DD298219A5 - APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SPAN CONCRETE COMPONENTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an improved system for the production of prestressed concrete components such as railway sleepers, the system can be used particularly advantageous for the production of differently trained switch sleepers. The essence of the invention consists in a rational combination or combination of aggregate-like movable production templates in Laengsrichtung to a long bed plant, which can be produced within a template of different lengths products with different mounting elements. According to the invention, the system is equipped with interchangeable bottom insert plates for the lower limit of the channels 52 in the templates 1 and with interchangeable comb constructions which are inserted into the channels at the connection points of adjacent bottom plates. Fig. 3 {manufacture; Prestressed concrete elements; Railway concrete sleepers; Switch sleepers; combinable long bed facility; movable production templates; Mounting elements; interchangeable floor panels; Comb structures}

Description

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a system for the production of prefabricated prestressed concrete components, in particular railway sleepers.

Characteristic of the known state of the art

For the production of normal prestressed reinforced concrete sleepers intended for main lines numerous methods are known, the common feature of which is that they have production lines enabling the mass production of the same products. In general, they ensure the productive and economic production of a single type of railway sleepers.

In the production of prestressed concrete sleepers for the switches of the Eisanbahngleisnetzes, however, there are fundamentally different manufacturing technologies due to the circumstances that

- for each turnout about 40-80 different concrete sleepers become necessary, which have to be transported all at once to the place of installation,

the load on the concrete sleepers of the switches is different depending on their position taken on the railway line,

- In the soft concrete sleepers a large number of Schienenklemmplatten still need to be arranged with a custom in the prefabrication accuracy of ± 1 mm and each turnout threshold in different positions.

Basically, two methods were developed for the production of concrete sleepers intended for turnouts. According to one method, a separate template is made for each switch type, d. H. that each template is only suitable for producing a Betonschwellenart. Of course, this means an important disadvantage that quite a lot of 40-80 different stencils are needed to produce the concrete sleepers required for the individual points, making the production difficult to organize and uneconomical. Basis of the Other Known Method Is the conventional fitted bed manufacturing method using 50-1200mm long tie bars provided at both ends for receiving tensioning anchors. Between these Ankerböcken the geometrical shape of the sleepers determining templates are arranged. The disadvantage of this method is that it is inelastic and the manufacturing cycle is quite long (takes 24 hours); also in this case own templates are required for all points thresholds; Finally, in the course of production always required for each turnout concrete sleeper group is made and for the reproduction of individual elements, there is no possibility, although this is required for example in faulty thresholds. In both known methods, a serious disadvantage is that immediately a large - the production of 200 to 500 turnouts groups enabling - must be constructed capacity. However, the use of concrete sleepers designed for woofing often only takes years, meaning that valuable basic resources are tied up unused. Furthermore, it must be considered that until the extensive use of the products numerous series of tests on only a few points are made and the development is therefore burdened by unnecessarily high stencil costs. As a result of the defective products occurring in the turnout threshold production also superfluous products must be produced in the reproduction. In any case, the production of the trial products requires a complete manufacturing technology.

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is to rationalize the entire production cost-effective and to allow the simultaneous production of divergent reinforced concrete products, in particular railway turnout sleepers, in practically any number.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to provide a production plant for prestressed concrete elements, which can be extended in the longitudinal direction, d. H. that the aggregate-like movable production templates combined to form a long bed plant and within the same template different lengths products with divergent distribution having mounting elements can be produced.

The invention is based on the recognition that in the case when in the region of the connections of the adjacent movable (aggregate-like) production templates they are anchored in a solid base, a occurring under the action of stress lifting or buckling is prevented upwards and when the clamping chambers be made mountable, with only two chambers a virtually arbitrarily long, formed by divergent template Spannbettartig a system can be created.

Furthermore, the invention is based on the finding that in the case when interchangeable floor panels and mobile comb constructions are used in a long bed manufacturing plant - in their production frame, the length and the equipment assembly of the manufactured components can be changed virtually arbitrarily, so that the Possibility to make all railway concrete sleepers for a turnout with a single template. Another finding is that by designing the side wall panels of the template made of elastic material or an elastic construction, the undesirable effects of the high clamping forces that occur can be eliminated. Based on these findings, the object has been solved in the context of the invention by means of a system that has attached to the support frame one or more mold channels containing template, connected to the ends of the template clamping head chambers and the separation of the channels in the transverse direction serving comb constructions and their essential Feature is that they correspond to the lower boundary of the channel or the channels of the template serving replaceable bottom insert plates and to be arranged at the junctions of the adjacent floor panels in the channel or in the channels and removable from there comb construction in shape of the cross-sectional shape of the channel Performing the tension wires serving openings (holes) provided below with a determination approach, spaced apart comb plates, further insertable between the comb plates and these cohesive determinants has; In contrast, in the adjoining end faces of the bottom insert plates comb nests are installed, with the determination approaches the comb plates of the individual comb constructions in the by the neighboring Kami. Insert nest formed individual openings. In accordance with another feature of the invention, the determining element has a head (gripper head) containing a catching hole or / and another catching mechanism extending beyond the upper edge of the comb plate - conveniently trapezoidal in front view, from the lower part thereof between the comb plates inserting and extending in both sides transversely to the vertical longitudinal geometric plane of the template channel advantageously perpendicular to the same determination arms on the side edges of the comb plates; from the head a spacer rib or more ribs emerge downwards, which insert themselves between the comb plates. It is also useful if in the region of the ends of the Ber '^; mmungsarme downward determination pins are provided and are provided on the two end faces of the gripping head of the determination element in the assembly of the comb construction on the upper edge of the comb plates resting Klammbügel. For another embodiment of the plant is characterized in that the bottom insert plates rest with their longitudinal edges except for the - conveniently along the longitudinal direction of the template - supports and fastened with releasable connections expediently fastening screws to the transverse lower support plates, which presses against the lower surface of the supports are; in this os is expedient if between the lower support plates and the bottom insert plates spacer elements expediently provided in the bottom plates provided threaded holes screwed fastening screws surrounding spacer rings are provided.

According to a further feature of the invention, expediently interchangeable threaded bushes are provided in the base insert plates for holding down the threaded plastic inserts provided for receiving the rail fastening screws. It is advantageous if the threaded bushes are screwed into threaded holes. According to another embodiment, the stencil channel delimiting at least one sidewall purpose is conveniently a top-to-bottom and inward-sloping plate - elastically deformable - and expediently made of sheet steel; In this case, it is advantageous if the template channels are limited by hollow rectangular profiles having load-bearing beams, which are fastened for example by a welded connection to the support frame formed by the longitudinal member and cross member.

In particular, in the case of the production of railway sleepers, the embodiment is expedient, according to which the outer beams have from top to bottom and inwardly inclined inner walls, on the or the intermediate advantageously a rectangular cross-section beam, however, one or more a downwardly rotated spread U Cross-section having elastic inserts are arranged, whose or obliquely downwardly and inwardly and in the full length of each bottom insert plate along running leg as the channel or channels laterally delimiting sluggish plates are formed, which suitably extend to below the replaceable bottom insert plates ; In this case, it is expedient if elastic elements are arranged between the outer side surface of the intermediate beam and the rear surface of the oblique plates of the elastic insert.

The invention also provides for the production of prestressed concrete elements, in particular railroad ties serving plant having one or more mold channels containing template, and has connected to the ends of the template clamping head chambers and is characteristic of the system that the template connected to each other with detachable connections Template units, and in the region of the connections to the body

- Advantageously, with a detachable connection - is attached, wherein the head chambers are connected to the two outer template units also with detachable connections. According to a further embodiment, the adjacent template units are connected to each other by means of at their ends on both sides in the lateral direction outwardly advantageously perpendicular and perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal geometric plane of the channels perpendicular to each other resting connecting plates and plugged through these screws. In the area of the terminal ends of the stencil unit are advantageous-down below - in the lateral direction on both sides to the outside court

- Conveniently horizontal - fasteners z. B. mounting plates provided by which the template units are fastened by means of screws to anchoring elements, the anchoring elements, however, by means of embedded in the body basic screws. In this case, it is expedient for the anchoring elements to have, via an upper plate, an obliquely inclined side plate extending from it at a vertical distance parallel to it and connecting these plates, suitably from top to bottom and outwards, the anchoring screws fitting to the upper one Plate, the base screws, however, are attached to the lower plate, continue when between the mounting plates and the anchoring plates elastic inserts z. B. rubber blocks are provided.

For a further embodiment of the system is characteristic that the template unit is connected by means of both sides outwardly projecting flanges and mounting screws to the head chamber and that at the lower part of the

Template unit or / and the head chamber in the region of the connection are provided on both sides outwardly anchoring eyelets, through which the anchored in the body anchoring screws are pushed through. It may also be advantageous if gripping heads containing holes (holes) are arranged in the head chambers for carrying out the tensioning wires, in which the holes are lockable in the area opening out onto the one end face with the aid of a removable and reusable closure element.

According to another feature of the invention, the holes have larger diameter threaded taps opening from the end face of the clamping head, and the closing elements are stems which can be screwed into these taps and e.g. Hexagonal heads having components.

Ausführungsbelsplel

The invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an advantageous embodiment of the plant used to manufacture railroad prestressed concrete sleepers and the more important detail design details. On the drawings shows

1 shows a detail of the system in sketched side view,

2 shows the detail A designated in FIG. 1 on a larger scale, FIG.

Fig. 3: the detail of Figure 2 in a vertical section and in a perspective view, Figure 4: taken in Figure 1 along the line BB vertical section on a larger scale, Figure 5: designated in Figure 4 Detail C. .

6 shows the detail D in FIG. 4 on a larger scale,

Fig. 7: in the plant of Fig. 1 usable connectable interchangeable insert plates in plan view in

8 shows the insert plates according to FIG. 7 partly in side view, partly in a vertical section taken along the line E-E drawn there, FIG.

9 shows the detail F on a larger scale in FIG. 8, FIG. 10 shows a threaded insert of plastic provided with a rail screw and insert plate, provided for a rail screw, FIG.

11 shows a comb construction usable in combination with the insert plates according to FIGS. 7 and 8 in front view; FIG. 12 shows the side view of the comb construction according to FIG. 11; Fig. 13: one of the determining element of the comb construction of FIG. 11 and 12 slightly different

14 shows a mountable head chamber in a side view, FIG. 15 shows the plan view of the half part of the head chamber according to FIGS. 14 and 15, FIG. 16 shows the front view of the clamping head of the head chamber according to FIG. 14 and 15, FIG. 17: the side view, partly the section of the clamping head visible in FIG. 16, FIG. 18: the detail G indicated in FIG. 17 on a larger scale.

The template of the system shown in Fig. 1 is connected to the generally designated by the reference numeral 12 supporting framework, the latter on the - here by her legs turned upwards U-beam profiles formed longitudinal beams 13 and the vertical, generally about all 1.0m arranged cross member has, which are shown only in Figure 4. The template 1 itself is composed of the template units 1 a ... 1 c, which are connected in a manner shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 to each other and to a basic body 8 made of concrete. The support frame 12 is incidentally with the interposition of rubber blocks 4 on the z. B. supported by a reinforced concrete plate bottom formed. In the case of the present exemplary embodiment, the template 1, which can also consist of 10-12 template units 1 a... 1 c depending on the length of the production bench known per se, is designed as a dual-channel, ie. h., It has three supporting beams, of which the outer beam has been designated with the reference number 11. (In Fig. 1 and 2, only one outer beam, in Figs. 2 and 3, however, all three bars can be seen.) In the case of the present embodiment, the beams are 10,11 closed rectangular profile steel box girders (Fig. 3 and 4). As can be seen from Fig. 1 at the two ends of the template 1, the tension-side head chamber 2 and located on the locking side head chamber 3 is connected to their training in later still come back. Incidentally, these head chambers 2, 3 serve - in a manner known per se - for holding and tensioning the tensioning wires of the railway sleepers to be produced. From Fig. 2 and 3, the manner of attachment of the template units 1 b and 1 c of the template 1 to each other and to the main body 8 can be seen. From the outer vertical side surfaces of the outer beams 10 are at the ends of the connected beam sections vertical outwardly directed connecting plates 46,47 show that nestle against each other and are fastened by means of screws 50 to each other. To the lower part of the connecting plates 46, 47 or / and to the outer vertical side wall of the outer beams 10 are fixed horizontally outward fixing plates 48, 49 (eg, by a welded joint), which are fixed to the base made of concrete Arranged 8 and attached to this by means of embedded concrete base bolts 6 steel anchoring element 5 are connected by the screws 7. The anchoring element 5 is a side view trapezoidal hollow body having a top wall 5a, a bottom wall 5b and inclined side walls 5c. The fastening plates 48, 49 are fastened to the upper wall 5 a by means of screws 7, whereas the basic screws 6 are guided through the lower wall 5 b and secured thereto by means of nuts. In this way, the template 1 is fastened by the screws 7 to the anchoring element 5 and the latter by the base screws 6 to the base body. The embodiment of Figure 3 differs from that according to FIG. 2 in that between the anchoring element 5 and the mounting plates 48,49 an elastic insert 4a, z. B. a rubber block is installed.

With the aid of the connection according to FIGS. 2 and 3, on the one hand the mutual connection of the adjacent template units 1b, 1c to each other can be completely realized, on the other hand it can be prevented with great certainty that the template 1 - which is essentially a long carrier - as a result the Spannarbeitsgang occurring quite large forces buckling upwards.

The system will be described below with reference to FIGS. 3-6, wherein the reference numbers previously used mutatis mutandis apply. The channels of the template 1 have been designated by the reference numeral 52 in FIGS. 3 and 4, and the vertical longitudinal center plane of the channels by the letter y. In Figure 4, the projecting in the lateral direction Hubzapfen 51 of the template were shown.

As already mentioned, the longitudinal members 13 and the transverse beams 14 welded to the latter together form the support frame 12 and to this support frame the beams 10 and 13 are also fastened by means of welded joints. The latter and the support frame 12 together form the manufacturing framework of the plant.

From Figs. 3 and 4 it can be clearly seen that the outer load-bearing beams 10 have slanted inner walls 10a and that an elastic insert 15 is arranged on the central beam 11, which has in cross-section a downwardly rotated spread-out U-shape, along the full length of the template 1, rests with its rib 15b on the upright rectangular profile having intermediate beam 11, wherein its legs form inclined plates which extend beyond the formed by the bottom insert plates 17 bottom of the channels 52 down, their oblique is directed downwardly and inwardly so as to ensure the channels 52 with the inner sloping walls 10 a of the outer beams 10 and the bottom insert plates 17 together a downwardly narrower trapezoidal cross-section corresponding to the cross section of the railway sleepers to be produced. The elastic insert 17 is expediently made of elastically detormable steel sheet, the oblique side plates 15a are movable and so by securing the possibility of lateral evasion the resulting due to the production along the reinforced concrete Schwelion production cross-sectional dimension errors (eg recesses or Bulges) eliminate occurring jamming. Elastic deflection also promotes the conveniently linear, longitudinally-running elastic members 16 / rubber springs (FIGS. 3 and 4) disposed between the vertical side walls of the intermediate beam 10 and the side surfaces 15a.

As is known, the cross section of the interchangeable sleepers does not change and therefore the cross section of the channels 52 visible in FIGS. 3 and 4 is constant throughout the length of the template 1. The length of the railway sleepers belonging to the same turnout is different, however Railway sleepers arranged for rail fastening or for other purposes holes arranged at different locations, which can be taken into account in the context of the invention by appropriate design of the template 1 of the system. In order to accommodate both the different lengths and the change in the rail fastening points, the interchangeable bottom insert plates designated by reference numeral 17 in FIGS. 3 and 4 are provided, two of which are illustrated in FIGS. To set the different threshold lengths for vertical separation (compartments) of the interior of the template 1 and for performing and holding the tension wires serving from Fig. 11-13 apparent mobile comb structures 25 are provided, is returned to the detailed description in the rest. The outer supports 18 are on the inner sloping wall 10a of the beams 10, the inner supports 18, however, as shown in the larger scale shown in FIG 5 is clearly visible - welded to the oblique side plate 15a of the elastic insert 15. The bottom insert plates 17 are located with their longitudinal edges on each of two supports 18 (Figures 4 and 5). As can be seen from Fig. 5, the supports 18 have nests 18a at the bottom and outside, in which the ends of the sheet-metal rigid transverse lower support plates 19 are inserted; these were also shown in Fig.4. For each replaceable bottom insert plate 17 includes two, three such lower support plates 19 and these are in the middle by means of one screw 20 (see also Fig. 6) releasably secured to their belonging bottom insert plate 17. Between the lower support plates 19 and the bottom insert plate 17, the spacer ring 21 is arranged, which was shown in Fig. 5 on a larger scale. The task of the lower support plates 19 is the reinforcement of the bottom insert plates 17 and the assurance derer horizontal position. By tightening the screws 20, the bottom insert plates 17 are pressed onto the supports 18 at their two ends. The spacer rings 21 prevent deformation of the bottom insert plates 17 in the course of their tightening on the supports 18.

In Figs. 7-9, the inventive embodiment of the exchangeable floor panels 17 is shown in detail. In Fig. 7, the adjacent floor panels 17 are of different lengths and therefore these longitudinal dimensions have been designated by the reference letters a, a ₂ . In the width s having mating end faces of the adjacent floor panels 17 rectangular planets nests 22 a are incorporated in the plan view, which together form an opening with a width b (Fig. 7). This corresponds to the width dimension of the comb construction 25 as will be seen later, the vertical geometric center life mit denoted by a dot-dash line is the production separation plane of the adjacent reinforced concrete railway sleepers to be produced. (The vertical geometric center plane y is the already mentioned vertical geometric center plane of the channels 52 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4). In the bottom insert plates 17 are provided on the one hand threaded holes 23 to the fixing screws 20 shown in Figures 4 and 6, on the other hand also threaded circular openings 24a in which the made of plastic and for depressing the in Fig. 10 on a larger scale threaded inserts 53rd insert the replaceable threaded bushings 24 serving for the rail fastening screws. In Fig. 10, the plastic insert fastening screw 54 has been shown. In Fig. 8, the openings 23 and partly also 24 a were illustrated only by drawing their vertical axis lines.

It has also been illustrated on the larger scale Fig. 9 that the head of the bushing 24 has a hexagonal shape for screwing into the opening 24a.

To accommodate the illustrated in Fig. 10 3n plastic insert fixing screw 54 (the screwing of the rail fastening screws takes place only after installation of the finished reinforced concrete sleepers) serve the threaded plastic inserts 53, with the help of the threaded bushing 24 before filling the concrete in the bottom insert plate 17th , d. H. in the template 1 (Figure 1), after which concreting takes place. Here it should be noted that in Figs. 7 and 8, the openings 24 in the adjacent floor panels 17 from each other

are distributed differently, but this in the Fig., Since the dimensional differences compared to the scale are low - the sake of clarity was not illustrated.

The mobile comb construction already mentioned in Figs. 11 and 12 throughout the reference numeral 25 has two comb plates 26 which also act as end sheathing members and which are arranged at a mutual distance b (to this extent is the distance between their outer surfaces to understand). Incidentally, this dimension part b also appears at the opening 22 located between the end faces of the adjacent bottom insert plates 17 (see FIG. 7). The two comb plates 26 - which are pierced with for performing the tension wires (not shown) and the securing of their intended location holes 28 - are designated by the reference numeral 27 throughout. Detection element separated from each other, which is shown in a perspective view held on a larger scale in Fig. 13. The shape of the comb plates 26 corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the channels 52 of the template 1 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The comb plates 26 have a trapezoidal identification projection 29 projecting downwardly in the middle downwards, which fits into the reference number 22 in FIG designated opening into it. Near the upper edge of the comb plates 26 catch holes are provided on both sides, with the help of the comb plate can be raised and moved on.

The determination element 27 has seen in front view a trapezoidal head, which in the case of the embodiment of FIG. 11 a in the variant of FIG. 13, however, 2 contain fishing holes 32, with the aid of which the bestinimungselement 27 can be raised and moved on. The determination element 27 has at the top two gripping arms 33 projecting from the head 31 in two directions, incidentally falling in line and parallel to the plane of the comb plates 26, from the end of which downwardly projecting pins 34 protrude. To the two end faces of the head 31 of the plane at a distance downwardly directed clamping bracket 35 are connected, which rest from the outside on the upper edge of the comb plates 26 of the comb structure 25, as is clearly apparent from Fig. 12. From the head 31, two spacer ribs 36 protrude downwardly, on which the comb plates 26 rest from both sides. The comb structure 25 can be seen in Figs. 11 and 12 in assembled condition.

The construction 25 described above can be arranged arbitrarily in contrast to the currently known and used comb structures in the stencil shown in FIGS. 1-4, so that one with the comb structures readily to the different lengths of Floor inserts 17 can adapt.

In Fig. 14 and 15 - where by the way the previously described construction components have been designated with the reference numerals already used - is shown (also shown in Fig. 1) clamping side head chamber 2 and their success with a detachable connection to the template 1 in more detail. The head chamber 2 on both sides in the lateral direction protruding vertical flange 39, whereas the template 1 on its the Κορ'Kammer 2 zuliegenden end also in the lateral direction protruding vertical flange 38 has. The flanges 38 and 39 rest on each other and are releasably connected to each other by means of the fastening screws 40. An anchoring eyelet 42 is fastened to the template 1 on both sides at the bottom, through which the anchoring screw 37 is carried out. With the aid of these anchoring screws 37, the template and the head chamber can be fastened to the concrete foundation (not shown) located at the connection point.

In the head chamber 2 are on the template 1 zuliegenden side opposite the channels 52, the frontal opening final, formed in the form of a thick plate in their position vertical clamping heads 41 arranged in their position by L-profile having holding and guiding elements be held. The rear end of the head chamber 2 is closed by vertically arranged fenders 43, which are guided in the grooves 56 and tightened. The chamber 2 serves to accommodate known (not shown) clamping means.

The chuck 41 has been shown in greater detail in the larger scale Figs. 16-18. In Fig. 16 with crosses, in Fig. 17, however, with horizontal dotted lines, the through holes (holes) 44 designated for the implementation of the tension wires from the head chamber 2 in the template 1 and for holding the mentioned in the intended position dieen (the drawn in Fig. 16 vertical geometric center line y is the vertical median plane of the chuck 41 associated channel 52, the template 1). As can be seen from the Fig. 18 held on a larger scale, have the holes 44 on the end face 41 a of the clamping head 41 ausmündende larger diameter threaded nests 44 a, which by means of a threaded shaft 45 a and in this case provided with a hexagonal head 45 b closure elements 45 can provisionally close. This results in the possibility of temporarily closing the bores 44-for the duration of individual production operations-by which no tensioning wires are carried out in the course of the given production operation.

The railway sleepers are manufactured in the plant according to the invention in the following way: In the first step, according to the given production program, the bottom insert plates 17 are inserted between the bars 10, 11 and the inclined side plates 15a of the elastic insert 15, respectively, thus producing the production template I. After that, the superfluous bores of the clamping heads 41 are closed by means of the closing elements 45 (FIG. 18). In the next step, the tension wires are mounted in the following order: by means of the tension head 41 belonging to the tension-side head chamber 2, the tension wires are carried out; on the latter, the comb plates 26 of the comb structure 25 are raised; through the clamping head 41 belonging to the fixed head chamber 3, the tension wires are carried out and then the catching elements provided with wedges are placed on them.

Thereafter, the Vorteilung the comb plates 26, the bottom insert plates 17 follows accordingly in the manner by the determination approaches 29 of the comb plates 26 are inserted into each one shown in Fig. 7 opening. Of course, two comb plates 26 are always placed in an opening 22 and thereafter inserted between these comb plate pairs depending on a destination element 27 (Fig. 13). The next step is to mount the plastic inserts 53 (FIG. 10) and thereafter the stirrups, not shown, and arrange the latter. The guy wires are tensioned per wire, the Schutzverkieidungen the head chambers 2,3 are mounted, then concreting done and the determination elements 27 of the comb structures and the plastic insert fixing screws 54 of the bottom insert plates 17 removed.

In addition, the solidification of the concrete is made, which can be done in a Ewaporationskasten or in another way with the help of built-in the template heating tubes (arrangement of the same exist inside the hollow bars 10,11 favorable possibilities).

After hardening (solidification) of the concrete, the relaxation z. B. by separating the tension wires with an electric arc, hereafter demoulding using a hoist and a swingarm. Subsequently, the turning of the products is carried out on the turn block with a hoist and swingarm and finally with the help of z. B. an electric arc the whole product bundle separated accordingly and the comb plates 26 of the comb structures 25 dismantled. The protruding tension wire ends can z. B. be cut off with a plastic disc-equipped cutting saw. Subsequently, the products are delivered. After the template cleaning and the need-based replacement of the bottom insert plates 17, a next Ferttgungsarbeitsgang be initiated.

The beneficial effects associated with the invention can be summarized as follows: It is known that the introduction of a new family of products and the ramp-up of production can take years. If the means of production of experimental production are limited to the sources available for development, in many cases not even the commencement of development can be initiated.

The inventive system meets - primarily - the replaceable floor panels and the mobile comb constructions - the requirements of experimental production, small series production and mass production in the same way. In the same template, the shapes of the right and left side variants of the various railway turnouts can be made. The expansion of the product range can be solved with the help of low cost floor plates required. The manufacturing template, d. H. the manufacturing frame itself can be incorporated into any of the known and commonly used manufacturing systems. In the case of a production committee or other defective products, the reproduction can be carried out without any special disruption of production. (In other known manufacturing systems, a reproduction without more serious additional losses can practically not be made.) The template (the manufacturing frame) is designed so that, due to the elasticity of its side walls, a seizure of the product and consequently its damage can not occur.

In a 5-14 m long one to four-channel template, the thresholds of each switch system can be made. As the number of templates increases, manufacturing can increase manufacturing capacity to the desired level by increasing the number of templates. h. be adapted elastically to the increase in market demand. The thresholds of the right- and left-hand switches are mirror-symmetrical, so that both sides of the exchangeable floor panels can form a manufacturing area, which can mean further cost savings. (By the way, stenciling costs can be kept to a minimum level, unlike the technologies currently used.) In addition to being capable of producing any ore composition without unnecessary products, the plant is also suitable for manufacturing groupwise different load bearing products. Also, the production of products with low lateral tilt caused by no means problems. Of course, the invention is not limited to the above detailed embodiments of the plants, but can be realized in many ways within the scope defined by the claims. It should be emphasized that, although the installations have been described in connection with the production of chip bank sleepers, it is obvious that the invention is also suitable for the manufacture of other prestressed concrete products.

Claims (20)

1. Plant for the production of prefabricated prestressed concrete elements, in particular railway sleepers, wherein the system comprises a stencil attached to the support frame containing one or more mold channels; has clamping chambers connected to the ends of the template and comb structures serving to separate the channels in the transverse direction, characterized in that they provide interchangeable bottom insert plates (17) serving for the lower boundary of the channel or channels (52) of the template (1) and in the channel or channel in the channels (52) at the connection points of the adjacent floor insert plates (17) insertable and removable from there comb constructions (27) has. 2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the comb structure (25) of the cross-sectional shape of the channel (52) corresponding shapes having, for performing the tension wires serving holes or holes (28) open, provided with determination approach (29), comb plates (26) spaced apart from each other at a distance (b), further insertable between the comb plates (26) and having integral therewith determining elements (27); in the end faces of the mating bottom insert plates (17) comb nests (22 a) are provided, wherein the determination approaches (29) of the comb plates (26) of the individual comb structures (25) in each one through the adjacent comb nest (22 a) formed opening (20) (7, 11 and 12). 3. Plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the determining element (27) Fanglöcher (32) and / or other catch elements containing, in the installed position of the comb structure (25) on the upper edge of the comb plates (26) reaching out expediently in front view Trapezoidal - catch head (31) has, from the lower part between the comb plates (2) and in two directions in the transverse direction, vorteiihafterweise perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal geometric plane (y) of the channel (52) of the template (1) determining arms (33) protrude beyond the lateral edge of the comb plates (26) and protrude from the catching head (31) one or more spacer ribs (36) or downwards, which fits between the comb plates (26) or insert (Fig. 11 to 13) , 4. Plant according to claim 3, characterized in that in the region of the ends of the determination arms (33) downwardly projecting determination bolts (34) are arranged (Fig. 13). 5. Plant according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that at the two end faces of the catch head of the determination element (27) in the assembly of the comb structure (25) on the upper edge of the comb plates (26) resting Kammbügel (35) are arranged ( Fig. 11-13). 6. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the bottom insert plates (17) rest with their respective longitudinal edge on the - expediently in the longitudinal direction of the template (1) along-running supports (18) and by releasable connections, expediently by means of fastening screws (20) are secured to the transverse lower support plates (19) which are pressed against the lower surface of the supports (18) (Figures 4-6). 7. Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that between the lower support plates (19) and the bottom insert plates (17) spacer elements, expediently in the formed in the I3odeneinsatzplatten threaded holes (23) screwed fastening screws (20) surrounding spacer rings (21) are provided. (Fig.4und7-9). 8. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the bottom insert plates (17) for holding down the rail mounting screws serving threaded plastic inserts (53) provided - expediently interchangeable - threaded bushings (24) are installed (Fig.7 -10). 9. Plant according to claim 8, characterized in that the threaded bushes (24) in threaded holes (24 a) are screwed (Fig.9-10). 10. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the channels (52) of the template (1) delimiting at least one side wall - expediently from top to bottom and inwardly directed bevel plate (15 a) - elastically deformable Material expediently consists of sheet steel. 11. Plant according to claim 1 to 10, characterized in that the channels (52) of the template (1) by hollow rectangular profile having load-bearing beams (10,11) are limited, which-for example by means of a welded joint - to the by the side members (13) and the cross member (14) formed support frame (12) are attached (Fig. 3 and 4). 12. Plant according to claim 11, characterized in that the outer beams (10) from top to bottom and inwardly directed slope having inner walls (10 a), on the or the inside -advantageously rectangular cross-section having - beams (11), however, after is arranged below / twisted spread U-shaped cross section exhibiting insert / inserts (15) is / whose obliquely downward and inward in the full length of each bottom insert plate (17) along running leg the Kand or the channels (52) laterally limiting inclined plates (15a) are formed, which expediently extend under the interchangeable bottom insert plates (17) (Figures 3 and 4), 13. Plant according to claim 1 e, characterized in that between the outer surface of the intermediate beam or between the outer surface of the intermediate beams (11) and the rear surface of the oblique plates of the elastic insert elastic components (16) are arranged (Fig.3und4 ). 14. Plant for the production of prestressed concrete elements, in particular railway sleepers, which has one or more mold channels containing template and has connected to the ends of the template clamping head chambers, characterized in that the template 1 from each other by releasable connections connected template units (1 a-1 c ) and in the region of the connections to the base body (8) - advantageously with a detachable connection - is fixed, wherein the head chamber (2,3) to the two outer template units (1 a, 1 c) are also connected with detachable connections ( Figs. 1-3 and 14, 15). 15. Plant according to claim 14, characterized in that the adjacent template units (1 a-1 c) with the aid of at both ends of both ar; lateral direction protruding, advantageously vertical and perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal plane (y) of the channels (52) mutually juxtaposed connecting plates (46,47) and through this pushed through screws (50) are fastened together and that in the region of the adjoining of the template units Ia -Ic- advantageously below - in the lateral direction on both sides outward expediently horizontal fasteners z. B. mounting / anchoring / plates (48,49) are arranged, the template units (1 a-1 c) by means of anchoring screws (7) carried out by the aforementioned mounting plates (48) attached to anchoring elements (5), the anchoring elements (5), however, are anchored by means of basic screws (6) embedded in the base body (8) (FIGS. 2 and 3). 16. An installation according to claim 15, characterized in that the anchoring elements (5) via an upper plate (5a) of ditoem in a vertical distance parallel lower plate (5a) and over these plates interconnecting-conveniently from top to bottom and to the outside directed oblique side plate (5c), wherein the anchoring screws (7) to the upper plate (5a), the base screws (16), however, to the lower plate (5 b) are attached (Figs. 2 and 3). 17. Plant according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that between the mounting plates (48,49) and the anchoring elements (5) elastic inserts (4a) z. B. rubber blocks are provided (Fig. 3). 18. Plant according to one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the template unit by means of both sides outwardly projecting flanges (38,39) and fastening screws (40) to the head chambers (2,3) and connected to the lower part of the Template unit (1 a, 1 b, 1 c) and / or the head chamber (2,3) in the region of the connection on both sides outwardly anchoring lugs (42) are arranged through which the anchored in the body anchoring screws (37) are performed ( Figures 14 and 15). 19. Plant according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that in the head chambers (2, 3) for performing the tension wires serving bores (44) containing clamping heads (41) are provided, wherein the bores (44) in the on the an end face opening area by means of-removable and re-usable closure elements (45) are lockable formed (Fig. 16-18). 20. Plant according to claim 19, characterized in that the bores (44) on the end face (41 a) of the clamping head (41) opening a larger diameter threaded nests (44 a) are provided and the closure elements (45) in these threaded nests (44a) threaded threaded shaft (45a) and z. B. hexagonal head (45b) containing components are (Fig. 18). For this 7 pages drawings