cooling module/system using metamaterials |
| US9927188B2 (en) | 2015-06-15 | 2018-03-27 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Metamaterials-enhanced passive radiative cooling panel |
| CN119663395A (zh) * | 2020-05-20 | 2025-03-21 | 苹果公司 | 非水性铝阳极化 |
| CN112941514A (zh) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-11 | 南昌航空大学 | 一种铜/镍反应性纳米多层膜的制备方法 |
| CN121013918A (zh) * | 2023-03-22 | 2025-11-25 | 通用电气公司 | 由用于再生表面处理物的离散反应性沉积物阵列保护的部件 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE606850C (de) * | 1930-11-07 | 1934-12-12 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Erzeugung festhaftender galvanischer Niederschlaege auf Aluminium und dessen Legierungen |
| US2798037A (en) * | 1953-05-13 | 1957-07-02 | Sprague Electric Co | Aluminum oxide films |
| US2930951A (en) * | 1957-07-08 | 1960-03-29 | Gen Electric | Electrical capacitor |
| US2898490A (en) * | 1957-12-23 | 1959-08-04 | Gen Electric | Target plate |
| US3099609A (en) * | 1961-09-11 | 1963-07-30 | Katayose Kimiyoshi | Method of electroplating aluminum or its alloy with porous hard chromium |
-
1974
- 1974-03-07 US US449162A patent/US3929594A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-04-08 CA CA197,103A patent/CA1035722A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-05-03 IT IT7450774A patent/IT1011370B/it active
- 1974-05-11 DE DE2422918A patent/DE2422918C3/de not_active Expired
- 1974-05-11 DE DE19742462449 patent/DE2462449A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1974-05-11 DE DE19742462450 patent/DE2462450A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1974-05-11 DE DE19742462448 patent/DE2462448A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1974-05-14 GB GB2134874A patent/GB1473347A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-05-17 FR FR7417354A patent/FR2248332B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-05-17 JP JP5463874A patent/JPS5546320B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1974-05-17 BR BR4050/74A patent/BR7404050D0/pt unknown
-
1978
- 1978-11-17 JP JP14127478A patent/JPS54109038A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2248332A1 (enExample) | 1975-05-16 |
| FR2248332B1 (enExample) | 1979-07-27 |
| BR7404050D0 (pt) | 1974-12-03 |
| GB1473347A (en) | 1977-05-11 |
| CA1035722A (en) | 1978-08-01 |
| DE2462449A1 (de) | 1977-03-31 |
| DE2422918C3 (de) | 1978-08-17 |
| JPS5636879B2 (enExample) | 1981-08-27 |
| JPS54109038A (en) | 1979-08-27 |
| IT1011370B (it) | 1977-01-20 |
| AU6878374A (en) | 1975-11-13 |
| JPS5041729A (enExample) | 1975-04-16 |
| DE2462450A1 (de) | 1977-03-31 |
| JPS5546320B2 (enExample) | 1980-11-22 |
| US3929594A (en) | 1975-12-30 |
| DE2422918A1 (de) | 1974-12-05 |
| DE2422918B2 (de) | 1977-12-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| BI | Miscellaneous see part 2 | ||
| 8141 | Disposal/no request for examination |