DD241187A1 - METHOD FOR EFFICIENT ENHANCEMENT OF ANTIPHYTOVIRAL PLANT PROTECTION AGENTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for increasing the action of antiphytoviral pesticides. This is achieved according to the invention by the fact that 2-alkyl-glycero-3-phosphocholines substituted in the 1-position by H, alkyl or aralkyl, in which the length of the two-terminal alkyl chain can vary between 7 and 21 carbon atoms, are added to antiphytoviral crop protection agents , As a result, their antiphytoviral effects are increased synergistically. There is so much reduction in viral replication that in practice, new infections can be eliminated to a high percentage, thus providing a tangible improvement in seedlings of vegetatively propagated plants, including regenerates from meristem cultures. Likewise, virus-induced yield depression can be reduced to a greater extent than by individual means or even avoided altogether. The spectrum of influenceable viruses is expanded. The development of preventable viruses is counteracted.

Description

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention is based on the object. Due to their chemical structure, they are able to detect the efficacy of highly active antiphytoviral preparations, eg. Analogues of catabolites of pyrimidine bases, such as 2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, of analogues of anabolites of purine bases, such as 1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3 carboxamide (ribavirin), or of alkanesulfonates to substantially strengthen and thereby

- to further increase the effectiveness of viral clearance of breeding material of the potato by means of meristem (sprouting) culture;

- the number of natural new infections, eg. As by virus-transmitting insects, further reducing and thereby reduce the number of virus-infected tubers or other reproductive bodies in the potato and other vegetatively propagated plants, in this way the health of the planting material and thus the conditions for good harvests in the following year significantly improve;

- To further slow down the virus multiplication and thereby further reduce the virus-induced yield depressions of the crop;

- To increase the number of chemotherapeutically detectable with a preparation virus and thus the effectiveness of antiphytoviral chemotherapy.

The object is achieved in that 1-substituted 2-alkyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine of the general formula

CHo-OR ¹

O O '

in which R ^{1 is} H, alkyl, aralkyl and η is 7 to 21, suitably with antiphytoviral preparations, such as 2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1-β-D-ibofuranosyl-1 , 2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (Ribavirin) or alkanesulfonates combined can be brought into use, wherein the active ingredients to be combined with inert diluents and with suitable formulating agents and processed into spray powders, pastes, emulsion concentrates, etc. can be processed. It has proved to be advantageous if the active substance content accounts for 10 to 90% of the combined preparation, which is dispersed shortly before use with water to spray liquors or in water-soluble compounds to spray solutions. The molar ratio in which the two combination partners stand to each other varies depending on the virus-host combination to be treated between 10 °: 1 and 10 ^-3 : 1.

The synergists according to the invention can be combined with the respective antiphytoviral pesticide in a joint preparation, which moreover can contain surfactants, adhesives and / or further formulating agents. However, the synergist according to the invention, like the particular antiphytoviral pesticide, can also be processed separately into preparations which may each contain surfactants, adhesives and / or further formulating agents. In these cases, the two preparations can be designed so that they are combined prior to application to the plants in tank mixes and then applied efficiently together. In this case, the therapeutically required molar ratio (s.o.) is set when preparing the tank mixture.

embodiments

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to five exemplary embodiments.

In order to characterize the effect enhancement of antiphytoviral pesticides according to the invention, it was above all whole plant tests on solanaceae or leguminous plants, in particular on Nicotiana tabacum L., Samsun '(tobacco) and Pisum sativum convar. speciosum (Dierb.) Alef, Nadja '(pea). Frequently and severely damaging plant viruses were used as test viruses: the potato virus X (= potato virus X = PVX), the potato virus Y = PVY, the tobacco mosaic virus (= tobacco mosaic virus) TMV) and the multicomponent red clover mottle virus (RCMV), the genome of which is distributed over several virus particles, which may result in difficulties in antiphytoviral chemotherapy. The viruses were inoculated into lower leaves using an abrasive (carborundum powder, grain size 500). 2 days before and 2 days after the inoculation, the individual preparations or synergists or the combinations of preparation and synergist were sprayed 3 times to drip point with the addition of 0.2% Fekama adhesive. For Pisum sativum, treatment was given 1 day before and 1 day after inoculation. The concentrations apparent from the exemplary embodiments were determined in preliminary experiments. The controls were sprayed with water with the addition of 0.2% Fekama adhesive. 5-7 days after inoculation, the virus concentration in the top inoculated leaf and 12-20 days after inoculation in higher ranked leaves separated from the top inoculated leaf by at least 2 leaves was serologically tested in the precipitation drop test using dilution end point determination (Examples 1,

3 and 5; Description of all test manipulations at G. SCHUSTER, Archiv Phytopath. u. Pflanzenschutz 13,1977,231-241), or by means of rocket immunoelectrophoresis (Example 2, test description in J. KRÖLL, ZbI Microbiol II, 140, 985, 225-230) determined. In the case of RCMV-infected pea plants, the whole plants were harvested 11 days after inoculation and the virus content was determined with the serological ring test (Example 4, test description in S. KLUGE and K. MARCINKA, Acta virol., 23, 1979, 148-152) , Each experimental member comprised at least 10 individual plants in each of which the virus concentration was determined separately. From the individual results, the mean value was formed for each test subject. These mean virus concentrations are given in the examples relative to the control. The significance of the differences expressed between control or other reference value and experimental elements and expressed in relative values was tested in the t-test. The test result was given in addition to the differences expressed in percentages in the known symbols:

ρ = exceedance probability.

Example 1 shows that the effect of very small amounts of DHT (2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine) in both the inoculated and the secondarily infected leaves is considerably enhanced by synergists according to the invention.

Example 2 shows that the synergists according to the invention also considerably enhance the effect of DHT on the potato Y virus, which is difficult to combat, which is of particular importance as a result of the strong spread of the virus and of the great damage caused by this virus Progress to the previous state provides.

Example 3 makes it clear that the effect of the DHT against the tobacco mosaic virus, which is highly resistant to antiphytoviral preparations and other chemicals, is also increased by adding the synergists according to the invention.

Example 4 demonstrates that the effect of DHT against the multicomponent red-patch virus is significantly enhanced by the synergists of the invention. This results in a noteworthy approach to the chemotherapy of the widespread, often multicomponent, legume viruses that are currently significantly reducing the yields of protein-rich food and feed crops.

Example series 5 shows that the synergists of the invention not only the antiphytoviral effect of DHT, but also those of various other important antiphytoviral compounds, such. B. 1-ß-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (= ribavirin) as well as alkane monosulfonates (alkane chain lengths C9 to C16), especially in secondary infected leaves considerably strengthen. It is particularly important that the effect of the very expensive ribavirin is enhanced to an extent that now 15g ribavirin sufficient to treat a hectare of agricultural crop area.

Example 1:

Concentration of the potato X virus (PVX) in primary infected (inoculated) and secondarily infected leaves of the systemic host Nicotianatabacum L., Samsun 'in relative values (virus concentration of the untreated control = 100%) after treatment with DHT (1: 0.5; ll: 0.25m mol), a synergist according to the invention (2-hexadecyl ^{i-glycero-3-phosphocholine,} 1: 1; ll: 0.7 m mol) and a combination of DHT and synergist; Virus content determination serologically in the precipitation drop test by end point determination; Dilution 1: 1 each with saline

relative virus concentration (control = 100%)

untreated control (K) DHT versus Comp. Synergist versus K combination versus K combination versus DHT combination vs. comp. synergist

Example 2:

Concentration of potato Y virus (PVY) in primary infected (inoculated) and secondarily infected leaves of the systemic host IMicotianatabucum L., Samsun in relative values (virus concentration of the control = 100%) after treatment with DHT (10 m mol), an inventive Synergists (2-hexadecyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1mole) and a combination of DHT and synergists; Virus content determination by means of Rocket immunoelectrophoresis

primarily inf. leaves Il secondarily inf. leaves I 100 I Il 100 66+ 100 100 28 +++ 100 ' 6 +++ 18 +++ 44 ++ 54 ++ 23 ++ 140 18 +++ 82 ' 2 +++ 8 +++ 64+ 54+ 33 ++ 42+ 41 ++ 9 +++ 5 ⁺⁺⁺

relative virus concentration (control = 100%)

primarily inf. Leaves secondary inf. leaves

untreated control (K) 100 100

DHT vsK 62+ 46 ++

erf. acc. Synergist over K 73+ 71 +

Combination opposite K. .. .. .. 48 +++ 31 +++ ₇

Combination versus DHT 77+ 67+

Combination versus erf. Acc. Synergist 66 ++ 44 ++

Example 3:

Concentration of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in primary infected (inoculated) and secondarily infected leaves of the systemic host Nicotianatabacum L, Samsun 'in relative values (virus concentration of the control = 100%) after treatment with DHT (10 m mol), a synergist according to the invention ( 2-hexadecyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1mole) and a combination of DHT and synergists. Virus content determination serologically in the precipitation drop test by end point determination; Dilution 1: 1 each with saline

relative virus concentration (control = 100%) primarily inf. Leaves secondary inf. leaves

untreated control (K) 100 100

DHT versus K 64 '87

erf. acc. Synergist vs K 64 '100

Combination with K 50+ 81 '

Combination versus DHT 78 '93'

Combination towards satisfied synergist. 78 '81'

Example 4:

Concentration of the red-patch virus (RCMV) in leaves of the systemically infected host Pisum sativum convar. Speciosum (Dierb.) Alef, Nadja 'in relative values (virus concentration of the control = 100%) after treatment with DHT (10m mol), a synergist of the invention (2-hexadecyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1 m mol) and a combination of DHT and synergists. Virus content determination serologically by means of the ring test by end point determination; Dilution 1: 1 each with saline

relative virus concentration (control = 100%) untreated control (K) 100

DHT vsK 62+

erf. acc. Synergist compared to K 50 ++

Combination with K 28 +++

Combination versus DHT 45+

Combination versus erf. Acc. Synergist 56+

Example 5 -

Enhancement of the anti-phytoviral effect of ribavirin (1-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide and of alkane monosulphonates (alkane chain lengths C9 to C16) against potato X virus by 2-hexadecylglycero-3-phosphocholine in Primarily infected (inoculated) and secondarily infected leaves of the systematic virus host Nicotiana tabacum, Samsun. Virus content determination serologically in the precipitation drop test (see Examples 1 and 3).

Reduction of virus content to% (contr = 100)

Ribavirin alkane monosulfonates

inok.BI. sec. infiz. Bl. (0.5%) ^x

2x10 ~ ⁴ moles 10 ~ "mol 2x10" ⁴ moles 10 ~ ⁴ moles inok. sec. infiz. Bl.

Control (K) 100

Preparation alone compared to K 100

Lysolectihin 1 mmol alone compared to K 90 combination compared to K 90

Combination versus preparation 90

Combination versus lysolecithin 100 * molar data not possible, as substance mixture

100 100 100 100 100 103 22 +++ 62 +++ 97 ' 111 ' 90 82+ 82+ 90 ' 114 87 13 +++ 44 +++ 103 ' 86+ 87 59 ' 71 " 105 ' 75 +++ 97 16 +++ 54 ++ 114 ' 77 +++

Claims (2)

claims: Process for the potentiation of antiphytoviral pesticides, characterized in that 1-substituted 2-alkylglycero-3-phosphocholines of the general formula in which R ¹ , H, alkyl and aralkyl and n7bis21 are added to antiphytoviral preparations, wherein the molar ratios may vary depending on the virus-host combination between 10 °: 1 and 10 ~ ³ : 1. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the combination partners are combined in a preparation or that separate preparations are combined prior to application to the plants in tank mixes, wherein the respective preparations in addition to the active compounds according to the invention also surfactants, adhesives and / or more Formulating agent included. Field of application of the invention The invention relates to a method for increasing the effect of antiphytoviral compounds to be used as pesticides. Given the large yield losses caused by viruses in many agricultural and horticultural crops, e.g. are produced in potato, sugar beet, tomato, tobacco and many legumes, it is urgently necessary, the so-called classic, mostly indirect measures of virus control, to which z. Selection of diseased plants, control of virus carriers and quarantine measures must be complemented by highly effective antiphytoviral chemotherapy to achieve higher and more stable yields. Characteristic of the known technical solutions In recent years, a larger number of preparations have been found or developed that inhibit the multiplication of plant viruses. These include analogs of purine and pyrimidine bases or of corresponding nucleosides and nucleotides, antibiotics from microorganisms or higher plants, polyanions, substituted triazines and hydrogenated triazines, ureas and carbamates, thioureas, guanidines, certain compounds with azine structure, thiadiazoles and oxazoles. An overview of this is u.a. in the patent DD-PS 157662 given. In addition, antiphytoviral alkyl and aryl sulfonates (DD 216610 A1 of 19.12.1984), α-benzylthiocarbonylimino compounds (DD 221911 A1 of 8.5.1985), alkyl lysophospholipids (DD 222491 A1 of 22.5.1985), lipid extracts and from them have recently been added isolated fractions obtained in the fermentation of hydrocarbons from Hefebiomassen (WP A 01 N / 02650507 from 16.03.1984), obtained by partial hydrolysis of corresponding Phosphatidfraktionen antiphytoviral compounds (WP A 01 N / 2650515 from 9.7.84) and rhamnolipids (WP C 07 C / 2671046 of 7/9/84). However, antiphytoviral chemotherapy is still in urgent need of further development. On the one hand, even more effective preparations are desirable. In addition, each antiphytoviral compound acts against only a limited number of viruses, as has been known for a long time with fungicides and insecticides with respect to their action against harmful fungi and pest insects. Certain problem viruses are still hardly detected chemotherapeutically. Finally, due to the strong mutability of a large number of plant viruses, it is to be feared that virus forms that are very resistant to the antiviral preparations will emerge very quickly. One way to increase the effectiveness of antiphytoviral preparations and to increase the number of detected viruses while reducing the risk of the emergence of resistant viruses is the production of a synergistic effect by combining two or more antiphytoviral compounds. Examples of synergistic increase of antiphytoviral activities by Combination of various antiphytoviral preparations with 2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazines are cited in patents DD 153953 of 17.2.82 and DD 160762 of 7.3.84. The corresponding possibilities of enhancing the effects of antiphytoviral preparations, however, are far from exhausted. Object of the invention The aim of the invention is to further improve the efficacy of antiphytoviral chemotherapy and, at the same time, by mutating the viruses, to hinder the possible development of drug-resistant virus strains, and to increase the effectiveness of methods for obtaining virus-free breeding material from vegetatively propagated plants, by using suitable antiphytoviral preparations Combination are used, the synergies achieved in terms of their extent to exceed the previously found.