DE2439587B2 - Vorrichtung für die Elektrochirurgie - Google Patents
Vorrichtung für die ElektrochirurgieInfo
- Publication number
- DE2439587B2 DE2439587B2 DE2439587A DE2439587A DE2439587B2 DE 2439587 B2 DE2439587 B2 DE 2439587B2 DE 2439587 A DE2439587 A DE 2439587A DE 2439587 A DE2439587 A DE 2439587A DE 2439587 B2 DE2439587 B2 DE 2439587B2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- plate electrode
- voltage
- patient
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/1206—Generators therefor
- A61B18/1233—Generators therefor with circuits for assuring patient safety
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/14—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to occurrence of voltage on parts normally at earth potential
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
- Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine für die Elektro-Chirurgie bestimmte Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des
Oberbegriffes des Hauptanspruches.
Bei für die Elektro-Chirurgie verwendeten Vorrichtungen, insbesondere wenn die Elektroden des Hochfrequenz-Generators direkt mit dem Patienten in Verbindung stehen, kann der Patient elektrische Schläge
erhalten, die sogar zu Verbrennungen führen. Bei einer Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art hat man diese
Gefahr dadurch zu überwinden versucht, daß man die Plattenelektrode über ein Koppelglied erdet (FR-PS
14 12 336), jedoch lassen sich auf diese Weise elektrische
Schläge und Verbrennungen des Patienten nicht mit Sicherheit verhindern, denn wenn eine mit dem Körper
des Patienten in Berührung stehende Elektrode aufgrund eines Fehlers stromführend wird, erfolgt die
Erdung von dieser Elektrode durch den Körper des Patienten und über die Plattenelektrode, so daß der zur
Erde abfließende Strom durch den Körper des Patienten als Stromstoß hindurchgeht.
Bei einer anderen bekannten Vorrichtung dieser Art (US-PS 36 01 126) ist die Plattenelektrode über ein
einschaltbares Relais zu erden. Auch in diesem Falle läßt sich ein Stromfluß von der fehlerhaft unter Spannung
stehenden Elektrode durch den Körper des Patienten zur Plattenelektrode mit den damit verbundenen
Problemen nicht wirksam vermeiden.
Ähnliche Probleme ergeben sich bei weiteren bekannten Vorrichtungen für die Elektro-Chirurgie mit
unter Zwischenschaltung von Schaltelementen geerdeter Plattenelektrode (US-PS 36 83 923 und US-PS
36 75 655). Die Gefahr elektrischer Stromstöße kann durch Isolieren des Ausgangskreises des Hochfrequenz-
Generators gegenüber Masse vermieden werden, damit
einem Stromfluß mit Energieversorgungsfrequenz ein
großer Widerstand gegenüber Masse entgegensteht Dieses Isolieren des Ausgangskreises führt aber selbst
zu einer Gefahr, da das Ausgangssignal des Hochfrequenz-Generators zwischen dem Ptattenelektrodenkreis und Masse erscheinen kann, so daß Patienten oder
andere Personen, die mit dem Plattenelektrodenkreis in
Berührung stehen, Verbrennungen bei eingeschaltetem
ίο Hochfrequenz-Generator erleiden können. Dieser Zustand kann eintreten, wenn zwischen der aktiven
Klemme und Masse eine kleine Impedanz vorhanden ist, beispielsweise wenn die aktive Elektrode mit geerdetem
Metall in Berührung steht
is Bs ist auch bekannt, in den Hochfrequenz-Generator
einen Überwachungskreis einzubauen, der einen kleinen Strom durch den Plattenelektrodenkreis leitet, dessen
Durchgang von einem Relais oder einer ähnlichen Einrichtung beim Schließen des Kreises erfaßt wird. Das
;>() Relais kann dabei ein Alarmsignal auslösen, wenn der
Durchgang des Platteiielckirodcnkrcises verschwindet
diese Anordnung hat bestimmte und insbesondere folgende Nachteile:
a) Es ist eine doppeladrige Leitung erforderlich;
b) der Überwachungsstrom kann elektrische Schläge auslösen;
c) der Überwachung^strom kann die Vorrichtung zum
Überwachen des Patienten stören;
d) der Überwachungskreis erfordert zusätzliche, mit JH dem Plattenelektrodenkreis verbundene Schaltelemente, wodurch das Aufrechterhalten einer ausreichenden elektrischen Isolation erschwert wird.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung für Elektro-Chirurgie der eingangs genannte ten Gattung derart auszubilden, daß die Gefahr von
elektrischen Schlägen und Verbrennungen des Patienten wirksam vermieden wird.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Gattung erfindun^-s^emäß mit den
!■' Merkmalen des Kennzeichens des Hauptanspruches
gelöst Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.
Im Gegensatz zum bekannten Stand der Technik wird beim Anmeldungsgcgenstand die elektrische Spannung
ι ~> an der Plattenelektrode überwacht, um bei einem den
Patienten gefährdenden Betriebszustand die Energiezufuhr vom Generator zu unterbrechen und/oder ein
Alarmsignal zu erzeugen. Auf diese Weise vermeidet man mit Sicherheit, daß unerwünscht starke elektrische
," Spannungen auf den Patienten übertragen werden
können oder Stromstöße durch ihn hindurchfließen, die zu Verbrennungen führen können. Eine Überwachung
des durch die Plattenelektrode hindurchfließenden Stromes ist nicht notwendig, weil bei dem Versuch, die
ί Vorrichtung bei nicht angeschlossener Plattenelektrode
oder bei gebrochener elektrischer Leitung zu benutzen, die Ausgangsspannung am Plattenelektrodenkreis über
den Auslösepegel des zusätzlichen Schaltkreises ansteigt und dadurch der Generator abgeschaltet und/
m oder ein Alarmsignal erzeugt wird. Um eine den Auslösepegel übersteigende Spannung zu vermeiden,
muß die Plattenelektrode angeschlossen sein, um einen geringeren kapazitiven Blindwiderstand zur Masse zu
bilden.
f>-> Der Spannungspegel, bei dem der die elektrische
Spannung an der Plattenelektrode überwachende zusätzliche Schaltkreis wirksam wird, um Verbrennungen des Patienten zu verhindern, liegt im allgemeinen
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels des elektrischen
Schaltkreises der für die Elelctro-Chirurgie bestimmten Vorrichtung weiter erläutert
Die Vorrichtung weist eine Warneinrichtung in Form eines spannungsabhängigen bzw. die Spannung erfassenden
Schaltkreises auf. Dieser Schaltkreis ist mit einem Elektrodenkreis der Vorrichtung verbunden, der
über Klemmen 1, welche mit einer den Ausgang des in
Generators bildenden Spule 2 gekoppelt sind, mit einer Platteneiektrode verbunden ist An diesen Elektrodenkreis
ist über einen Kondensator 3, dessen Kapazität ausreichend klein ist um die Kapazität des Elektrodenkreises
nicht spürbar zu vergrößern, ein Hilfsschal tkr eis oder zusätzlicher Schaltkreis angekoppelt Das Koppelglied
kann statt des Kondensators 3 auch ein Widerstand, ein Miniaturtransformator oder ein optisch
gekoppelter Isolator sein und stellt eine Einrichtung dar, mit der ein kleiner Teil des Generatorausganges aus
dem Elektrodenkreis in den zusätzlichen Schaltkreis übertragen werden kann. Der zusätzliche Schaltkreis
enthält einen Halbwellengleichrichterkreis mit einer
Diode 4, einem Kondensator 5 und einem Widerstand 6. Dieser Halbwellengleichrichterkreis erzeugt eine 2;
Gleichspannung an einem Eingang 7 eines Operationsverstärkers 8. Ein anderer Eingang 9 des Operationsverstärkers
8 liegt an einer variablen und von einem Potentiometer 10 abgeleiteten Referenzspannung. Der
Operationsverstärker 8 wirkt als Auslöserkreis, da sein Ausgangssignal schnell von einer maximalen negativen
Spannung zu einer maximalen positiven Spannung verändert wird, wenn die Spannung am Widerstand 6
eine Referenzspannung übersteigt die von der Einstellung des Potentiometers 10 vorbestimmt ist Das vom
Verstärker 8 erzeugte Signal ist ein einem Relaisschalter 11 zugeführtes Steuersignal. Wenn dieses Signal an
den Relaisschalter U angelegt wird, unterbricht dieser die Energiezufuhr vom Generator, so daß eine als
Alarmgeber dienende Lampe 12 aufleuchtet oder ein hörbares Alarmsignal erzeugt wird. Vorzugsweise
enthält der Relaisschalter 11 eine Verriegelung, um ein
erneutes Einschalten der Vorrichtung zu verhindern, nachdem das Eingangssignal auf null gefallen ist Die
Verriegelung kann entweder elektrisch oder mechanisch ausgebildet und entweder von Hand oder
automatisch zurückzustellen sein. Die Vorrichtung ist mit einem Rückstellschalter 13 versehen, mit dem die
Energiezufuhr wieder eingeschaltet woden kann, wenn nicht ein automatischer Rückstellschahe: vorgesehen
ist der die Einschaltung bewirkt sobald der Fehler behoben ist
Statt eines Relaisschalters 11 kann auch ein Halbleiterschalter wie ein Transistor oder ein Thyristor
vorgesehen sein. Ferner kann sich der Verstärker 8 in bestimmten Fällen als überflüssig erweisen, wenn der
Spannungspegel im zusätzlichen Schaltkreis ausreicht, um den Schalter direkt zu betätigen.
Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen
Claims (4)
1. Vorrichtung für die Elektro-Chirurgie mit einem
Hochfrequenz-Generator, dessen einer Anschluß an eine aktive Elektrode und dessen anderer Anschluß
an eine Plattenelektrode anschließbar ist, wobei der elektrische Betriebszustand der Plattenelektrode
mittels eines zusätzlichen, an diese angeschlossenen geerdeten Schaltkreises überwacht wird, derart, daß
bei einem den Patienten gefährenden Betriebszustand die Energiezufuhr vom Generator unterbrochen und/oder ein Alarmsignal erzeugt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zusätzliche Schaltkreis zur Überwachung der elektrischen
Spannung an der Plattenelektrode zwischen dieser und Erde ein Koppelglied (3) zur möglichst
rückwirkungsfreien Übertragung eines Bruchteils dieser Spannung zum Schaltkreis enthält
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch I1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daS der Schaltkreis einen Verstärker
enthält, dessen einer Eingang (9) mit einem eine variable Referenzspannung liefernden Potentiometer (10) und dessen anderer Eingang (7) mit einem
Gleichrichter (4) verbunden ist
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Verriegelung für den
Schalter (11) zur Unterbrechung der Energiezufuhr aufweist
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schalter (11) mit
einem Alarmgeber (12) verbunden ist
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB39991/73A GB1480736A (en) | 1973-08-23 | 1973-08-23 | Electrodiathermy apparatus |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE2439587A1 DE2439587A1 (de) | 1975-02-27 |
DE2439587B2 true DE2439587B2 (de) | 1979-08-16 |
DE2439587C3 DE2439587C3 (de) | 1980-04-30 |
Family
ID=10412602
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2439587A Expired DE2439587C3 (de) | 1973-08-23 | 1974-08-17 | Vorrichtung für die Elektrochirurgie |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4122854A (de) |
JP (2) | JPS5054184A (de) |
AR (1) | AR202489A1 (de) |
BE (1) | BE819104A (de) |
BR (1) | BR7406977D0 (de) |
CA (1) | CA1032226A (de) |
DE (1) | DE2439587C3 (de) |
DK (1) | DK144407C (de) |
ES (1) | ES429456A1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2241324B1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB1480736A (de) |
IE (1) | IE39739B1 (de) |
IT (1) | IT1018988B (de) |
LU (1) | LU70789A1 (de) |
NL (1) | NL7410981A (de) |
SE (1) | SE401787B (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA745396B (de) |
Families Citing this family (369)
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GB855459A (en) * | 1958-04-11 | 1960-11-30 | Keeler Optical Products Ltd | Improvements in or relating to electro-surgical apparatus |
DE1139927B (de) * | 1961-01-03 | 1962-11-22 | Friedrich Laber | Hochfrequenz-Chirurgiegeraet |
US3513353A (en) * | 1967-08-17 | 1970-05-19 | John L Lansch | Voltage monitoring circuit |
US3601126A (en) * | 1969-01-08 | 1971-08-24 | Electro Medical Systems Inc | High frequency electrosurgical apparatus |
US3628094A (en) * | 1970-09-23 | 1971-12-14 | Sybron Corp | Apparatus of medical and other types |
US3683923A (en) * | 1970-09-25 | 1972-08-15 | Valleylab Inc | Electrosurgery safety circuit |
JPS4818444U (de) * | 1971-07-12 | 1973-03-02 | ||
US3812858A (en) * | 1972-10-24 | 1974-05-28 | Sybron Corp | Dental electrosurgical unit |
JPS5241593B2 (de) * | 1972-12-29 | 1977-10-19 | ||
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-
1973
- 1973-08-23 GB GB39991/73A patent/GB1480736A/en not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-08-12 CA CA206,796A patent/CA1032226A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-08-14 US US05/497,317 patent/US4122854A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-08-14 SE SE7410385A patent/SE401787B/xx unknown
- 1974-08-15 IE IE1708/74A patent/IE39739B1/xx unknown
- 1974-08-16 NL NL7410981A patent/NL7410981A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-08-17 DE DE2439587A patent/DE2439587C3/de not_active Expired
- 1974-08-20 FR FR7428575A patent/FR2241324B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-08-21 IT IT52671/74A patent/IT1018988B/it active
- 1974-08-22 ES ES429456A patent/ES429456A1/es not_active Expired
- 1974-08-22 ZA ZA00745396A patent/ZA745396B/xx unknown
- 1974-08-22 JP JP49096594A patent/JPS5054184A/ja active Pending
- 1974-08-22 BE BE147834A patent/BE819104A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-08-22 BR BR6977/74A patent/BR7406977D0/pt unknown
- 1974-08-22 DK DK449774A patent/DK144407C/da active
- 1974-08-22 AR AR255277A patent/AR202489A1/es active
- 1974-08-23 LU LU70789A patent/LU70789A1/xx unknown
-
1980
- 1980-09-17 JP JP1980133070U patent/JPS578814Y2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL7410981A (nl) | 1975-02-25 |
JPS578814Y2 (de) | 1982-02-19 |
DE2439587A1 (de) | 1975-02-27 |
US4122854A (en) | 1978-10-31 |
ZA745396B (en) | 1975-08-27 |
JPS5054184A (de) | 1975-05-13 |
DK144407C (da) | 1982-08-23 |
CA1032226A (en) | 1978-05-30 |
DK449774A (de) | 1975-04-21 |
SE401787B (sv) | 1978-05-29 |
IE39739L (en) | 1975-02-23 |
JPS5647618U (de) | 1981-04-27 |
GB1480736A (en) | 1977-07-20 |
FR2241324A1 (de) | 1975-03-21 |
SE7410385L (de) | 1975-02-24 |
BR7406977D0 (pt) | 1975-09-09 |
AR202489A1 (es) | 1975-06-13 |
BE819104A (fr) | 1974-12-16 |
ES429456A1 (es) | 1976-09-01 |
LU70789A1 (de) | 1975-01-02 |
DE2439587C3 (de) | 1980-04-30 |
IT1018988B (it) | 1977-10-20 |
DK144407B (da) | 1982-03-08 |
FR2241324B1 (de) | 1977-03-25 |
IE39739B1 (en) | 1978-12-20 |
AU7261674A (en) | 1976-02-26 |
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