CS250665B2 - Method of monoolefins' polymerization or copolymerization - Google Patents
Method of monoolefins' polymerization or copolymerization Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS250665B2 CS250665B2 CS844692A CS469284A CS250665B2 CS 250665 B2 CS250665 B2 CS 250665B2 CS 844692 A CS844692 A CS 844692A CS 469284 A CS469284 A CS 469284A CS 250665 B2 CS250665 B2 CS 250665B2
- Authority
- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- titanium
- metal
- ethylene
- polymerization
- metals
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- -1 aluminium hydrocarbyl halide Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001502 inorganic halide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001883 metal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- YGLMVCVJLXREAK-MTVMDMGHSA-N 1,1-dimethyl-3-[(1S,2R,6R,7S,8R)-8-tricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decanyl]urea Chemical compound C([C@H]12)CC[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](NC(=O)N(C)C)[C@H]2C1 YGLMVCVJLXREAK-MTVMDMGHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLRVZFYXUZQSRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorohexane Chemical compound CCCCCCCl MLRVZFYXUZQSRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010389 TiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021551 Vanadium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021552 Vanadium(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006277 halobenzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RPESBQCJGHJMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentachlorovanadium Chemical class [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[V+5] RPESBQCJGHJMTK-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic chloride Chemical compound ClP=O RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011045 prefiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTJFQBNJBPPZRI-UHFFFAOYSA-J vanadium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[V](Cl)(Cl)Cl JTJFQBNJBPPZRI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- HQYCOEXWFMFWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-K vanadium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[V+3] HQYCOEXWFMFWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G1/00—Methods of preparing compounds of metals not covered by subclasses C01B, C01C, C01D, or C01F, in general
- C01G1/06—Halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/002—Compounds containing titanium, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G31/00—Compounds of vanadium
- C01G31/006—Compounds containing vanadium, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/10—Solid density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/22—Rheological behaviour as dispersion, e.g. viscosity, sedimentation stability
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/907—Specified means of reacting components of transition metal catalyst
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT25232/77A IT1080687B (it) | 1977-06-30 | 1977-06-30 | Composizioni chimiche a base di titanio trialogenuro,procedimento per la loro preparazione e loro impieghi |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS250665B2 true CS250665B2 (en) | 1987-05-14 |
Family
ID=11216073
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS844692A CS250665B2 (en) | 1977-06-30 | 1978-06-21 | Method of monoolefins' polymerization or copolymerization |
| CS784092A CS249105B2 (en) | 1977-06-30 | 1978-06-21 | Catalyst on base of titanium trihalogenide and halogenide of one or several metals |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS784092A CS249105B2 (en) | 1977-06-30 | 1978-06-21 | Catalyst on base of titanium trihalogenide and halogenide of one or several metals |
Country Status (37)
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4112079A (en) * | 1977-08-08 | 1978-09-05 | Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation | Isolation of uteroevacuant substances from plant extracts |
| IT1130243B (it) * | 1980-02-01 | 1986-06-11 | Anic Spa | Composizione chimica a base di titanio trialogenuro,metodo per la sua preparazione e processo di polimerizzazione o copolimerizzazione di composti insaturi impiegante la stessa |
| IT1210855B (it) * | 1982-02-12 | 1989-09-29 | Assoreni Ora Enichem Polimeri | Polimeri dell'etilene a struttura lineare e processi per la loro preparazione. |
| ATE135358T1 (de) * | 1990-12-27 | 1996-03-15 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Übergangsmetall-amidoverbindung und katalysatorsystem zur herstellung von isotaktischem propylen |
| FI87891C (fi) * | 1991-07-16 | 1993-03-10 | Neste Oy | Metateskatalysator foer olefiner |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3769373A (en) * | 1956-12-27 | 1973-10-30 | Ici Ltd | Polymerisation of unsaturated hydrocarbons |
| US3094568A (en) * | 1959-12-01 | 1963-06-18 | Gulf Research Development Co | Process for alkylating aromatics in the presence of a heavy metal halide, an organic halide and an organo aluminum halide |
| NL296089A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1962-08-03 | |||
| US3365434A (en) * | 1963-09-05 | 1968-01-23 | Eastman Kodak Co | Metal-reduced transition metal halide catalyst |
| US3432513A (en) * | 1964-02-12 | 1969-03-11 | Continental Oil Co | Olefin polymerization process for producing highly isotactic polymers |
| NL128168C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1965-02-10 | |||
| US3923687A (en) * | 1970-07-14 | 1975-12-02 | Chisso Corp | Process for activating catalyst component useful for polymerizing propylene |
| GR60862B (en) * | 1976-01-30 | 1978-09-01 | Snam Progetti | Process for olephines polymerization and compositions suitable for the polymerization |
| US4194992A (en) * | 1976-01-30 | 1980-03-25 | Snamprogetti, S.P.A. | Method for the polymerization of olefines and means suitable thereto |
-
1977
- 1977-06-30 IT IT25232/77A patent/IT1080687B/it active
-
1978
- 1978-05-26 ZA ZA00783026A patent/ZA783026B/xx unknown
- 1978-05-26 GB GB23606/78A patent/GB1602146A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-29 GR GR56360A patent/GR64237B/el unknown
- 1978-05-31 IN IN588/CAL/78A patent/IN150930B/en unknown
- 1978-05-31 AU AU36682/78A patent/AU519900B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-05 YU YU1337/78A patent/YU40707B/xx unknown
- 1978-06-05 MW MW15/78A patent/MW1578A1/xx unknown
- 1978-06-08 ZM ZM53/78A patent/ZM5378A1/xx unknown
- 1978-06-13 CH CH644478A patent/CH634021A5/it not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-14 IL IL54907A patent/IL54907A/xx unknown
- 1978-06-15 CA CA305,535A patent/CA1108110A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-16 US US05/915,998 patent/US4203866A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1978-06-20 TR TR20173A patent/TR20173A/xx unknown
- 1978-06-21 CS CS844692A patent/CS250665B2/cs unknown
- 1978-06-21 CS CS784092A patent/CS249105B2/cs unknown
- 1978-06-22 FR FR7818763A patent/FR2395777A1/fr active Granted
- 1978-06-23 MX MX173904A patent/MX152089A/es unknown
- 1978-06-27 ES ES471394A patent/ES471394A1/es not_active Expired
- 1978-06-27 EG EG396/78A patent/EG13528A/xx active
- 1978-06-27 PH PH21311A patent/PH14126A/en unknown
- 1978-06-28 IE IE1298/78A patent/IE47107B1/en unknown
- 1978-06-28 LU LU79888A patent/LU79888A1/xx unknown
- 1978-06-28 NO NO782234A patent/NO154698C/no unknown
- 1978-06-28 JP JP7757378A patent/JPS5413487A/ja active Granted
- 1978-06-28 PT PT68224A patent/PT68224A/pt unknown
- 1978-06-28 RO RO7894492A patent/RO75398A/ro unknown
- 1978-06-29 AT AT0473478A patent/AT375897B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-29 HU HU78SA3120A patent/HU177036B/hu unknown
- 1978-06-29 BR BR787804246A patent/BR7804246A/pt unknown
- 1978-06-29 DK DK294578A patent/DK152758C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-30 BE BE188989A patent/BE868639A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-30 AR AR272800A patent/AR223322A1/es active
- 1978-06-30 NL NLAANVRAGE7807137,A patent/NL171274C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-30 PL PL1978208048A patent/PL120641B1/pl unknown
- 1978-06-30 DD DD78206442A patent/DD138664A5/xx unknown
- 1978-06-30 PL PL1978216374A patent/PL113508B1/pl unknown
- 1978-06-30 SE SE7807430A patent/SE443775B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-30 DE DE2828953A patent/DE2828953C2/de not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-09-25 US US06/078,899 patent/US4297462A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1982
- 1982-08-27 IN IN1002/CAL/82A patent/IN155476B/en unknown
- 1982-11-22 YU YU02595/82A patent/YU259582A/xx unknown
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