DE1906545B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- DE1906545B2 DE1906545B2 DE1906545A DE1906545A DE1906545B2 DE 1906545 B2 DE1906545 B2 DE 1906545B2 DE 1906545 A DE1906545 A DE 1906545A DE 1906545 A DE1906545 A DE 1906545A DE 1906545 B2 DE1906545 B2 DE 1906545B2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- cathode
- membranes
- anolyte
- catholyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 amine salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical class [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 abstract 1
- HCWMUANODLPMEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethyl sulfate;tetraethylazanium Chemical compound CCOS([O-])(=O)=O.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HCWMUANODLPMEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920006216 polyvinyl aromatic Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 60
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1CC KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QLLUAUADIMPKIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)naphthalene Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=C(C=C)C(C=C)=CC=C21 QLLUAUADIMPKIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKSPHENWXBWOPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid oxochromium Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)O.O=[Cr] ZKSPHENWXBWOPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEVONNIFUFSRKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(carboxymethyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1(C)C(CC(O)=O)CC1C(O)=O LEVONNIFUFSRKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl-ethylene Natural products C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2275—Heterogeneous membranes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/29—Coupling reactions
- C25B3/295—Coupling reactions hydrodimerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2309/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
- C08J2309/02—Copolymers with acrylonitrile
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US70427968A | 1968-02-09 | 1968-02-09 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1906545A1 DE1906545A1 (de) | 1969-08-28 |
| DE1906545B2 true DE1906545B2 (en, 2012) | 1974-04-04 |
| DE1906545C3 DE1906545C3 (en, 2012) | 1974-10-31 |
Family
ID=24828816
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19691906545 Granted DE1906545A1 (de) | 1968-02-09 | 1969-02-10 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Hydrodimeren von elefinischen Verbindungen |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3616319A (en, 2012) |
| JP (1) | JPS541687B1 (en, 2012) |
| AT (1) | AT287670B (en, 2012) |
| BE (1) | BE728204A (en, 2012) |
| BR (1) | BR6906260D0 (en, 2012) |
| CA (1) | CA920532A (en, 2012) |
| CH (1) | CH509985A (en, 2012) |
| DE (1) | DE1906545A1 (en, 2012) |
| FR (1) | FR2001648A1 (en, 2012) |
| GB (1) | GB1257215A (en, 2012) |
| IL (1) | IL31582A0 (en, 2012) |
| LU (1) | LU57935A1 (en, 2012) |
| NL (1) | NL6902080A (en, 2012) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3976549A (en) * | 1973-02-26 | 1976-08-24 | Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation | Electrolysis method |
| US4164463A (en) * | 1975-05-20 | 1979-08-14 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hydrophilic fluoropolymers |
| JPS5626554A (en) * | 1979-08-10 | 1981-03-14 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Improved cation exchange membrane |
| US4391663A (en) * | 1980-12-05 | 1983-07-05 | Hutter Iii Charles G | Method of curing adhesive |
| US5523181A (en) * | 1992-09-25 | 1996-06-04 | Masahiro Watanabe | Polymer solid-electrolyte composition and electrochemical cell using the composition |
| FI20095084A0 (fi) * | 2009-01-30 | 2009-01-30 | Pekka Vallittu | Komposiitti ja sen käyttö |
-
1968
- 1968-02-09 US US704279A patent/US3616319A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1969
- 1969-02-05 GB GB1257215D patent/GB1257215A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-02-06 LU LU57935D patent/LU57935A1/xx unknown
- 1969-02-07 FR FR6902901A patent/FR2001648A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1969-02-07 CA CA042282A patent/CA920532A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-02-08 JP JP906369A patent/JPS541687B1/ja active Pending
- 1969-02-09 IL IL31582A patent/IL31582A0/xx unknown
- 1969-02-10 BR BR206260/69A patent/BR6906260D0/pt unknown
- 1969-02-10 BE BE728204D patent/BE728204A/xx unknown
- 1969-02-10 AT AT134369A patent/AT287670B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-02-10 NL NL6902080A patent/NL6902080A/ unknown
- 1969-02-10 DE DE19691906545 patent/DE1906545A1/de active Granted
- 1969-02-10 CH CH200669A patent/CH509985A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL31582A0 (en) | 1969-04-30 |
| FR2001648A1 (en, 2012) | 1969-09-26 |
| BR6906260D0 (pt) | 1973-01-09 |
| US3616319A (en) | 1971-10-26 |
| AT287670B (de) | 1971-02-10 |
| DE1906545C3 (en, 2012) | 1974-10-31 |
| LU57935A1 (en, 2012) | 1969-09-17 |
| NL6902080A (en, 2012) | 1969-08-12 |
| CA920532A (en) | 1973-02-06 |
| JPS541687B1 (en, 2012) | 1979-01-27 |
| CH509985A (de) | 1971-07-15 |
| GB1257215A (en, 2012) | 1971-12-15 |
| BE728204A (en, 2012) | 1969-08-11 |
| DE1906545A1 (de) | 1969-08-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| SH | Request for examination between 03.10.1968 and 22.04.1971 | ||
| C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) |