DD271055A5 - Verfahren zur herstellung von pharmazeutischen applikationsformen zum einbringen von wirkstoffen durch die haut hindurch - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von pharmazeutischen applikationsformen zum einbringen von wirkstoffen durch die haut hindurch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DD271055A5 DD271055A5 DD88317030A DD31703088A DD271055A5 DD 271055 A5 DD271055 A5 DD 271055A5 DD 88317030 A DD88317030 A DD 88317030A DD 31703088 A DD31703088 A DD 31703088A DD 271055 A5 DD271055 A5 DD 271055A5
- Authority
- DD
- German Democratic Republic
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- layers
- active ingredient
- skin
- prepared
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002012 Aerosil® Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 90
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960000201 isosorbide dinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- MOYKHGMNXAOIAT-JGWLITMVSA-N isosorbide dinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[C@H]1CO[C@@H]2[C@H](O[N+](=O)[O-])CO[C@@H]21 MOYKHGMNXAOIAT-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 3
- WRLGYAWRGXKSKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenobarbital sodium Chemical compound [Na+].C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(CC)C(=O)NC([O-])=NC1=O WRLGYAWRGXKSKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940072992 nitrodisc Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001086872 Hydrogenobacter thermophilus (strain DSM 6534 / IAM 12695 / TK-6) Phosphoserine phosphatase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001506137 Rapa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007991 Si-N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006294 Si—N Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001138 acetylsalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036765 blood level Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000812 cholinergic antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009509 drug development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsilane Chemical class [SiH3]C UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940072981 nitro-dur Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002048 spasmolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
- A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
- A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
- A61K9/7084—Transdermal patches having a drug layer or reservoir, and one or more separate drug-free skin-adhesive layers, e.g. between drug reservoir and skin, or surrounding the drug reservoir; Liquid-filled reservoir patches
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HU872822A HU197519B (en) | 1987-06-22 | 1987-06-22 | Process for producing medicine form capable for penetrating through epidermis and suitable for intaking the agent through epidermis by kinetics of zero-grade |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DD271055A5 true DD271055A5 (de) | 1989-08-23 |
Family
ID=10961260
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DD88317030A DD271055A5 (de) | 1987-06-22 | 1988-06-22 | Verfahren zur herstellung von pharmazeutischen applikationsformen zum einbringen von wirkstoffen durch die haut hindurch |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4997655A (da) |
| EP (1) | EP0321524B1 (da) |
| JP (1) | JPH02500748A (da) |
| KR (1) | KR890701094A (da) |
| CN (1) | CN1031324A (da) |
| AU (1) | AU615929B2 (da) |
| CA (1) | CA1309948C (da) |
| CS (1) | CS276258B6 (da) |
| DD (1) | DD271055A5 (da) |
| DK (1) | DK79889D0 (da) |
| ES (1) | ES2007240A6 (da) |
| FI (1) | FI890853A (da) |
| HU (1) | HU197519B (da) |
| PL (1) | PL157152B1 (da) |
| SU (1) | SU1760968A3 (da) |
| WO (1) | WO1988010111A1 (da) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3901551A1 (de) * | 1989-01-20 | 1990-07-26 | Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts | Superfizielles therapeutisches system mit einem gehalt an einem antineoplastischen wirkstoff, insbesondere 5-fluoruracil |
| FR2664815B1 (fr) * | 1990-07-23 | 1994-11-04 | Adir | Systeme matriciel autoadhesif pour la liberation prolongee du piribedil par voie transcutanee. |
| DE4332094C2 (de) * | 1993-09-22 | 1995-09-07 | Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts | Lösemittelfrei herstellbares Wirkstoffpflaster und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| DE4332093C2 (de) * | 1993-09-22 | 1995-07-13 | Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts | Transdermales therapeutisches System mit dem Wirkstoff Acetylsalicylsäure und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| GB9719076D0 (en) * | 1997-09-09 | 1997-11-12 | Movevirgo Limited | A material for producing a medical dressing and a medical dressing produced using the material |
| US6436406B1 (en) | 2000-06-15 | 2002-08-20 | A. Glenn Braswell | Compositions and methods for reducing or controlling blood cholesterol, lipoproteins, triglycerides and atherosclerosis |
| US7049479B2 (en) * | 2002-02-07 | 2006-05-23 | Corium Corporation | Ultra thin film transdermal/dermal or transmucosal/mucosal delivery system |
| EP1648363B1 (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2019-03-06 | Corium International, Inc. | Wound dressing, ingredient delivery device and iv hold-down, and method relating to same |
| US9205062B2 (en) | 2004-03-09 | 2015-12-08 | Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Transdermal systems containing multilayer adhesive matrices to modify drug delivery |
| US20050202073A1 (en) * | 2004-03-09 | 2005-09-15 | Mylan Technologies, Inc. | Transdermal systems containing multilayer adhesive matrices to modify drug delivery |
| US7491263B2 (en) * | 2004-04-05 | 2009-02-17 | Technology Innovation, Llc | Storage assembly |
| US7888422B2 (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2011-02-15 | Mylan Technologies Inc. | Long-wearing removable pressure sensitive adhesive |
| US9017301B2 (en) * | 2007-09-04 | 2015-04-28 | Mylan Technologies, Inc. | Transdermal drug delivery systems comprising a coated release liner |
| KR101325104B1 (ko) * | 2009-09-16 | 2013-11-07 | 주식회사 삼양바이오팜 | 경피 투여 제형 및 그 제조 방법 |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3598122A (en) * | 1969-04-01 | 1971-08-10 | Alza Corp | Bandage for administering drugs |
| US3742951A (en) * | 1971-08-09 | 1973-07-03 | Alza Corp | Bandage for controlled release of vasodilators |
| DE2445971A1 (de) * | 1974-09-24 | 1976-04-08 | Schering Ag | Arzneimittelwirkstofftraeger ii |
| IL48277A (en) * | 1974-10-18 | 1978-03-10 | Schering Ag | Vaginal ring |
| SE418247B (sv) * | 1975-11-17 | 1981-05-18 | Haessle Ab | Sett att framstella kroppar med reglerad frigoring av en aktiv komponent |
| US4031894A (en) * | 1975-12-08 | 1977-06-28 | Alza Corporation | Bandage for transdermally administering scopolamine to prevent nausea |
| US4060084A (en) * | 1976-09-07 | 1977-11-29 | Alza Corporation | Method and therapeutic system for providing chemotherapy transdermally |
| US4191741A (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1980-03-04 | Eli Lilly And Company | Removable drug implant |
| JPS56133381A (en) * | 1980-03-25 | 1981-10-19 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | Pressure-sensitive adhesive tape or sheet containing nitroglycerin |
| US4314557A (en) * | 1980-05-19 | 1982-02-09 | Alza Corporation | Dissolution controlled active agent dispenser |
| US4336243A (en) * | 1980-08-11 | 1982-06-22 | G. D. Searle & Co. | Transdermal nitroglycerin pad |
| US4661105A (en) * | 1981-06-29 | 1987-04-28 | Alza Corporation | Medical bandage for administering vasodilator drug |
| US4460371A (en) * | 1981-11-24 | 1984-07-17 | Dennison Manufacturing Company | Silicone pressure sensitive adhesive and uses |
| US4655767A (en) * | 1984-10-29 | 1987-04-07 | Dow Corning Corporation | Transdermal drug delivery devices with amine-resistant silicone adhesives |
| US4615699A (en) * | 1985-05-03 | 1986-10-07 | Alza Corporation | Transdermal delivery system for delivering nitroglycerin at high transdermal fluxes |
| US4690683A (en) * | 1985-07-02 | 1987-09-01 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Transdermal varapamil delivery device |
| US4865848A (en) * | 1987-02-26 | 1989-09-12 | Alza Corporation | Skin permeation enhancer compositions using sucrose esters |
-
1987
- 1987-06-22 HU HU872822A patent/HU197519B/hu unknown
-
1988
- 1988-06-21 CA CA000570014A patent/CA1309948C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-22 EP EP88905415A patent/EP0321524B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-22 ES ES8801936A patent/ES2007240A6/es not_active Expired
- 1988-06-22 AU AU19503/88A patent/AU615929B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-06-22 CS CS884389A patent/CS276258B6/cs unknown
- 1988-06-22 US US07/315,894 patent/US4997655A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-06-22 CN CN88104705A patent/CN1031324A/zh active Pending
- 1988-06-22 PL PL1988273246A patent/PL157152B1/pl unknown
- 1988-06-22 WO PCT/HU1988/000044 patent/WO1988010111A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1988-06-22 JP JP63505103A patent/JPH02500748A/ja active Granted
- 1988-06-22 DD DD88317030A patent/DD271055A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-02-18 KR KR1019890700295A patent/KR890701094A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-02-21 DK DK079889A patent/DK79889D0/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-02-21 SU SU894613605A patent/SU1760968A3/ru active
- 1989-02-22 FI FI890853A patent/FI890853A/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HU197519B (en) | 1989-04-28 |
| DK79889A (da) | 1989-02-21 |
| CS8804389A2 (en) | 1991-03-12 |
| EP0321524B1 (en) | 1992-10-21 |
| JPH0459295B2 (da) | 1992-09-21 |
| WO1988010111A1 (en) | 1988-12-29 |
| EP0321524A1 (en) | 1989-06-28 |
| PL273246A1 (en) | 1989-07-24 |
| CS276258B6 (en) | 1992-05-13 |
| SU1760968A3 (ru) | 1992-09-07 |
| ES2007240A6 (es) | 1989-06-01 |
| JPH02500748A (ja) | 1990-03-15 |
| FI890853A0 (fi) | 1989-02-22 |
| FI890853A (fi) | 1989-02-22 |
| AU1950388A (en) | 1989-01-19 |
| DK79889D0 (da) | 1989-02-21 |
| KR890701094A (ko) | 1989-12-19 |
| PL157152B1 (pl) | 1992-04-30 |
| CN1031324A (zh) | 1989-03-01 |
| US4997655A (en) | 1991-03-05 |
| AU615929B2 (en) | 1991-10-17 |
| CA1309948C (en) | 1992-11-10 |
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