EP0182212B1 - Shuttering for making constructions of pourable materials, e.g. concrete - Google Patents

Shuttering for making constructions of pourable materials, e.g. concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0182212B1
EP0182212B1 EP85114188A EP85114188A EP0182212B1 EP 0182212 B1 EP0182212 B1 EP 0182212B1 EP 85114188 A EP85114188 A EP 85114188A EP 85114188 A EP85114188 A EP 85114188A EP 0182212 B1 EP0182212 B1 EP 0182212B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shuttering
webs
formwork
panels
another
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85114188A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0182212A3 (en
EP0182212A2 (en
Inventor
Hugo Dipl.-Ing. Mathis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rund Stahl Bau GmbH
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Rund Stahl Bau GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0182212A2 publication Critical patent/EP0182212A2/en
Publication of EP0182212A3 publication Critical patent/EP0182212A3/en
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Publication of EP0182212B1 publication Critical patent/EP0182212B1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G9/00Forming or shuttering elements for general use
    • E04G9/02Forming boards or similar elements
    • E04G9/06Forming boards or similar elements the form surface being of metal
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • E04G11/062Forms for curved walls
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • E04G11/062Forms for curved walls
    • E04G11/065Forms for curved walls with mechanical means to modify the curvature
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/06Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
    • E04G11/08Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring
    • E04G11/12Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring of elements and beams which are mounted during erection of the shuttering to brace or couple the elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to formwork for the erection of structures made of castable materials, such as concrete, with possibly coated formwork panels made of elastically deformable material, for example steel plates, which can be bent in the elastic range for the production of curved structures and the formwork panels on the outside on opposite sides
  • formwork panels made of elastically deformable material, for example steel plates, which can be bent in the elastic range for the production of curved structures and the formwork panels on the outside on opposite sides
  • Such formwork is known.
  • rotationally symmetrical structures can be erected, but also structures with irregularly curved surfaces.
  • the forces that occur are absorbed by the concrete to be filled in by internal or external rings.
  • the external formwork this absorption of the forces can be carried out by the formwork skin itself, in particular by its own belts which are integrated in the formwork elements or by means of pulling devices which are in the form of a barrel post and are later applied.
  • the inner formwork is usually formed by pressure rings that can be polygonal or round or in the form of simple or spatial trusses.
  • carpentry-like formwork has conventionally been used conventionally with wood and double layers and with appropriate bindings.
  • the US-PS 2107427 is also to be mentioned, from which a metal formwork for the construction of concrete masonry is known, which has vertical, I-shaped uprights in cross-section, and rectangular formwork panels, which run horizontally on their back, one above the other at a distance have arranged stiffening ribs or webs. These stiffening ribs or stiffening webs protrude from the side edge of the formwork panels, they protrude from this edge, and the height of these stiffening ribs or stiffening webs is less than the inner height of the upright I-shaped cross-section.
  • the US-PS 1588229 should also be mentioned.
  • the formwork which is also made of metallic elements, has vertical uprights with a U-shaped cross-section, the side cheeks of which show narrow flanges projecting outwards.
  • the formwork panels which also have horizontal stiffening ribs or stiffening webs on the upper and lower edges, have a stiffened vertical edge which is produced by bending twice and which has a U-shape in cross section.
  • the ends of the horizontal stiffening webs are brought close to the stiffened edge of the formwork panels, which is formed by bending, but are spaced from it to form a gap, and in addition the edge of the horizontal web is pulled back somewhat obliquely towards the center of the plate, so that the rear side the formwork panel and the mentioned edge edges of the horizontal web limit an L-shaped gap in cross section.
  • this must either be done field by field in horizontal steps (erecting a post, threading the formwork panels laterally, threading the next post and so on), or the posts must be set up at appropriate intervals from each other and then the formwork panels must also be used here be threaded from above.
  • the formwork is then dismantled in the reverse order.
  • the invention now aims to develop the formwork so that it has a simple structure and both for structures with straight or curved walls can be used.
  • Successive formwork panels within the formwork which are connected to one another at their edges via the flange-like webs, should be able to be arranged in a horizontal or in a vertical row.
  • the flange-like webs have wedge-shaped incisions or undercuts at their upper and lower ends and that a boundary plane of the wedge-shaped, laterally open incision is formed by the outside of the formwork panel and the front edges of the webs opposite the edges of the Formwork panels are set back, and so limit the incisions or undercuts of the webs of adjacent formwork panels, at least in the viewing direction at right angles to the plane of the webs, undercut groove-like cutouts in which the carrier lies.
  • formwork panels have vertically extending stiffening webs or stiffening ribs on their rear side, so that the formwork panels can be laid bent around vertical axes.
  • adjacent formwork panels abut one another directly, namely with their vertical stiffening webs or stiffening ribs on the edge, the vertical stiffening webs or stiffening ribs or stiffening ribs of adjacent panels lying against one another being screwed or otherwise braced.
  • the horizontal upper and lower edges of these formwork panels are "open", with which these formwork panels can be suspended in horizontally lying and extending beams and support rings, through which, especially when the rings are circumferentially closed, the horizontal forces acting on the formwork when pouring the casting compound can be included without special additional support.
  • this formwork according to the invention also enables concreting to be continued step by step, i.e. After the concrete has been poured in, the lower formwork panels can be removed and put back on top of the formwork, so that one and the same formwork panel or one and the same formwork ring is gradually inserted into the formwork at regular intervals in the erection of a high masonry body and is removed from it, so that the total formwork effort is considerably reduced compared to conventional formwork methods and formwork equipment.
  • Fig. 1 shows a view of the outside of a formwork panel 1 of elongated shape.
  • This formwork panel is made of sheet steel that is flexible.
  • Four mutually parallel webs 2 in a vertical arrangement are attached to the outside of this panel 1, the respective outer webs 2 being flush with the vertical marginal edges 3 of the formwork panels 1.
  • This formwork panel 1 can be installed (Fig. 3 - top view). However, it can also be bent to different curvatures, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6 in plan view.
  • recesses 4 are provided as uniformly as possible over its height, and in which locking members are used when the panels 1 are assembled to formwork.
  • wedge-shaped incisions 5 are provided at the upper and lower ends of these webs 2, one boundary surface of these wedge-shaped incisions 5 being formed by the outside of the formwork panel 1.
  • the front edges 6 of the webs 2 are set back with respect to the horizontal edges 7 and 8.
  • the formwork panels preferably have a length of 3.14 m (n) or a multiple or an integral part, e.g. 1.57 m, 52 cm and the like.
  • the metal sheets are approximately 50 cm to 100 cm high and are flexible in one direction.
  • the second main element of the formwork to be discussed here is a beam that is subjected to tensile or compressive stress and is designed as a ring in the case of circular formwork.
  • FIG. 7 now shows the cross section through a formwork panel 1 described above. erected formwork for a rotunda.
  • a distance a which corresponds to the thickness of the wall to be erected
  • two rings made of U-shaped rails 10 and 11 are fastened with screws 12, the cheeks of the U-shaped rails 10 and 11 resting directly on the foundation plate 9 .
  • FIG. 22 in detail and on a larger scale than in FIG. 7.
  • a ring made of U-shaped profiles a ring made of an L-profile 13 can also be placed. This is illustrated in Fig. 23.
  • the formwork panels 1 are now individually attached to the upright flanges of the rings facing each other from the profile rails 10 and 11, the wedge-shaped incisions 5 mentioned taking up these flanges (see FIGS. 22 and 23).
  • These formwork panels 1, which are plugged on and follow one another in the horizontal direction, are connected to form a ring. This can be done with socket pins 14 and wedges 15, as shown in FIG. 18 in a top view.
  • the plug pin 14 has a conical free end shaft 17 and a widened head 16.
  • a slot 18 provided in the bolt shaft receives the clamping wedge 15 mentioned.
  • wedge shoes 19 can also be used, which are pushed and clamped onto appropriately designed wedge brackets 20 along the vertical edges 3 of the formwork panels 1.
  • the marginal edges 3 of the formwork panels 1 butt against one another.
  • FIG. 20 Another type of connection of the formwork panels 1 which follow one another in the horizontal direction is illustrated in FIG. 20.
  • the one vertical edge 3 of the formwork panel 1 is equipped with a plurality of welded-on bolts 21 over its length, each bolt having an elongated hole recess for receiving a clamping wedge 22.
  • the other edge 3 'of the formwork panel 1' adjoining in the horizontal direction has a series of holes 23 which are designed so that they can accommodate the bolts 21 mentioned.
  • the joint produced in this way between two successive formwork panels 1 and 1 '- successively in the horizontal direction - is stepped here in steps.
  • FIG. 21 in which equivalent parts are provided with the same reference numbers in comparison with FIG. 20.
  • the holes 23 of one row of holes are arranged in a separate baffle plate 24, which is welded to the edge of one formwork panel 1 'and which covers the actual joint, formed by the two edges 3 and 3' of the formwork panels 1 and 1 '.
  • Ring-shaped supports 25 and 26, as can be seen in FIG. 7, are now used on the rings made from the formwork panels 1 and 1 ', the outer ring support 26 being designed as a tension member and the inner ring support 25 as a pressure member.
  • the incisions 5 of the webs 2 described above receive the flanges of the beams facing the formwork in a form-fitting manner.
  • Formwork panels 1 are in turn lined up on the structures thus produced and connected and aligned with one another in the circumferential direction in the manner described above, this process is repeated until the formwork has reached the necessary height. It can be seen from Fig. 7 and in particular from Figs. 8 to 13 and 15 that the above-mentioned cuts of two superimposed webs 2 form an undercut groove which form-fit the formwork panel 1 facing and abutting flange of the respective circular ring beam .
  • the ring carriers 25 and 26 can be designed differently. However, they expediently consist of individual ring segments which are braced together. The cross sections of these beams can be very different.
  • Fig. 8 shows an I-shaped carrier, on the end faces and near the outer flange 27 sleeves 28 are welded, the axes of which are parallel to the axis of the profile.
  • the carrier is made from a strip steel 29 with a box profile 30 welded on the outside.
  • sleeves 28 are provided on the end face.
  • the flange 31 which bears directly against the formwork panel 1, has a shoulder-like projection 32 in the center, which, when properly installed, lies between the edges 7 and 8 of two panels which follow one another in the vertical direction.
  • two L-shaped rails 33 On the side of the flange 31 facing away from it, two L-shaped rails 33, spaced apart from one another, run with their free legs facing away from one another. These two L-shaped sections delimit a central space 34 into which spacers can be inserted, which are to be connected to the second formwork skin. This indicates the dashed line 35 here.
  • the carrier shown here in FIG. 10 and described above is designed as a rolled profile.
  • FIG. 11 A construction similar to the embodiment according to FIG. 8 is shown in FIG. 11, but here the incision 5 in the webs 2 is delimited by parallel edges.
  • the desired and necessary tension between the girder and the formwork panel is achieved here by the flange of the horizontally lying girder, which is wedge-shaped in cross section.
  • the support shown in FIG. 10 is designed as a rolled profile
  • the support according to FIG. 13, which has an equivalent cross section to the support according to FIG. 10 is welded together from individual profile rails.
  • FIG. 12 shows a beam made of a T-shaped rail. Beams of the type explained above serve mainly as tension elements, they are laid on the outside of an annular formwork.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 For lower loads, normal simple band steels 36 can also be used as tension elements, this is shown in FIGS. 14 and 15.
  • 36 sleeves 28 are welded to the end face of the steel strip, for receiving connecting and tensioning screws. The view of such a connection point can be seen in FIG. 14.
  • Fig. 15 is a section along the line C-C in Fig. 14.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a step-like incision in the webs 2 "of the formwork panels 1".
  • brackets are provided which, when properly assembled, grasp the carrier 37 between them in the manner of pliers. This is illustrated on a smaller scale compared to FIG. 16 in FIG.
  • the other segment 25 ' carries an eccentric 40 on the edge which can be pivoted about the fixed axis 41 by means of a hand lever 42 the undercut grooves formed by the paired arrangement of the incisions 5 of the webs 2 inserted and suspended support segments are braced against each other by the actuation of these eccentrics.
  • the individual support segments can be pre-bent, but it is also possible to use supports that can be adjusted to a desired curvature.
  • Such adjustable straps have become known in a variety of forms. 27 shows one of these shapes in plan view.
  • the ends of the carrier segment 25 "'are connected to tie rods 43, the mutually facing ends of these rods 43 are arranged on an actuator 44 whose length is adjustable. By changing the length of the actuator 44, the curvature of the segment 25"' can be adjusted.
  • Carrier segments that form a polygonal ring can also be used here. Another embodiment of a carrier is illustrated in FIGS. 28 to 30.
  • the carrier shown here in cross section in FIG. 30 is formed in two parts.
  • One part consists of a curved T-beam 45, the central web 46 of which has a row of holes 47 on the edge.
  • the second part is designed as a steel band 48, which on one of its two broad sides carries webs 49 arranged at right angles thereto, which lie in the central plane of this band 48.
  • 49 elongated holes 50 are incorporated into these webs.
  • This steel band 48 is easily bendable and can be used as a tension member.
  • the two parts are screwed together.
  • the formwork panels 1 lying one above the other are each arranged in such a way that the webs 2 are aligned in the vertical direction. This is not absolutely necessary for the invention.
  • the webs 2 of the formwork panels 1 which follow one another in the vertical direction can also be laterally offset from one another. In such a case, too, the horizontal ring carriers, whether they actually run circularly or polygonally, are held in a form-fitting manner.
  • a circular formwork e.g. B. an external formwork
  • the formwork panels described above are inserted into a leveling device attached to the foundation, as has been explained in connection with FIGS. 22 and 23.
  • formwork rings are formed that collide with each other.
  • the incisions in the webs create space for the horizontal beam.
  • this beam takes over tensile forces that arise when the concrete is poured into the formwork.
  • this beam also has the task of sealing the joint between two formwork panels one above the other.
  • the wedge shape of the incision or the wedge shape of the flange of the carrier aligns and fixes the individual panels. The assembly is continued by placing the ring on the belt etc. until the desired height is reached.
  • the inner formwork is constructed in the same way and continuously closed in accordance with the progress of the concreting.
  • the straps are designed as U-straps (FIGS. 10 and 13).
  • the inside or outside straps or belts must be adjusted to the required radius.
  • These carriers or belts can also be designed polygonal.
  • the carrier or belt can be designed such that they have gag eccentric or wedge or screw devices with which the desired pretensioning forces are to be applied.
  • This formwork can be used for concreting at any height during concreting. It is also possible, depending on the construction progress, to dismantle the formwork in the area in which the concrete has already set and to put the formwork elements thus obtained on the upper edge of the formwork.
  • either the inner formwork can be created first, then it is reinforced and then the outer formwork is continuously raised. This process can also be done in the opposite way by first installing the outer formwork. Due to the stabilizing effect of the straps or girders, only an inner or outer podium construction, as is already used in known formwork systems, is necessary for erecting the formwork. In this context, it should also be noted that such a work platform can also be supported against the inner belts.
  • the formwork constructed in this way has sufficient stability so that additional stiffening and stiffening is not necessary. Spacers can also be fitted into the formwork at any height.
  • the horizontal girders or belts are to be provided as tie girders or tie girdles in accordance with the intended curvature. Then, as with cylinder formwork, these are alternately built up with the flexible formwork elements. After the construction, the necessary bindings can be inserted.
  • the flexible formwork panels are preferably made from sheet steel. Other materials such as glass fiber reinforced plastics or glass fiber reinforced profile beams can also be used here. Plywood is also a useful material.
  • cross sections can be used for the horizontal belts and supports has been shown above using exemplary embodiments. It has also been shown that different profiles can be used on the outside and inside for these belts or carriers.
  • the flexible formwork has the advantage that both the horizontal girders or belts and the formwork panels are flexible in both directions, and can therefore be used for circularly symmetrical inner and circularly symmetrical outer formwork.
  • the elements are one. well structured, easy to keep clean and easy to clean.
  • the same also applies to the horizontal beams or belts, which are preferably connected to one another in such a way that they can be carried out continuously by a rounding or bending machine. The bending of these belts or beams can either be done on site or prepared in the workshop.
  • brackets can be hung on the rigid horizontal beams or belts, on which a podium can be built.
  • the formwork can also be used as self-climbing formwork. In this case, an approx. 2 m high section is formed, concreted and then moved from the lower level upwards, and then the next stage is formed again.
  • the formwork system described is in principle penetration-free.
  • wall sections of any height can be concreted without the drop height corresponding more than the height of the formwork panel.
  • FIGS. 32 and 33 A first exemplary embodiment of this is shown in FIGS. 32 and 33 in a side view and a top view.
  • the web 61 is welded onto the formwork panel 60.
  • This web has a blunt end edge 66 which is set back from the edge of the formwork panel 60.
  • this web 61 there is a rectangular recess 62, the longitudinal axis of which lies parallel to the longitudinal axis of the web and in which a wedge 63, which is designed like a fork and is longitudinally displaceable in this recess 62, is inserted.
  • the arrow 67 shows the direction of displacement for this wedge 63.
  • This wedge is displaceable over the length of the recess 62. Thanks to this construction, it is possible to line up formwork panels 60, then insert the carrier 64 and then produce the interlocking connection by moving the wedge 63, which then positively engages over the flange 65 of the carrier 64.
  • FIGS. 32 to 35 have the advantage that such formwork panels can be strung together, then the supports 64 are first put on and then the necessary tensioning is produced by moving or driving in the wedges 63 and 63 '.
  • FIG. 36 shows the top view of a formwork panel 1, corresponding to Fig. 3, but here the webs 2, which are formed from L-shaped profiles, are releasably attached by means of screws. These screws are indicated here by a dash-dotted line 69.
  • FIGS. 37 and 38 Another construction for the releasable fastening of the webs 2 is shown in FIGS. 37 and 38.
  • rows of bow-shaped eyelets 70 are arranged on the formwork panel 60 '.
  • the L-shaped profile rails, which serve as webs 2 have a plurality of openings arranged in a row on their one flange for receiving these eyelets 70.
  • Wedges 71 which can be driven in serve to firmly connect the two parts, namely the formwork panel 60 'and the web 2.
  • Fig. 39 shows a formwork element which has been constructed from trapezoidal formwork panels.
  • the individual panels 1-1 ' v have a trapezoidal shape, but the successive panels are of different sizes. In this way, trapezoidal or triangular formwork elements can be erected, which are also bendable in themselves, so that a partial surface of a cone shell can be formed with them.
  • FIG. 40 Another construction for the formation of trapezoidal or triangular formwork elements is shown in FIG. 40 in view.
  • formwork panels of the same size and rectangular shape are connected to one another, but the supports 25 'have wedge-shaped flanges 72.
  • Such a support is shown in an oblique view in FIG. 41. It is also possible to provide a flange 73 with parallel edges and a flange 74 with converging edges on a carrier 25 (FIG. 42).
  • formwork panels can be arranged within formwork elements so that their webs 2 or 61 are upright or lie, as has been illustrated, for example, in connection with the formwork elements according to FIGS. 39 and 40.

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Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Schalung zur Errichtung von Baukörpern aus gußfähigen Materialien, wie beispielsweise Beton, mit eventuell beschichteten Schalungstafeln aus elastisch verformbarem Material, beispielsweise Stahlplatten, die zur Fertigung von gekrümmt verlaufenden Baukörpern im elastischen Bereich biegbar sind und die Schalungstafeln außenseitig an einander gegenüberliegenden Rändern und vorzugsweise nahe denselben flänschartige Stege aufweisen, wobei im betriebsmäßigen Einsatz innerhalb einer Schalung unmittelbar aufeinanderfolgende Schalungstafeln an einander benachbarten, die flanschartigen Stege aufweisenden Rändern mit Verriegelungsgliedern miteinander verbunden sind und zur Abstützung der aufeinanderfolgenden Schalungstafeln außenseitig an den Schalungstafeln anliegende Träger als Zug- bzw. Druckglieder vorgesehen sind.The invention relates to formwork for the erection of structures made of castable materials, such as concrete, with possibly coated formwork panels made of elastically deformable material, for example steel plates, which can be bent in the elastic range for the production of curved structures and the formwork panels on the outside on opposite sides Have edges and preferably close to the same flange-like webs, in operational use within a formwork immediately successive formwork panels are connected to each other with adjacent edges, the flange-like webs with locking members and to support the successive formwork panels on the outside of the formwork beams as a train or Pressure elements are provided.

Solche Schalungen sind bekannt. Damit können u.a. rotationssymmetrische Baukörper errichtet werden, aber auch Baukörper mit unregelmäßig gekrümmten Flächen. Bei den rotationssymmetrischen Baukörpern bzw. dafür zu errichtenden Schalungen gibt es unterschiedliche Systeme, die mit bzw. ohne Durchdringungen arbeiten. Bei den Schalungen, die ohne Durchdringung arbeiten, werden die auftretenden Kräfte durch den einzufüllenden Beton durch innen- bzw. außenliegende Ringe aufgenommen. Diese Aufnahme der Kräfte kann bei den Außenschalungen durch die Schalhaut selbst übernommen werden, insbesondere durch eigene Gurte, die in die Schalelemente integriert sind oder durch faßdaubenförmige, später aufgebrachte Zugeinrichtungen. Die Innenschalung wird üblicherweise durch Druckringe, die polygonal oder rund verlaufen können oder in Form von einfachen oder räumlichen Fachwerken ausgebildet sind. Bei den nicht rotationssymmetrisch gekrümmten Formen sind bisher üblicherweise konventionell mit Holz und Aufdoppelungen sowie mit entsprechenden Durchbindungen zimmermannsmäßige Schalungen eingesetzt worden.Such formwork is known. Among other things, rotationally symmetrical structures can be erected, but also structures with irregularly curved surfaces. In the case of the rotationally symmetrical structures or the formwork to be erected for this purpose, there are different systems that work with or without penetrations. In the formwork that works without penetration, the forces that occur are absorbed by the concrete to be filled in by internal or external rings. In the external formwork, this absorption of the forces can be carried out by the formwork skin itself, in particular by its own belts which are integrated in the formwork elements or by means of pulling devices which are in the form of a barrel post and are later applied. The inner formwork is usually formed by pressure rings that can be polygonal or round or in the form of simple or spatial trusses. In the case of the non-rotationally symmetrically curved forms, carpentry-like formwork has conventionally been used conventionally with wood and double layers and with appropriate bindings.

In diesem Zusammenhang ist auch die US-PS 2107427 zu erwähnen, aus der eine Metallschalung für die Errichtung von Betonmauerwerk bekannt ist, die vertikale, im Querschnitt I-förmige Steher aufweist, und rechteckige Schalungstafeln, die an ihrer Rückseite horizontal verlaufende, übereinander mit Abstand angeordnete Versteifungsrippen oder -stege besitzen. Diese Versteifungsrippen oder Versteifungsstege überragen den seitlichen Rand der Schalungstafeln, sie kragen gegenüber diesem Rand aus, und die Höhe dieser Versteifungsrippen oder Versteifungsstege ist kleiner als die innere Höhe der im Querschnitt I-förmigen Steher. Vereinzelt sind zwischen den horizontalen Versteifungsrippen im Randbereich der Schalungstafeln Bolzen angeschweißt, die ebenfalls den Rand dieser Schalungstafeln um ein geringes Maß überragen. Weiterhin ist hier noch zu erwähnen, daß die äußere Länge der horizontal angeordneten Versteifungsrippen oder Versteifungsstege nur um ein geringes Maß kleiner ist als der horizontale Abstand der Stege der vertikal angeordneten, I-förmigen Steher. Wenn die Schalung mit diesen Elementen zu errichten ist, so werden vorerst die im Querschnitt I-förmigen Steher aufgestellt und fixiert und dann müssen von oben her die einzelnen Schalungstafeln eingefahren werden, weil von der Seite her diese Schalungstafeln nicht eingefügt werden können. Die von oben eingefahrenen Schalungstafeln liegen mit den seitlich auskragenden Bolzen von hinten am vorderen Flansch des im Querschnitt I-förmigen Stehers an, und die Schalungstafeln werden in ihrer Lage dadurch gehalten, daß von außen her Sperrbleche eingekeilt werden, die sich einerseits an der Rückseite des hinteren Flansches des Stehers abstützen und andererseits an der schmalen Kante der Versteifungsrippe. Ist die Schalung gefüllt und ist die Vergußmasse abgebunden, so müssen zur Demontage der Schalung wiederum die Schalungstafeln einzeln nach oben der Reihe nach ausgefahren werden. Um Hebezeuge an-und einsetzen zu können, besitzen daher diese horizontalen Versteifungsrippen nahe ihren äußeren Rändern Öffnungen, in welche ein Kranhaken oder Hebezeug eingefügt und eingesetzt werden kann.In this context, the US-PS 2107427 is also to be mentioned, from which a metal formwork for the construction of concrete masonry is known, which has vertical, I-shaped uprights in cross-section, and rectangular formwork panels, which run horizontally on their back, one above the other at a distance have arranged stiffening ribs or webs. These stiffening ribs or stiffening webs protrude from the side edge of the formwork panels, they protrude from this edge, and the height of these stiffening ribs or stiffening webs is less than the inner height of the upright I-shaped cross-section. In isolated cases, bolts are welded between the horizontal stiffening ribs in the edge area of the formwork panels, which also protrude by a small amount from the edge of these formwork panels. It should also be mentioned here that the outer length of the horizontally arranged stiffening ribs or stiffening webs is only slightly smaller than the horizontal distance between the webs of the vertically arranged, I-shaped uprights. If the formwork is to be erected with these elements, the uprights I-shaped in cross-section are first set up and fixed and then the individual formwork panels must be inserted from above, because these formwork panels cannot be inserted from the side. The formwork panels retracted from above rest with the laterally projecting bolts from the rear on the front flange of the cross-section I-shaped upright, and the formwork panels are held in their position by wedging outside from outside, which is on the one hand on the back of the Support the rear flange of the post and on the other hand on the narrow edge of the stiffening rib. If the formwork is filled and the sealing compound has set, the formwork panels must be extended one by one in order to dismantle the formwork. In order to be able to use and use hoists, these horizontal stiffening ribs have openings near their outer edges into which a crane hook or hoist can be inserted and used.

Auch die US-PS 1588229 ist noch zu erwähnen. Die ebenfalls aus metallischen Elementen bestehende Schalung besitzt vertikale Steher mit U-förmigem Querschnitt, deren seitliche Wangen nach außen kragende schmale Flansche zeigen. Die ebenfalls am oberen und unteren Rand horizontale Versteifungsrippen oder Versteifungsstege aufweisenden Schalungstafeln besitzen einen durch zweimaliges Umbiegen hergestellten, versteiften Vertikalrand, der im Querschnitt eine U-Form besitzt. Die Enden der horizontalen Versteifungsstege sind nahe an den durch Umbiegung gebildeten, versteiften Rand der Schalungstafeln herangeführt, jedoch von diesem unter Bildung eines Spaltes distanziert, und zusätzlich ist die Randkante des horizontalen Steges etwas schräg gegen die Mitte der Platte hin zurückgezogen, so daß die Rückseite der Schalungstafel und die erwähnten Randkanten des Horizontalsteges einen im Querschnitt L-förmigen Spalt begrenzen. Um diese Schalung aufzubauen, muß dies entweder feldweise in horizontal verlaufenden Schritten geschehen (Errichtung eines Stehers, seitliches Einfädeln der Schalungstafeln, Einfädeln des nächsten Stehers und so fort), oder aber die Steher werden in entsprechenden Abständen voneinander aufgestellt und dann müssen auch hier die Schalungstafeln von oben her eingefädelt werden. In entsprechend umgekehrter Reihenfolge wird dann die Schalung demontiert.The US-PS 1588229 should also be mentioned. The formwork, which is also made of metallic elements, has vertical uprights with a U-shaped cross-section, the side cheeks of which show narrow flanges projecting outwards. The formwork panels, which also have horizontal stiffening ribs or stiffening webs on the upper and lower edges, have a stiffened vertical edge which is produced by bending twice and which has a U-shape in cross section. The ends of the horizontal stiffening webs are brought close to the stiffened edge of the formwork panels, which is formed by bending, but are spaced from it to form a gap, and in addition the edge of the horizontal web is pulled back somewhat obliquely towards the center of the plate, so that the rear side the formwork panel and the mentioned edge edges of the horizontal web limit an L-shaped gap in cross section. To set up this formwork, this must either be done field by field in horizontal steps (erecting a post, threading the formwork panels laterally, threading the next post and so on), or the posts must be set up at appropriate intervals from each other and then the formwork panels must also be used here be threaded from above. The formwork is then dismantled in the reverse order.

Beide besprochenen und vorbekannten Schalungstypen und Schalungsformen sind unzweckmäßig und aufwendig und können im modernen Schalungsbau nicht rationell eingesetzt werden.Both of the previously known types of formwork and formwork are unsuitable and complex and cannot be used efficiently in modern formwork construction.

Die Erfindung zielt nun darauf ab, die Schalung so weiterzubilden, daß sie einen einfachen Aufbau hat und sowohl für Bauwerke mit geraden oder gekrümmten Wänden eingesetzt werden kann. Aufeinanderfolgende Schalungstafeln innerhalb der Schalung, die an ihren Rändern über die flanschartigen Stege miteinander verbunden sind, sollen dabei in einer horizontalen oder in einer vertikal verlaufenden Reihe angeordnet werden können. Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe gelingt dadurch, daß die flanschartigen Stege an ihren oberen bzw. unteren Enden keilförmige Einschnitte bzw. Hinterschneidungen aufweisen und die eine Begrenzungsebene des keilförmigen, seitlich offenen Einschnittes durch die Außenseite der Schalungstafel gebildet ist und die Stirnkanten der Stege gegenüber den Rändern der Schalungstafeln zurückversetzt sind, und so die Einschnitte bzw. Hinterschneidungen der Stege benachbarter Schalungstafeln zumindest in Blickrichtung rechtwinklig zur Ebene der Stege hinterschnittene, nutenartige Ausschnitte begrenzen, in welchen der Träger liegt.The invention now aims to develop the formwork so that it has a simple structure and both for structures with straight or curved walls can be used. Successive formwork panels within the formwork, which are connected to one another at their edges via the flange-like webs, should be able to be arranged in a horizontal or in a vertical row. This object is achieved in that the flange-like webs have wedge-shaped incisions or undercuts at their upper and lower ends and that a boundary plane of the wedge-shaped, laterally open incision is formed by the outside of the formwork panel and the front edges of the webs opposite the edges of the Formwork panels are set back, and so limit the incisions or undercuts of the webs of adjacent formwork panels, at least in the viewing direction at right angles to the plane of the webs, undercut groove-like cutouts in which the carrier lies.

Diese Schalungstafeln weisen an ihrer Rückseite vertikal verlaufende Versteifungsstege oder Versteifungsrippen auf, so daß die Schalungstafeln um vertikal stehende Achsen gebogen verlegt werden können. Innerhalb des Schalungsverbundes stoßen benachbarte Schalungstafeln unmittelbar aneinander, und zwar mit ihren randseitigen vertikalen Versteifungsstegen oder Versteifungsrippen, wobei dann die aneinander anliegenden und randseitigen vertikalen Versteifungsstege oder Versteifungsrippen benachbarter Platten miteinander verschraubt oder anderweitig verspannt werden. Die horizontalen oberen und unteren Ränder dieser Schalungstafeln sind «offen», mit welchen diese Schalungstafeln in horizontal liegende und verlaufende Träger und Tragringe einhängbar sind, durch welche, insbesondere wenn es sich um umfangsgeschlossene Ringe handelt, die auf die Schalung einwirkenden Horizontalkräfte beim Einfüllen der Gußmasse aufgenommen werden, ohne daß es besonderer zusätzlicher Abstützung bedarf. Vor allem aber ermöglicht diese erfindungsgemäße Schalung auch ein schrittweise fortzusetzendes Betonieren, d.h. nach dem Einbringen des Betons können die unteren Schalungstafeln entfernt und oben an der Schalung wieder aufgesetzt werden, so daß ein-und dieselbe Schalungstafel bzw. ein- und derselbe Schalungsring bei der Errichtung eines hohen Mauerwerkkörpers schrittweise in periodischen Abständen immer wieder in die Schalung eingefügt und aus ihr entfernt wird, so daß der Schalungsaufwand in der Summe gesehen gegenüber herkömmlichen Schalungsmethoden und Schalungseinrichtungen doch erheblich reduziert ist.These formwork panels have vertically extending stiffening webs or stiffening ribs on their rear side, so that the formwork panels can be laid bent around vertical axes. Within the formwork assembly, adjacent formwork panels abut one another directly, namely with their vertical stiffening webs or stiffening ribs on the edge, the vertical stiffening webs or stiffening ribs or stiffening ribs of adjacent panels lying against one another being screwed or otherwise braced. The horizontal upper and lower edges of these formwork panels are "open", with which these formwork panels can be suspended in horizontally lying and extending beams and support rings, through which, especially when the rings are circumferentially closed, the horizontal forces acting on the formwork when pouring the casting compound can be included without special additional support. Above all, however, this formwork according to the invention also enables concreting to be continued step by step, i.e. After the concrete has been poured in, the lower formwork panels can be removed and put back on top of the formwork, so that one and the same formwork panel or one and the same formwork ring is gradually inserted into the formwork at regular intervals in the erection of a high masonry body and is removed from it, so that the total formwork effort is considerably reduced compared to conventional formwork methods and formwork equipment.

Um die Erfindung und ihre Einsatzmöglichkeit zu veranschaulichen, wird diese anhand der Zeichnung an verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben, wobei auf die Vorteile der im folgenden zu erläuternden konstruktiven Maßnahmen im einzelnen noch eingegangen werden wird. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 die Ansicht einer Schaltafel und
  • Fig. 2 ihre Seitenansicht;
  • Fig. 3, 4, 5 und 6 die Draufsicht auf die Schalungstafeln nach Fig. 1, wobei hier verschiedene Krümmungsformen gezeigt sind;
  • Fig. 7 einen Schnitt durch eine aufgerichtete Schalung für.einen Rundbau;
  • Fig. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 und 13 die Stirnansichten unterschiedlich gestalteter, als Zugglied dienender Träger;
  • Fig. 14 die Ansicht eines Zuggliedes in der Ausgestaltung des Trägers nach Fig. 15 in Form eines Bandstahles;
  • Fig. 15 die Ansicht eines als Zugglied ausgebildeten Bandes;
  • Fig. 16 im Schnitt einen als Kastenträger ausgebildeten Träger, und
  • Fig. 17 dessen Ansicht in einem gegenüber Fig. 16 verkleinerten Maßstab;
  • Fig. 18 und 19 Verriegelungsglieder in Draufsicht für in horizontaler Richtung aufeinanderfolgender Schalungstafeln;
  • Fig. 20 und 21 Schritte durch Verbindungsstellen von in horizontaler Richtung aufeinanderfolgender Schalungstafeln;
  • Fig. 22 und 23 die Befestigung der Schalungstafeln bzw. ihre Anordnung gegenüber einer Fundamentplatte;
  • Fig. 24 die Verbindungsstelle von als Druckglieder dienenden Horizontalträgern in Ansicht;
  • Fig. 25 ein Detail aus Fig. 24;
  • Fig. 26 die Draufsicht auf die Darstellung nach Fig. 24;
  • Fig. 27 einen gekrümmten Träger in Draufsicht;
  • Fig. 28 einen gebogenen Träger in Draufsicht, der mehrteilig ausgebildet ist;
  • Fig. 29 den einen Teil des gebogenen Trägers nach Fig. 28 in Draufsicht;
  • Fig. 30 einen Schnitt nach der Linie A-A in Fig. 28;
  • Fig. 31 einen Schnitt nach der Linie B-B in Fig. 29;
  • Fig. 32 bis 35 Varianten für die Hinterschneidungen bzw. Einschnitte in den flanschartigen Stegen, . und zwar jeweils eine Seitenansicht (Fig. 32 und
  • Fig. 34) und je eine Draufsicht (Fig. 33 und Fig. 35), wobei in beiden Fällen zur Herstellung dieser Hinterschneidungen bzw. Einschnitte verschiebbare und lösbare Keile an den Stegen vorgesehen sind;
  • Fig. 36 eine Schalungstafel in Seitensicht entsprechend der Fig. 3, wobei hier jedoch die Stege lösbar an der Tafel befestigt sind;
  • Fig. 37 und 38 Varianten zum Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 36, wobei hier als Verbindungselemente zwischen Schalungstafel und Steg Ösen und Keile vorgesehen sind;
  • Fig. 39 ein trapezförmiges Schalungselement, bestehend aus Trägern und Schalungstafeln, wobei letztere eine trapezförmige Umrißkontur besitzen und die Stege innerhalb des Schalungselementes waagrecht liegen;
  • Fig. 40 ebenfalls in Draufsicht ein trapezförmiges Schalungselement, wobei hier jedoch die Schalungstafeln eine rechteckige Form zeigen, hingegen sind die Träger mit trapezförmig ausgestalteten Flanschen bestückt (Ansicht);
  • Fig. 41 und 42 Träger in Schrägsicht mit zum Teil trapezförmig bzw. keilförmig verlaufenden Flanschen für die Herstellung eines Schalungselementes, wie es in Ansicht die Fig. 40 zeigt.
In order to illustrate the invention and its possible application, it will be described with the aid of various exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing, the advantages of the constructive measures to be explained in the following being discussed in detail. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 is the view of a panel and
  • Fig. 2 is a side view;
  • 3, 4, 5 and 6 are top views of the formwork panels according to FIG. 1, different forms of curvature being shown here;
  • 7 shows a section through an erected formwork for a rotunda;
  • 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 show the end views of differently designed carriers serving as tension members;
  • FIG. 14 shows the view of a tension member in the configuration of the carrier according to FIG. 15 in the form of a band steel;
  • 15 shows the view of a band designed as a tension member;
  • Fig. 16 in section a carrier designed as a box girder, and
  • FIG. 17 shows its view on a reduced scale compared to FIG. 16;
  • Figures 18 and 19 locking members in plan view for formwork panels successive in the horizontal direction.
  • 20 and 21 steps by connecting joints of formwork panels which follow one another in the horizontal direction;
  • 22 and 23 the fastening of the formwork panels or their arrangement relative to a foundation plate;
  • 24 shows the connection point of horizontal beams serving as pressure elements in view;
  • FIG. 25 shows a detail from FIG. 24;
  • FIG. 26 shows the top view of the illustration according to FIG. 24;
  • 27 shows a curved carrier in plan view;
  • 28 shows a curved carrier in plan view, which is formed in several parts;
  • 29 shows a part of the curved carrier according to FIG. 28 in a top view;
  • 30 shows a section along the line AA in FIG. 28;
  • 31 shows a section along the line BB in FIG. 29;
  • 32 to 35 variants for the undercuts or incisions in the flange-like webs. a side view (Fig. 32 and
  • Fig. 34) and a plan view (Fig. 33 and Fig. 35), wherein in both cases movable and releasable wedges are provided on the webs for producing these undercuts or incisions;
  • 36 shows a formwork panel in a side view corresponding to FIG. 3, but here the webs are detachably attached to the panel;
  • 37 and 38 variants of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 36, eyelets and wedges being provided here as connecting elements between the formwork panel and the web;
  • 39 shows a trapezoidal formwork element consisting of beams and formwork panels, the latter having a trapezoidal contour and the webs lying horizontally within the formwork element;
  • 40 likewise a top view of a trapezoidal formwork element, but here the formwork panels have a rectangular shape, whereas the beams are equipped with trapezoidal flanges (view);
  • 41 and 42 beams in oblique view with partially trapezoidal or wedge-shaped flanges for the production of a formwork element, as shown in FIG. 40.

Fig. 1 zeigt in Ansicht die Außenseite einer Schalungstafel 1 von langgestreckter Form. Diese Schalungstafel besteht hier aus Stahlblech, das biegsam ist. Vier zueinander parallele Stege 2 in vertikaler Anordnung sind an der Außenseite dieser Tafel 1 befestigt, wobei die jeweils äußeren Stege 2 bündig mit den vertikalen Randkanten 3 der Schalungstafeln 1 liegen. Diese Schalungstafel 1 kann eben verlegt werden (Fig. 3 - Draufsicht). Sie kann jedoch auch zu unterschiedlichen Krümmungen gebogen werden, wie dies in Draufsicht die Fig. 3 bis 6 darstellen. In den Stegen 2 sind über dessen Höhe möglichst gleichmäßig verteilt Aussparungen 4 vorgesehen, an und in welchen Verriegelungsglieder eingesetzt werden, wenn die Tafeln 1 zu einer Schalung zusammengebaut werden. An den oberen und unteren Enden dieser Stege 2 sind in dem hier gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel keilförmige Einschnitte 5 vorgesehen, wobei die eine Begrenzungsfläche dieser keilförmigen Einschnitte 5 durch die Außenseite der Schalungstafel 1 gebildet wird. Die Stirnkanten 6 der Stege 2 sind gegenüber den horizontalen Rändern 7 und 8 zurückversetzt. Die Schalungstafeln besitzen vorzugsweise eine Länge von 3,14 m (n) oder einem vielfachen oder einem ganzzahligen Teil, z.B. 1,57 m, 52 cm und dgl. Die Blechtafeln sind ca. 50 cm bis 100 cm hoch und sind in einer Richtung biegsam.Fig. 1 shows a view of the outside of a formwork panel 1 of elongated shape. This formwork panel is made of sheet steel that is flexible. Four mutually parallel webs 2 in a vertical arrangement are attached to the outside of this panel 1, the respective outer webs 2 being flush with the vertical marginal edges 3 of the formwork panels 1. This formwork panel 1 can be installed (Fig. 3 - top view). However, it can also be bent to different curvatures, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6 in plan view. In the webs 2 recesses 4 are provided as uniformly as possible over its height, and in which locking members are used when the panels 1 are assembled to formwork. In the exemplary embodiment shown here, wedge-shaped incisions 5 are provided at the upper and lower ends of these webs 2, one boundary surface of these wedge-shaped incisions 5 being formed by the outside of the formwork panel 1. The front edges 6 of the webs 2 are set back with respect to the horizontal edges 7 and 8. The formwork panels preferably have a length of 3.14 m (n) or a multiple or an integral part, e.g. 1.57 m, 52 cm and the like. The metal sheets are approximately 50 cm to 100 cm high and are flexible in one direction.

Das zweite Hauptelement der hier zu besprechenden Schalung ist ein auf Zug oder Druck beanspruchter Träger, der bei Rundschalungen als Ring ausgebildet ist.The second main element of the formwork to be discussed here is a beam that is subjected to tensile or compressive stress and is designed as a ring in the case of circular formwork.

Fig. 7 zeigt nun den Querschnitt durch eine mit den vorstehend beschriebenen Schalungstafeln 1 . errichtete Schalung für einen Rundbau. Auf einer Fundamentplatte 9 sind im Abstand a, der der Stärke der zu errichtenden Mauer entspricht, zwei Ringe aus U-förmigen Profilschienen 10 und 11 mit Schrauben 12 befestigt, wobei die Wangen der U-förmigen Profilschienen 10 und 11 auf der Fundamentplatte 9 direkt aufliegen. Im Detail und in einem gegenüber Fig. 7 vergrößerten Maßstab ist dies in der Fig. 22 dargestellt. Anstelle eines Ringes aus U-förmigen Profilen kann auch ein Ring aus einem L-Profil 13 aufgelegt werden. Dies veranschaulicht Fig. 23.7 now shows the cross section through a formwork panel 1 described above. erected formwork for a rotunda. On a foundation plate 9 at a distance a, which corresponds to the thickness of the wall to be erected, two rings made of U-shaped rails 10 and 11 are fastened with screws 12, the cheeks of the U-shaped rails 10 and 11 resting directly on the foundation plate 9 . This is shown in FIG. 22 in detail and on a larger scale than in FIG. 7. Instead of a ring made of U-shaped profiles, a ring made of an L-profile 13 can also be placed. This is illustrated in Fig. 23.

Auf die einander zugewandten aufrechten Flansche der Ringe aus den Profilschienen 10 und 11 werden nun einzeln die Schalungstafeln 1 aufgesteckt, wobei die erwähnten keilförmigen Einschnitte 5 diese Flansche aufnehmen (siehe Fig. 22 bzw. 23). Diese aufgesteckten und in horizontaler Richtung unmittelbar aufeinanderfolgenden Schalungstafeln 1 werden zu einem Ring verbunden. Dies kann mit Steckbolzen 14 und Keilen 15 geschehen, wie dies Fig. 18 in Draufsicht veranschaulicht. Der Steckbolzen 14 besitzt einen konischen freien Endschaft 17 und einen verbreiterten Kopf 16. Ein im Bolzenschaft vorgesehener Schlitz 18 nimmt den erwähnten Spannkeil 15 auf. Anstelle eines solchen Steckbolzens können auch Keilschuhe 19 (siehe Fig. 19) verwendet werden, die auf entsprechend ausgebildete Keillaschen 20 entlang der vertikalen Ränder 3 der Schalungstafeln 1 aufgeschoben und aufgespannt werden. Bei den beiden in den Fig. 18 und 19 gezeigten Ausführungsformen stoßen die Randkanten 3 der Schalungstafeln 1 stumpf aneinnder.The formwork panels 1 are now individually attached to the upright flanges of the rings facing each other from the profile rails 10 and 11, the wedge-shaped incisions 5 mentioned taking up these flanges (see FIGS. 22 and 23). These formwork panels 1, which are plugged on and follow one another in the horizontal direction, are connected to form a ring. This can be done with socket pins 14 and wedges 15, as shown in FIG. 18 in a top view. The plug pin 14 has a conical free end shaft 17 and a widened head 16. A slot 18 provided in the bolt shaft receives the clamping wedge 15 mentioned. Instead of such a plug pin, wedge shoes 19 (see FIG. 19) can also be used, which are pushed and clamped onto appropriately designed wedge brackets 20 along the vertical edges 3 of the formwork panels 1. In the two embodiments shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, the marginal edges 3 of the formwork panels 1 butt against one another.

Eine andere Verbindungsart der in horizontaler Richtung aufeinanderfolgenden Schalungstafeln 1 veranschaulicht Fig. 20. Hier ist der eine vertikale Rand 3 der Schalungstafel 1 über seine Länge mit mehreren angeschweißten Bolzen 21 bestückt, jeder Bolzen hat eine Langlochaussparung zur Aufnahme eines Spannkeiles 22. Der andere Rand 3' der in horizontaler Richtung anschließenden Schalungstafel 1' besitzt eine Reihe von Löchern 23, die so ausgebildet sind, daß sie die erwähnten Bolzen 21 aufnehmen können. Der so gefertigte Stoß zweier aufeinanderfolgender Schalungstafein 1 und 1' - in horizontaler Richtung aufeinanderfolgend - ist hier stufenförmig abgesetzt.Another type of connection of the formwork panels 1 which follow one another in the horizontal direction is illustrated in FIG. 20. Here, the one vertical edge 3 of the formwork panel 1 is equipped with a plurality of welded-on bolts 21 over its length, each bolt having an elongated hole recess for receiving a clamping wedge 22. The other edge 3 'of the formwork panel 1' adjoining in the horizontal direction has a series of holes 23 which are designed so that they can accommodate the bolts 21 mentioned. The joint produced in this way between two successive formwork panels 1 and 1 '- successively in the horizontal direction - is stepped here in steps.

Falls ein solcher stufenförmiger Absatz an der Stoßstelle zweier in horizontaler Richtung aufeinanderfolgender Schalungstafeln 1 und 1' nicht als zweckmäßig oder gar störend erachtet werden sollte, kann eine solche Verbindung auch ohne einen solchen Absatz gestaltet werden. Dies veranschaulicht Fig. 21, in der gleichwertige Teile in Vergleich mit Fig. 20 mit denselben Hinweisziffern versehen sind. Hier sind die Löcher 23 der einen Lochreihe in einem eigenen Stoßblech 24 angeordnet, das randseitig an der einen Schalungstafel 1' angeschweißt ist und das die eigentliche Stoßstelle, gebildet durch die beiden Ränder 3 und 3' der Schalungstafeln 1 und 1' überdeckt.If such a step-like shoulder at the joint of two formwork panels 1 and 1 'which follow one another in the horizontal direction should not be regarded as expedient or even disruptive, such a connection can also be designed without such a shoulder. This is illustrated in FIG. 21, in which equivalent parts are provided with the same reference numbers in comparison with FIG. 20. Here, the holes 23 of one row of holes are arranged in a separate baffle plate 24, which is welded to the edge of one formwork panel 1 'and which covers the actual joint, formed by the two edges 3 and 3' of the formwork panels 1 and 1 '.

Auf die so gefertigten Ringe aus den Schalungstafeln 1 bzw. 1' werden nun ringförmige Träger 25 und 26, wie aus der Fig. 7 ersichtlich, eingesetzt, wobei der äußere Ringträger 26 als Zugglied, der innere Ringträger 25 als Druckglied ausgebildet ist. Die oben geschilderten Einschnitte 5 der Stege 2 nehmen die der Schalung zugewandten Flansche der Träger formschlüssig auf. Auf die so gefertigten Gebilde werden nun wiederum Schalungstafeln 1 aufgereiht und in der oben beschriebenen Weise in Umfangsrichtung miteinander verbunden und ausgerichtet, dieser Vorgang wiederholt sich so lange bis die Schalung die notwendige Höhe erreicht hat. Es ist aus Fig. 7 sowie insbesondere aus den Fig. 8 bis 13 und 15 ersichtlich, daß die erwähnten Einschnitte zweier übereinanderliegender Stege 2 eine hinterschnittene Nut bilden, die den der Schalungstafel 1 zugewandten und an ihr anliegenden Flansch des jeweils umlaufenden ringförmigen Trägers formschlüssig fassen.Ring-shaped supports 25 and 26, as can be seen in FIG. 7, are now used on the rings made from the formwork panels 1 and 1 ', the outer ring support 26 being designed as a tension member and the inner ring support 25 as a pressure member. The incisions 5 of the webs 2 described above receive the flanges of the beams facing the formwork in a form-fitting manner. Formwork panels 1 are in turn lined up on the structures thus produced and connected and aligned with one another in the circumferential direction in the manner described above, this process is repeated until the formwork has reached the necessary height. It can be seen from Fig. 7 and in particular from Figs. 8 to 13 and 15 that the above-mentioned cuts of two superimposed webs 2 form an undercut groove which form-fit the formwork panel 1 facing and abutting flange of the respective circular ring beam .

Die Ringträger 25 bzw. 26 können unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein. Zweckmäßigerweise bestehen sie jedoch aus einzelnen Ringsegmenten, die miteinander verspannt werden. Die Querschnitte dieser Träger können sehr unterschiedlich sein. Fig. 8 zeigt einen I-förmigen Träger, an dessen Stirnseiten und nahe dem Außenflansch 27 Hülsen 28 angeschweißt sind, deren Achsen parallel zur Achse des Profils verlaufen. Nach Fig. 9 ist der Träger aus einem Bandstahl 29 gefertigt mit einem außenseitig angeschweißten Kastenprofil 30. Auch hier sind stirnseitig Hülsen 28 vorgesehen.The ring carriers 25 and 26 can be designed differently. However, they expediently consist of individual ring segments which are braced together. The cross sections of these beams can be very different. Fig. 8 shows an I-shaped carrier, on the end faces and near the outer flange 27 sleeves 28 are welded, the axes of which are parallel to the axis of the profile. According to FIG. 9, the carrier is made from a strip steel 29 with a box profile 30 welded on the outside. Here, too, sleeves 28 are provided on the end face.

Der Träger nach Fig. 10 weist einen etwas aufwendigeren Aufbau auf. Der Flansch 31, der unmittelbar an der Schalungstafel 1 anliegt, besitzt mittig einen absatzartigen Vorsprung 32, der bei funktionsgerechtem Einbau zwischen den Rändern 7 und 8 zweier in vertikaler Richtung aufeinanderfolgender Tafeln liegt. An der davon abgewandten Seite des Flansches 31 verlaufen zwei voneinander distanzierte L-Profilschienen 33, deren freie Schenkel voneinander abgewandt sind. Diese beiden L-förmigen Abschnitte begrenzen einen zentralen Zwischenraum 34, in welchem Abstandshalter eingeschoben werden können, die mit der zweiten Schalungshaut zu verbinden sind. Dies deutet hier die strichlierte Linie 35 an. Der hier in Fig. 10 dargestellte und vorstehend beschriebene Träger ist als Walzprofil ausgebildet.10 has a somewhat more complex structure. The flange 31, which bears directly against the formwork panel 1, has a shoulder-like projection 32 in the center, which, when properly installed, lies between the edges 7 and 8 of two panels which follow one another in the vertical direction. On the side of the flange 31 facing away from it, two L-shaped rails 33, spaced apart from one another, run with their free legs facing away from one another. These two L-shaped sections delimit a central space 34 into which spacers can be inserted, which are to be connected to the second formwork skin. This indicates the dashed line 35 here. The carrier shown here in FIG. 10 and described above is designed as a rolled profile.

Eine mit der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 8 ähnliche Konstruktion zeigt Fig. 11, wobei jedoch hier der Einschnitt 5 in den Stegen 2 von parallelen Kanten begrenzt wird. Die gewünschte und notwendige Verspannung zwischen Träger und Schalungsplatte wird hier durch den im Querschnitt keilförmigen Flansch des horizontal liegenden Trägers erzielt.A construction similar to the embodiment according to FIG. 8 is shown in FIG. 11, but here the incision 5 in the webs 2 is delimited by parallel edges. The desired and necessary tension between the girder and the formwork panel is achieved here by the flange of the horizontally lying girder, which is wedge-shaped in cross section.

Ist der aus Fig. 10 ersichtliche Träger als Walzprofil ausgebildet, so ist der Träger nach Fig. 13, der zum Träger nach Fig. 10 einen äquivalenten Querschnitt aufweist, aus einzelnen Profilschienen zusammengeschweißt.If the support shown in FIG. 10 is designed as a rolled profile, the support according to FIG. 13, which has an equivalent cross section to the support according to FIG. 10, is welded together from individual profile rails.

Einen Träger aus einer T-Profilschiene veranschaulicht Fig. 12. Träger der hier vorstehend erläuterten Art dienen hauptsächlich als Zugelemente, sie werden auf der Außenseite einer ringförmigen Schalung verlegt.FIG. 12 shows a beam made of a T-shaped rail. Beams of the type explained above serve mainly as tension elements, they are laid on the outside of an annular formwork.

Bei geringeren Beanspruchungen können als Zugelemente auch normale einfache Bandstähle 36 verwendet werden, dies ist in den Fig. 14 und 15 dargestellt. Auch hier sind an der Stirnseite des Bandstahles 36 Hülsen 28 angeschweißt, zur Aufnahme von Verbindungs- und Spannschrauben. Die Ansicht einer solchen Verbindungsstelle ist aus Fig. 14 entnehmbar. Fig. 15 ist ein Schnitt nach der Linie C-C in Fig. 14.For lower loads, normal simple band steels 36 can also be used as tension elements, this is shown in FIGS. 14 and 15. Here, too, 36 sleeves 28 are welded to the end face of the steel strip, for receiving connecting and tensioning screws. The view of such a connection point can be seen in FIG. 14. Fig. 15 is a section along the line C-C in Fig. 14.

Zeigen die vorstehend beschriebenen Figuren Stege mit Einschnitten, die bei paarweiser Anordnung eine hinterschnittene Nut begrenzen, die formschlüssig die Flansche der horizontal umlaufenden Träger aufnehmen, wobei diese Einschnitte 5 keilförmig ausgestaltet sein können, oder aber auch von zueinander parallelen Kanten begrenzt sein können (Fig. 11), so veranschaulicht Fig. 16 einen stufenförmigen Einschnitt bei den Stegen 2" der Schalungstafeln 1". Bei paarweiser Anordnung dieser Stege 2" bilden diese stufenartigen Einschnitte eine offene Nut. In diese Nut ist ein aus einzelnen Längssegmenten zusammengesetzter kastenartiger Träger 37 eingefügt, zu dessen Fixierung an den Stegen 2" schwenkbar gelagerte Exzenterbügel 38 angelenkt sind. Nach dem Einsetzen des Trägers werden die Bügel 38 verschwenkt und halten so unter Vorspannung den Träger fest. Zweckmäßigerweise sind sowohl oben wie auch unten an den Stegen 2" solche Bügel vorgesehen, die bei ordnungsgemäßer Montage den Träger 37 zwischen sich zangenartig fassen. Dies veranschaulicht in einem gegenüber Fig. 16 verkleinerten Maßstab die Fig. 17 in Ansicht.The figures described above show webs with incisions which, when arranged in pairs, delimit an undercut groove which positively accommodate the flanges of the horizontally circumferential supports, these incisions 5 being able to be wedge-shaped, or else being delimited by mutually parallel edges (FIG. 11), so FIG. 16 illustrates a step-like incision in the webs 2 "of the formwork panels 1". When these webs 2 "are arranged in pairs, these step-like incisions form an open groove. A box-like support 37 composed of individual longitudinal segments is inserted into this groove, and eccentric brackets 38 which are pivotably mounted on the webs 2" are articulated to fix them. After inserting the carrier, the brackets 38 are pivoted and hold the carrier firmly under pretension. Appropriately, both at the top and at the bottom of the webs 2 ″, such brackets are provided which, when properly assembled, grasp the carrier 37 between them in the manner of pliers. This is illustrated on a smaller scale compared to FIG. 16 in FIG.

Wurden vorstehende Profilträger bzw. Trägersegmente beschrieben, die miteinander verschraubbar sind, so ist zu vermerken, daß eine solche Verschraubung bei Zuggliedern notwendig ist. Werden jedoch die Träger bzw. Trägersegmente als Druckglieder eingesetzt und eingefügt, so ist eine solche Verschraubung nicht notwendig. Ein Beispiel für ein solches Druckglied veranschaulicht in Draufsicht und Ansicht die Fig. 24, 25 und 26. Der als Druckglied dienende Träger 25 ist als T-Profil ausgebildet und aus einzelnen bogenförmigen Segmenten 25' und 25" gebildet. Endseitig besitzt das eine Segment 25" eine Druckplatte 39, die rechtwinklig zur Achse des Trägersegmentes 25" steht und mit diesem fest verbunden, beispielsweise verschweißt ist. Das andere Segment 25' trägt randseitig einen Exzenter 40, der um die ortsfeste Achse 41 mittels eines Handhebels 42 verschwenkbar ist. Die in die durch die paarweise Anordnung der Einschnitte 5 der Stege 2 gebildeten hinterschnittenen Nuten eingesetzten und eingehängten Trägersegmente werden durch die Betätigung dieser Exzenter gegeneinander verspannt.If the above profile beams or beam segments have been described that can be screwed together, it should be noted that such a screw connection is necessary for tension members. However, if the supports or support segments are inserted and inserted as pressure members, such a screw connection is not necessary. 24, 25 and 26 illustrate an example of such a pressure member in plan view and view. The carrier 25 serving as the pressure member is designed as a T-profile and is formed from individual arcuate segments 25 'and 25 " "a pressure plate 39 which is perpendicular to the axis of the carrier segment 25" and is firmly connected to it, for example welded. The other segment 25 'carries an eccentric 40 on the edge which can be pivoted about the fixed axis 41 by means of a hand lever 42 the undercut grooves formed by the paired arrangement of the incisions 5 of the webs 2 inserted and suspended support segments are braced against each other by the actuation of these eccentrics.

Als Träger oder Trägersegmente dienen alle geeigneten Elemente, die ein entsprechendes Band besitzen, das von den erwähnten Einschnitten bzw. den von den Einschnitten gebildeten Nuten formschlüssig aufgenommen werden kann. Die einzelnen Trägersegmente können vorgebogen sein, es können aber auch solche Träger verwendet werden, die auf eine gewünschte Krümmung einstellbar sind. Solche hinsichtlich ihrer Krümmung einstellbaren Träger sind in vielfältigen Formen bekanntgeworden. Eine dieser Formen zeigt die Fig. 27 in Draufsicht. Die Enden des Trägersegmentes 25"' sind mit Zugstangen 43 verbunden, die einander zugewandten Enden dieser Stangen 43 sind an einem in seiner Länge verstellbaren Stellglied 44 angeordnet. Durch Veränderung der Länge des Stellgliedes 44 ist die Krümmung des Segmentes 25"' einstellbar. Auch Trägersegmente, die einen polygonalen Ring bilden, sind hier verwendbar. Eine andere Ausführungsform eines Trägers veranschaulichen die Fig. 28 bis 30. Der hier in Fig. 30 im Querschnitt gezeigte Träger ist zweiteilig ausgebildet. Der eine Teil besteht aus einem gekrümmten T-Träger 45, dessen Mittelsteg 46 randseitig eine Lochreihe 47 aufweist. Der zweite Teil ist als Stahlband 48 ausgebildet, das auf einer seiner beiden Breitseiten rechtwinklig dazu angeordnete Stege 49 trägt, die in der Mittelebene dieses Bandes 48 liegen. Randseitig und parallel zur Längserstreckung des Bandes 48 sind in diese Stege 49 Langlöcher 50 eingearbeitet. Dieses Stahlband 48 ist leicht biegbar und kann als Zugglied verwendet werden. In Verbindung mit dem vorstehend beschriebenen T-Profil 45 (Fig. 28) ist es als Druckglied einsetzbar. Zu diesem Zweck werden die beiden Teile miteinander verschraubt.All suitable elements which have a corresponding band, which can be positively received by the mentioned incisions or the grooves formed by the incisions, serve as supports or support segments. The individual support segments can be pre-bent, but it is also possible to use supports that can be adjusted to a desired curvature. Such adjustable straps have become known in a variety of forms. 27 shows one of these shapes in plan view. The ends of the carrier segment 25 "'are connected to tie rods 43, the mutually facing ends of these rods 43 are arranged on an actuator 44 whose length is adjustable. By changing the length of the actuator 44, the curvature of the segment 25"' can be adjusted. Carrier segments that form a polygonal ring can also be used here. Another embodiment of a carrier is illustrated in FIGS. 28 to 30. The carrier shown here in cross section in FIG. 30 is formed in two parts. One part consists of a curved T-beam 45, the central web 46 of which has a row of holes 47 on the edge. The second part is designed as a steel band 48, which on one of its two broad sides carries webs 49 arranged at right angles thereto, which lie in the central plane of this band 48. On the edge side and parallel to the longitudinal extent of the band 48, 49 elongated holes 50 are incorporated into these webs. This steel band 48 is easily bendable and can be used as a tension member. In connection with the T-profile 45 described above (Fig. 28) it can be used as a pressure member. For this purpose, the two parts are screwed together.

In den beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen sind die übereinanderliegenden Schalungstafeln 1 jeweils so angeordnet, daß die Stege 2 in vertikaler Richtung fluchten. Dies ist für die Erfindung nicht unbedingt notwendig. Die Stege 2 der,in vertikaler Richtung aufeinanderfolgenden Schalungstafeln 1 können auch gegeneinander seitlich versetzt sein. Auch in einem solchen Fall werden die horizontalen Ringträger, ob sie nun tatsächlich kreisförmig verlaufen oder polygonal, formschlüssig gehalten.In the exemplary embodiments described, the formwork panels 1 lying one above the other are each arranged in such a way that the webs 2 are aligned in the vertical direction. This is not absolutely necessary for the invention. The webs 2 of the formwork panels 1 which follow one another in the vertical direction can also be laterally offset from one another. In such a case, too, the horizontal ring carriers, whether they actually run circularly or polygonally, are held in a form-fitting manner.

Bei der Herstellung einer kreisförmigen Schalung, z. B. einer Außenschalung, werden die vorstehend beschriebenen Schalungstafeln in eine am Fundament befestigte Richteinrichtung eingefügt, wie dies im Zusammenhang mit den Fig. 22 und 23 erläutert worden ist. Dann werden jeweils Schalungsringe gebildet, die aufeinanderstoßen. Durch die Einschnitte in den Stegen ist Raum geschaffen für die Aufnahme des horizontal verlaufenden Trägers. Dieser Träger übernimmt im Falle der Außenschalung Zugkräfte, die beim Einfüllen des Betons in die Schalung entstehen. Gleichzeitig hat dieser Träger auch die Aufgabe, den Stoß zweier übereinanderliegender Schalungstafeln abzudichten. Durch die Keilform des Einschnittes bzw. durch die Keilform des Flansches des Trägers werden die einzelnen Tafeln ausgerichtet und fixiert. Die Montage wird fortgesetzt, indem Ring auf Gurt usw. gestellt wird, bis die gewünschte Höhe erreicht ist. Nach Einbringung der Armierung wird die Innenschalung auf dieselbe Weise aufgebaut und entsprechend dem Betonierungsfortschritt kontinuierlich geschlossen. Es besteht die Möglichkeit, statt reiner Zug-und Druckträger auch kombinierte Träger zu verwenden, die eine Durchbindung und dadurch eine Lastabtragung gegenseitig zwischen Innen- und Außenträger erlauben. In diesem Fall sind die Gurte als U-Gurte ausgebildet (Fig. 10 und Fig. 13). Die innen- bzw. außenliegenden Träger oder Gurte sind jeweils auf den notwendigen Radius einzustellen. Diese Träger oder Gurte können auch polygonal ausgestaltet sein. Um Vorspannungen sowohl auf die Druck- als auch auf die Zuggurte oder Träger aufbringen zu können, kann der Träger oder Gurt so ausgebildet sein, daß sie Knebel-Exzenter- oder Keil- bzw. Schraubeinrichtungen besitzen, mit welchen die gewünschten Vorspannkräfte aufzubringen sind. Während des Betonierens kann durch diese Schalung in beliebiger Höhe hinauf betoniert werden. Es ist auch möglich, in Abhängigkeit des Baufortschrittes die Schalung in dem Bereich, in dem der Beton bereits abgebunden hat, abzubauen und die so gewonnenen Schalungselemente am oberen Rand der Schalung wieder aufzusetzen.In the manufacture of a circular formwork, e.g. B. an external formwork, the formwork panels described above are inserted into a leveling device attached to the foundation, as has been explained in connection with FIGS. 22 and 23. Then formwork rings are formed that collide with each other. The incisions in the webs create space for the horizontal beam. In the case of external formwork, this beam takes over tensile forces that arise when the concrete is poured into the formwork. At the same time, this beam also has the task of sealing the joint between two formwork panels one above the other. The wedge shape of the incision or the wedge shape of the flange of the carrier aligns and fixes the individual panels. The assembly is continued by placing the ring on the belt etc. until the desired height is reached. After the reinforcement has been installed, the inner formwork is constructed in the same way and continuously closed in accordance with the progress of the concreting. Instead of pure tension and compression beams, it is also possible to use combined beams, which allow binding and thus load transfer between the inner and outer beams. In this case, the straps are designed as U-straps (FIGS. 10 and 13). The inside or outside straps or belts must be adjusted to the required radius. These carriers or belts can also be designed polygonal. In order to be able to apply pretension to both the compression straps and the tension belts or carriers, the carrier or belt can be designed such that they have gag eccentric or wedge or screw devices with which the desired pretensioning forces are to be applied. This formwork can be used for concreting at any height during concreting. It is also possible, depending on the construction progress, to dismantle the formwork in the area in which the concrete has already set and to put the formwork elements thus obtained on the upper edge of the formwork.

Mit der vorgesehenen Konstruktion kann wahlweise entweder zuerst die Innenschalung erstellt werden, dann wird armiert und dann die Außenschalung kontinuierlich hochgezogen. Dieser Vorgang kann auch in umgekehrter Weise geschehen, indem zuerst die Außenschalung errichtet wird. Durch die stabilisierende Wirkung der Gurte oder Träger ist für die Errichtung der Schalung nur eine Innen- oder Außenpodiumskonstruktion notwendig, wie sie bei bekannten Schalungssystemen schon verwendet wird. In diesem Zusammenhang ist auch darauf hinzuweisen, daß ein solches Arbeitspodium auch gegen die Innengurte abgestützt werden kann.With the proposed construction, either the inner formwork can be created first, then it is reinforced and then the outer formwork is continuously raised. This process can also be done in the opposite way by first installing the outer formwork. Due to the stabilizing effect of the straps or girders, only an inner or outer podium construction, as is already used in known formwork systems, is necessary for erecting the formwork. In this context, it should also be noted that such a work platform can also be supported against the inner belts.

Die so errichtete Schalung hat eine ausreichende Stabilität, so daß eine zusätzliche Versteifung und Aussteifung nicht notwendig ist. In die Schalung können auch in beliebiger Höhe Abstandshalter eingepaßt werden.The formwork constructed in this way has sufficient stability so that additional stiffening and stiffening is not necessary. Spacers can also be fitted into the formwork at any height.

Bei nicht rotationssymmetrischen Bauwerken sind die horizontalen Träger oder Gurte entsprechend der vorgesehenen Krümmung als Durchbindeträger oder Durchbindegurte vorzusehen. Dann werden diese wie bei der Zylinderschalung abwechselnd mit den biegsamen Schalelementen aufgebaut. Nach dem Aufbau können die notwendigen Durchbindungen eingefügt werden.In the case of structures that are not rotationally symmetrical, the horizontal girders or belts are to be provided as tie girders or tie girdles in accordance with the intended curvature. Then, as with cylinder formwork, these are alternately built up with the flexible formwork elements. After the construction, the necessary bindings can be inserted.

Die biegsamen Schalungstafeln werden vorzugsweise aus Stahlblech gefertigt. Auch andere Materialien, wie glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffe oder glasfaserverstärkte Profilträger können hier verwendet werden. Auch Sperrholz ist ein brauchbarer Werkstoff. Daß für die horizontalen Gurte und Träger verschiedenste Querschnitte einsetzbar sind, wurde vorstehend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen gezeigt. Daß außen und innen verschiedene Profile für diese Gurte oder Träger verwendet werden können, ist ebenfalls aufgezeigt worden.The flexible formwork panels are preferably made from sheet steel. Other materials such as glass fiber reinforced plastics or glass fiber reinforced profile beams can also be used here. Plywood is also a useful material. The fact that a wide variety of cross sections can be used for the horizontal belts and supports has been shown above using exemplary embodiments. It has also been shown that different profiles can be used on the outside and inside for these belts or carriers.

Im Vergleich mit bekannten Schalungen hat die biegsame Schalung den Vorteil, daß sowohl die Horizontalträger oder Gurte als auch die Schalungstafeln in beiden Richtungen biegsam sind, deshalb sowohl für kreissymmetrische Innen- wie auch kreissymmetrische Außenschalungen verwendet werden können. Die Elemente sind ein- . fach aufgebaut, leicht reinzuhalten und zu reinigen. Dasselbe gilt auch für die horizontalen Träger oder Gurte, die vorzugsweise so miteinander verbunden sind, daß sie kontinuierlich durch eine Rundungs- oder Biegemaschine durchgeführt werden können. Das Biegen dieser Gurte oder Träger kann entweder auf der Baustelle erfolgen oder schon werkstattmäßig vorbereitet werden.In comparison with known formwork, the flexible formwork has the advantage that both the horizontal girders or belts and the formwork panels are flexible in both directions, and can therefore be used for circularly symmetrical inner and circularly symmetrical outer formwork. The elements are one. well structured, easy to keep clean and easy to clean. The same also applies to the horizontal beams or belts, which are preferably connected to one another in such a way that they can be carried out continuously by a rounding or bending machine. The bending of these belts or beams can either be done on site or prepared in the workshop.

In die sich steifen Horizontalträger oder Gurte können verschiedene Arten von Konsolen eingehängt werden, auf die ein Podium aufgebaut werden kann. Die Schalung kann auch als selbstkletternde Schalung verwendet werden. In diesem Fall wird jeweils ein ca. 2 m hoher Abschnitt geschalt, betoniert und dann von der unteren Ebene nach oben umgesetzt, und dann wiederum die nächste Etappe geschalt. Das beschriebene Schalungssystem ist im Prinzip durchdringungsfrei.Various types of brackets can be hung on the rigid horizontal beams or belts, on which a podium can be built. The formwork can also be used as self-climbing formwork. In this case, an approx. 2 m high section is formed, concreted and then moved from the lower level upwards, and then the next stage is formed again. The formwork system described is in principle penetration-free.

Durch die Höhenunabhängigkeit der Schalungselemente können beliebig hohe Wandabschnitte betoniert werden, ohne daß die Fallhöhe mehr als der Höhe der Schalungstafel entspricht.Due to the height independence of the formwork elements, wall sections of any height can be concreted without the drop height corresponding more than the height of the formwork panel.

Es ist auch möglich, eine hydraulische Hubbühne einzusetzen, die auf den horizontalen Trägern oder Gurten abgestützt wird und die dann schrittweise hochgefahren wird.It is also possible to use a hydraulic lifting platform which is supported on the horizontal beams or belts and which is then gradually raised.

Bei den vorstehend beschriebenen Schalungstafeln waren die Stege 2 angeschweißt und die Einschnitte bzw. Hinterschneidungen durch entsprechende Ausklinkungen in den Stegen gefertigt. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, diese Hinterschneidungen bzw. Einschnitte durch bewegliche Glieder zu erzielen. Ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel dafür zeigen die Fig. 32 und 33 in Seitensicht und Draufsicht. Auf der Schalungstafel 60 ist der Steg 61 angeschweißt. Dieser Steg besitzt eine stumpfe Stirnkante 66, die gegenüber dem Rand der Schalungstafel 60 zurückversetzt ist. Endseitig in diesem Steg 61 ist eine rechteckige Aussparung 62, deren Längsachse parallel zur Längsachse des Steges liegt und in welcher ein gabelartig ausgebildeter, in dieser Aussparung 62 längsverschiebbarer Keil 63 eingesetzt ist. Der Pfeil 67 zeigt die Verschieberichtung für diesen Keil 63 an. Dieser Keil ist über die Länge der Ausnehmung 62 verschiebbar. Dank dieser Konstruktion ist es möglich, Schalungstafeln 60 aneinanderzureihen, dann den Träger 64 einzulegen und anschließend den formschlüssigen Verbund durch Verschieben des Keiles 63 herzustellen, der dann den Flansch 65 des Trägers 64 formschlüssig übergreift.In the formwork panels described above, the webs 2 were welded on and the incisions or undercuts were made in the webs by corresponding notches. It is within the scope of the invention to achieve these undercuts or incisions by means of movable members. A first exemplary embodiment of this is shown in FIGS. 32 and 33 in a side view and a top view. The web 61 is welded onto the formwork panel 60. This web has a blunt end edge 66 which is set back from the edge of the formwork panel 60. At the end in this web 61 there is a rectangular recess 62, the longitudinal axis of which lies parallel to the longitudinal axis of the web and in which a wedge 63, which is designed like a fork and is longitudinally displaceable in this recess 62, is inserted. The arrow 67 shows the direction of displacement for this wedge 63. This wedge is displaceable over the length of the recess 62. Thanks to this construction, it is possible to line up formwork panels 60, then insert the carrier 64 and then produce the interlocking connection by moving the wedge 63, which then positively engages over the flange 65 of the carrier 64.

Eine Variante dieser Konstruktion zeigen die Fig. 34 und 35 ebenfalls in Seitensicht und Draufsicht. Hier ist der versetzbare Keil 63', der in seiner funktionsgerechten Lage den Flansch 65 des Trägers 64 formschlüssig übergreift, durch einen seitlich einzuschlagenden, weiteren Keil 68 fixiert.34 and 35 also show a variant of this construction in a side view and a top view. Here, the displaceable wedge 63 ', which in its functional position positively engages over the flange 65 of the carrier 64, is fixed by a further wedge 68 to be turned in laterally.

Die Ausführungsformen aus den Fig. 32 bis 35 haben den Vorteil, daß solche Schalungstafeln aneinandergereiht werden können, dann werden erst die Träger 64 angelegt und dann durch Verschieben oder Einschlagen der Keile 63 bzw. 63' die notwendige Verspannung hergestellt.The embodiments from FIGS. 32 to 35 have the advantage that such formwork panels can be strung together, then the supports 64 are first put on and then the necessary tensioning is produced by moving or driving in the wedges 63 and 63 '.

Fig. 36 zeigt die Draufsicht auf eine Schalungstafel 1, entsprechend der Fig. 3, wobei jedoch hier die Stege 2, die aus L-förmigen Profilen gebildet sind, mittels Schrauben lösbar befestigt werden. Diese Schrauben sind hier durch eine strichpunktierte Linie 69 angedeutet. Eine andere Konstruktion für die lösbare Befestigung der Stege 2 zeigen die Fig. 37 und 38. Hier sind auf der Schalungstafel 60' Reihen von bügelförmigen Ösen 70 angeordnet. Die L-förmigen, als Stege 2 dienenden Profilschienen besitzen an ihrem einen Flansch mehrere in einer Reihe angeordnete Öffnungen für die Aufnahme dieser Ösen 70. Zur festen Verbindung der beiden Teile, nämlich der Schalungstafel 60' und des Steges 2 dienen,einschlagbare Keile 71.Fig. 36 shows the top view of a formwork panel 1, corresponding to Fig. 3, but here the webs 2, which are formed from L-shaped profiles, are releasably attached by means of screws. These screws are indicated here by a dash-dotted line 69. Another construction for the releasable fastening of the webs 2 is shown in FIGS. 37 and 38. Here rows of bow-shaped eyelets 70 are arranged on the formwork panel 60 '. The L-shaped profile rails, which serve as webs 2, have a plurality of openings arranged in a row on their one flange for receiving these eyelets 70. Wedges 71 which can be driven in serve to firmly connect the two parts, namely the formwork panel 60 'and the web 2.

Wurden vorstehend rechteckförmige Schalungstafeln erläutert und beschrieben, so ist hier noch zu erwähnen, daß diese auch trapezförmig ausgebildet sein können. Ein Schalungselement, das aus trapezförmigen Schalungstafeln aufgebaut worden ist, zeigt Fig. 39 in Ansicht. Die einzelnen Tafeln 1-1'v haben trapezförmige Gestalt, doch sind die aufeinanderfolgenden Tafeln unterschiedlich groß. Auf diese Weise können trapezförmige oder dreieckförmige Schalungselemente errichtet werden, die auch in sich biegbar sind, so daß mit ihnen eine Teilfläche eines Kegelmantels schalbar ist.If rectangular formwork panels have been explained and described above, it should also be mentioned here that they can also be trapezoidal. Fig. 39 shows a formwork element which has been constructed from trapezoidal formwork panels. The individual panels 1-1 ' v have a trapezoidal shape, but the successive panels are of different sizes. In this way, trapezoidal or triangular formwork elements can be erected, which are also bendable in themselves, so that a partial surface of a cone shell can be formed with them.

Eine andere Konstruktion für die Bildung von trapez- oder dreieckförmigen Schalungselementen zeigt die Fig. 40 in Ansicht. Hier sind Schalungstafeln gleicher Größe und rechteckförmiger Gestalt miteinander verbunden, jedoch besitzen die Träger 25' keilförmig verlaufende Flansche 72. Ein solcher Träger ist in Schrägsicht in Fig. 41 dargestellt. Es ist auch möglich, an einem Träger 25 (Fig. 42) einen Flansch 73 mit parallelen Rändern und einen Flansch 74 mit konvergierenden Rändern vorzusehen.Another construction for the formation of trapezoidal or triangular formwork elements is shown in FIG. 40 in view. Here, formwork panels of the same size and rectangular shape are connected to one another, but the supports 25 'have wedge-shaped flanges 72. Such a support is shown in an oblique view in FIG. 41. It is also possible to provide a flange 73 with parallel edges and a flange 74 with converging edges on a carrier 25 (FIG. 42).

Aus dem Vorstehenden ergibt sich, daß innerhalb von Schalungselementen die Schalungstafeln so angeordnet werden können, daß ihre Stege 2 bzw. 61 aufrechtstehen oder aber liegen, wie dies beispielsweise im Zusammenhang mit den Schalungselementen nach den Fig. 39 und 40 veranschaulicht wurde.From the above it follows that the formwork panels can be arranged within formwork elements so that their webs 2 or 61 are upright or lie, as has been illustrated, for example, in connection with the formwork elements according to FIGS. 39 and 40.

Claims (17)

1. Shuttering for erecting buildings made from pourable materials, such as for example concrete, with shuttering panels which are optionally coated and which are made of resiliently deformable material, for example steel plates, which are bendable within the resilient range, for the construction of curvedly extending buildings, and which have shuttering panels on the outside on edges which lie opposite one another, and preferably flange-like webs near to these same; and wherein, in operational use, inside a shuttering, shuttering panels which directly succeed one another are connected together, on edges which are adjacent to one another and which are provided with the flange-like webs, by means of locking members, and for the supporting of the shuttering panels which succeed one another, support members in the form of traction- and/or pressure- members are provided, on the outside, lying against the shuttering panels; characterised in that the flange-like webs (2, 61) have on their upper and/or lower ends wedge-shaped recesses (5) and/or undercuts, and one boundary plane of the wedge-shaped laterally open recess (5) is formed by the outside of the shuttering panel, and the front edges (6) of the webs (2) are backwardly- offset in relation to the edges (7, 8) of the shuttering panels (1), and thus the recesses (5) and/or undercuts of the webs (2, 61) of adjacent shuttering panels (1, 60), at least viewed from the direction at right angles to the plane of the webs (2,61), define undercut groove-like cavities in which the support members (25, 25', 25", 26) lie.
2. Shuttering according to claim 1, characterised in that the webs (2, 61) of adjacently arranged shuttering panels (1, 60) are in alignment (fig. 14, 24).
3. Shuttering according to claim 1, characterised in that the outer webs (2, 61) lie flush with the vertical edges (3) of the shuttering panels (1, 60).
4. Shuttering according to claim 1, characterised in that over the length (L) of the rectangular shuttering panels (1) there are provided, on the outside, several vertical webs (2) which preferably are arranged spaced equidistantly from one another.
5. Shuttering according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the length (L) of the shuttering panels amounts to 3.14 m or to a whole-number multiple thereof.
6. Shuttering according to claim 1, characterised in that as support members (25, 26), strips are provided, which lie in the cavities which are defined by the recesses (5) of the webs (2), and the cavities form undercut grooves (fig. 8-13; 15). ,
7. Shuttering according to claim 6, characterised in that the width of the strips is greater than the depth of the recesses (5).
8. Shuttering according to claim 6, characterised in that the strip is constructed as a flange of a T- or T-shaped support member (fig. 8-13; 15).
9. Shuttering according to claim 1, characterised in that the support members which are used as traction members carry, at their end-sides, sleeves (28) whose axes lie parallel to the axis of the support member and which serve for receiving tightening-screws by means of which support member segments which succeed one another can be connected together.
10. Shuttering according to claim 1, characterised in that the support members which are used as pressure members carry, at their end-sides, expander members (40) and bearing surfaces (39) for expander members, such as for example wedges or eccentrics (fig. 24, 25, 26).
11. Shuttering according to claim 8, characterised in that the I-shaped support member is of two-part construction, whereof one part is a T-support member with a row of bores along the free edge of the central web, and the other part is a strip with webs which are arranged along its longitudinal axis and which are spaced apart from one another, these webs standing at right angles to the plane of the strip and being arranged in the central plane thereof, and these webs, which are constructed substantially as rectangular plates, have along their edge which faces away from the strip, an elongated recess, and the two parts are screwed together in order to form an I-shaped support member (fig. 28-39).
12. Shuttering according to claim 1 or 7 to 10, characterised in that the support member has, on its side which faces towards the shuttering panel and on the side lying thereagainst, a centrally arranged web (32) whose thickness corresponds approximately to the thickness of the shuttering panel (1) and which, in its assembled position, lies between the upper and the lower edge of two shuttering panels (1) which succeed one another in the vertical direction (fig. 10, 13).
13. Shuttering according to claim 1, characterised in that the webs (2) are formed from angled profiles, and the flange which lies thereagainst on the rear side of a shuttering panel (60') has several openings, through which there project loops (70) which resemble curved bars and which in their turn are welded on the shuttering panel (60'), and wedges (71) which are inserted through the loops (70) fix the webs (2) on the shuttering panel (60') (fig. 37 and 38).
14. Shuttering according to claim 1, characterised in that the recess and/or the undercut at the end of the webs (61) are formed by insertable wedges (63, 63') (fig. 32-35).
15. Shuttering according to claim 14, characterised in that the wedge (63) is guided slidably on the web (61) (fig. 32-33).
16. Shuttering according to claim 1, characterised in that those support members (25, 25') which are of I-shaped cross-section have at least one flange (72, 74) with converging lateral edges (fig. 40-42).
17. Shuttering according to claim 15, characterised in that the wedge (63) is of fork-shaped construction (fig. 33).
EP85114188A 1984-11-16 1985-11-07 Shuttering for making constructions of pourable materials, e.g. concrete Expired - Lifetime EP0182212B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0364284A AT390111B (en) 1984-11-16 1984-11-16 FORMWORK FOR BUILDING BODIES FROM CASTABLE MATERIALS, AS EXAMPLE FOR CONCRETE
AT3642/84 1984-11-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0182212A2 EP0182212A2 (en) 1986-05-28
EP0182212A3 EP0182212A3 (en) 1987-06-24
EP0182212B1 true EP0182212B1 (en) 1990-01-10

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EP85114188A Expired - Lifetime EP0182212B1 (en) 1984-11-16 1985-11-07 Shuttering for making constructions of pourable materials, e.g. concrete

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US (1) US4742985A (en)
EP (1) EP0182212B1 (en)
AT (1) AT390111B (en)
DE (1) DE3575324D1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT390111B (en) 1990-03-26
DE3575324D1 (en) 1990-02-15
ATA364284A (en) 1989-08-15
EP0182212A3 (en) 1987-06-24
US4742985A (en) 1988-05-10
EP0182212A2 (en) 1986-05-28

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