DE1901034B2 - Verfahren zur herstellung dunkler braunglasgegenstaende dunkles braunglas und seiner verwendung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung dunkler braunglasgegenstaende dunkles braunglas und seiner verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- DE1901034B2 DE1901034B2 DE19691901034 DE1901034A DE1901034B2 DE 1901034 B2 DE1901034 B2 DE 1901034B2 DE 19691901034 DE19691901034 DE 19691901034 DE 1901034 A DE1901034 A DE 1901034A DE 1901034 B2 DE1901034 B2 DE 1901034B2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- copper oxide
- sulfide
- percent
- sulfur
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims description 127
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000006121 base glass Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) oxide Chemical compound [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000010494 opalescence Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019219 chocolate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 claims 11
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004031 devitrification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 13
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 235000007230 Sorghum bicolor Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical class [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBJNMUFDOHXDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Cu].[Cu] LBJNMUFDOHXDFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000254 damaging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010951 particle size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/08—Compositions for glass with special properties for glass selectively absorbing radiation of specified wave lengths
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/02—Compositions for glass with special properties for coloured glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
- C03C4/08—Compositions for glass with special properties for glass selectively absorbing radiation of specified wave lengths
- C03C4/085—Compositions for glass with special properties for glass selectively absorbing radiation of specified wave lengths for ultraviolet absorbing glass
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US69716968A | 1968-01-11 | 1968-01-11 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1901034A1 DE1901034A1 (de) | 1969-08-21 |
| DE1901034B2 true DE1901034B2 (de) | 1971-11-18 |
Family
ID=24800084
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19691901034 Withdrawn DE1901034B2 (de) | 1968-01-11 | 1969-01-10 | Verfahren zur herstellung dunkler braunglasgegenstaende dunkles braunglas und seiner verwendung |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3627548A (show.php) |
| CA (2) | CA924739A (show.php) |
| DE (1) | DE1901034B2 (show.php) |
| FR (1) | FR2000170A1 (show.php) |
| NL (1) | NL6900408A (show.php) |
| SE (3) | SE347732B (show.php) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3900415A (en) * | 1971-09-27 | 1975-08-19 | Ethyl Corp | Magnetic glass |
| US3837831A (en) * | 1973-03-14 | 1974-09-24 | Owens Illinois Inc | Melting and refining of amber glass |
| US4065281A (en) * | 1976-05-05 | 1977-12-27 | Research-Cottrell | Production of amber glass |
| US4312953A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1982-01-26 | Owens-Illinois, Inc. | Olive-green glass compositions |
| GB9825272D0 (en) * | 1998-11-18 | 1999-01-13 | Pilkington Plc | Glass compositions |
| US8785337B2 (en) | 2011-07-08 | 2014-07-22 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Glass container composition |
| US9296641B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2016-03-29 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Inspectable black glass containers |
| US9725354B2 (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2017-08-08 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Color-strikable glass containers |
| US9782796B2 (en) | 2013-07-30 | 2017-10-10 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Selective color striking of color-strikable articles |
| US9663393B2 (en) | 2015-09-01 | 2017-05-30 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Process and apparatus for coloring glass containers |
| EP4442654A1 (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2024-10-09 | Ankerpoort N.V. | Methods of recycling cullet and fibreglass |
-
1968
- 1968-01-11 US US697169A patent/US3627548A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1969
- 1969-01-10 CA CA039767A patent/CA924739A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-01-10 FR FR6900332A patent/FR2000170A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1969-01-10 NL NL6900408A patent/NL6900408A/xx unknown
- 1969-01-10 SE SE00275/69A patent/SE347732B/xx unknown
- 1969-01-10 SE SE7111367A patent/SE371181B/xx unknown
- 1969-01-10 DE DE19691901034 patent/DE1901034B2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1969-01-10 SE SE11368/71A patent/SE360643B/xx unknown
-
1971
- 1971-09-14 CA CA122789A patent/CA923706A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA923706A (en) | 1973-04-03 |
| CA924739A (en) | 1973-04-17 |
| FR2000170A1 (show.php) | 1969-08-29 |
| NL6900408A (show.php) | 1969-07-15 |
| US3627548A (en) | 1971-12-14 |
| DE1901034A1 (de) | 1969-08-21 |
| SE360643B (show.php) | 1973-10-01 |
| SE347732B (show.php) | 1972-08-14 |
| SE371181B (show.php) | 1974-11-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE2337702C3 (de) | Flachglas des Systems SiO2 -Na2 0-CaO-MgO-Al2 O3 -Fe2 O] -SO3 -(K2 O) mit verbesserten Eigenschaften zur thermischen und chemischen Härtung, sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung | |
| DE60008978T2 (de) | Kristallisiertes Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 Glas und die dafür benötigten kristallisierbaren Gläser | |
| DE2404623C3 (de) | Entglasbares, in eine Glaskeramik umwandelbares Glas des Systems SiO2 -Al2 O3 - CaO - MgO - Na2 O und als Keimbildner TiO2, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung | |
| DE69613346T2 (de) | Tiefgrünes gefärbtes glas | |
| DE69729131T2 (de) | Verfahren zum Wiedergewinnen gemischtfarbigen Glasbruchs in Braun-, Grün- oder Weißglas | |
| DE1596938B2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von mit kobaltoxid gefaerbtem glas in einer relativ grossen schmelzeinrichtung im kontinuierlichen betrieb | |
| DE1596943B2 (de) | Verfahren zum herstellen eines tonerde-silikatglases mit relativ hohem tonerdegehalt sowie aus diesem glas hergestellter glasgegenstand | |
| DE202021004200U1 (de) | Gemenge zur Herstellung von Flintglas mittels Tauchverbrennungsschmelzen | |
| DE202020005894U1 (de) | Verwendung von Sulfat beim Läutern von durch Tauchverbrennung geschmolzenem Glas | |
| DE1901034B2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung dunkler braunglasgegenstaende dunkles braunglas und seiner verwendung | |
| DE1271327B (de) | Verfahren zum Dekorieren oder Faerben von halbkristallinen Koerpern | |
| DE1496579B2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von weißen Glas-Kristall-Mischkörpern aus Hochofenschlakke | |
| DE102007051328A1 (de) | Glasfritte mit Eisenselenid-Komplex | |
| DE10053450B4 (de) | Rotes Glas, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung | |
| DE10249825B4 (de) | Bernsteinfärbungsfreie reduzierte Blauglasmischung | |
| DE1496488B2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines glas kirstall mischkoerpers optimaler festigkeit durch gesteuerte entglasung eines glases des systems li tief 2 0 si o tief 2 unter verwendung eines phosphats als keimbildner | |
| DE2506804C3 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Flachglas | |
| DE1901034C (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung dunkler Braunglasgegenstande, dunkles Braunglas und seine Verwendung | |
| DE412156C (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung basischer, kristallisierter Glaeser oder Steine | |
| DE3249530T1 (de) | Glaskristallines Material und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung | |
| DE102004001729B4 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines rot gefärbten Borosilicatglases | |
| DE1596754B2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines bernsteinfarbenen glases mit vorherbestimmten farbton unter verwendung einer hochofenschlacke | |
| DE2158544A1 (de) | Opalglas und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung | |
| DE1596938C (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit Kobaltoxid gefärbtem Glas in einer relativ großen Schmelzeinrichtung im kontinuierlichen Betrieb | |
| AT202724B (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Glasgegenständen mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| SH | Request for examination between 03.10.1968 and 22.04.1971 | ||
| E77 | Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977 | ||
| EHJ | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |