DE1669969B2 - Verfahren zur Herabsetzung der Entflammbarkeit von organischen Hochpolymeren - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herabsetzung der Entflammbarkeit von organischen HochpolymerenInfo
- Publication number
- DE1669969B2 DE1669969B2 DE1669969A DED0053484A DE1669969B2 DE 1669969 B2 DE1669969 B2 DE 1669969B2 DE 1669969 A DE1669969 A DE 1669969A DE D0053484 A DED0053484 A DE D0053484A DE 1669969 B2 DE1669969 B2 DE 1669969B2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- esters
- flame
- allyl
- percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VUNCWTMEJYMOOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachlorocyclopentadiene Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl VUNCWTMEJYMOOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 ethyl allyl ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003022 phthalic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- LIZCTYVUVWUZMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3-tetrachlorobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)C(O)=O LIZCTYVUVWUZMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GWHRPSOIZQENQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chlorocyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound ClC1C=CC=C1 GWHRPSOIZQENQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 206010003497 Asphyxia Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 241000219495 Betulaceae Species 0.000 claims 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229940058905 antimony compound for treatment of leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001463 antimony compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006253 efflorescence Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000414 obstructive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- CHGYKYXGIWNSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,4,6-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=NC(C(O)=O)=C1 CHGYKYXGIWNSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VOSUIKFOFHZNED-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC(C(=O)OCC=C)=CC(C(=O)OCC=C)=C1 VOSUIKFOFHZNED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-BGYRXZFFSA-N 1-o-[(2r)-2-ethylhexyl] 2-o-[(2s)-2-ethylhexyl] benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCC[C@H](CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC[C@H](CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-BGYRXZFFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXTNCQMOKLOUAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Oxoglutaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O OXTNCQMOKLOUAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylhexyl phthalate Natural products CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- HABAXTXIECRCKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) butanedioate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC=C HABAXTXIECRCKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKXRKRANFLFTFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) oxalate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C(=O)OCC=C BKXRKRANFLFTFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene Chemical group C=CCCC=C PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 1
- XEEVLJKYYUVTRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomalonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=O)C(O)=O XEEVLJKYYUVTRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012264 purified product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/12—Esters; Ether-esters of cyclic polycarboxylic acids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S524/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S524/925—Natural rubber compositions having nonreactive materials, i.e. NRM, other than: carbon, silicon dioxide, glass titanium dioxide, water, hydrocarbon or halohydrocarbon
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1669969A DE1669969B2 (de) | 1967-06-30 | 1967-06-30 | Verfahren zur Herabsetzung der Entflammbarkeit von organischen Hochpolymeren |
| US737867A US3562208A (en) | 1967-06-30 | 1968-06-18 | Additives for reducing the inflammability of high organic polymers |
| FR1570309D FR1570309A (en:Method) | 1967-06-30 | 1968-06-27 | |
| NL6809167A NL6809167A (en:Method) | 1967-06-30 | 1968-06-28 | |
| LU56373D LU56373A1 (en:Method) | 1967-06-30 | 1968-06-28 | |
| GB31137/68A GB1190695A (en) | 1967-06-30 | 1968-06-28 | Improvements in or relating to Polymeric Compositions of Reduced Inflammibility |
| BE717305D BE717305A (en:Method) | 1967-06-30 | 1968-06-28 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1669969A DE1669969B2 (de) | 1967-06-30 | 1967-06-30 | Verfahren zur Herabsetzung der Entflammbarkeit von organischen Hochpolymeren |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1669969A1 DE1669969A1 (de) | 1971-08-26 |
| DE1669969B2 true DE1669969B2 (de) | 1974-11-14 |
Family
ID=7055014
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1669969A Granted DE1669969B2 (de) | 1967-06-30 | 1967-06-30 | Verfahren zur Herabsetzung der Entflammbarkeit von organischen Hochpolymeren |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3562208A (en:Method) |
| BE (1) | BE717305A (en:Method) |
| DE (1) | DE1669969B2 (en:Method) |
| FR (1) | FR1570309A (en:Method) |
| GB (1) | GB1190695A (en:Method) |
| LU (1) | LU56373A1 (en:Method) |
| NL (1) | NL6809167A (en:Method) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3632215A1 (de) * | 1986-09-23 | 1988-03-24 | Dentaire Ivoclar Ets | Reaktiver organischer fuellstoff sowie dessen verwendung |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8321643D0 (en) * | 1983-08-11 | 1983-09-14 | Ici Plc | Fire retardant polyamide compositions |
-
1967
- 1967-06-30 DE DE1669969A patent/DE1669969B2/de active Granted
-
1968
- 1968-06-18 US US737867A patent/US3562208A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1968-06-27 FR FR1570309D patent/FR1570309A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-06-28 NL NL6809167A patent/NL6809167A/xx unknown
- 1968-06-28 LU LU56373D patent/LU56373A1/xx unknown
- 1968-06-28 GB GB31137/68A patent/GB1190695A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-06-28 BE BE717305D patent/BE717305A/xx unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3632215A1 (de) * | 1986-09-23 | 1988-03-24 | Dentaire Ivoclar Ets | Reaktiver organischer fuellstoff sowie dessen verwendung |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1570309A (en:Method) | 1969-06-06 |
| DE1669969A1 (de) | 1971-08-26 |
| BE717305A (en:Method) | 1968-12-02 |
| NL6809167A (en:Method) | 1968-12-31 |
| LU56373A1 (en:Method) | 1968-10-04 |
| US3562208A (en) | 1971-02-09 |
| GB1190695A (en) | 1970-05-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) | ||
| E77 | Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977 | ||
| EHJ | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |