CN87108238A - 熔接热塑性树脂的方法 - Google Patents

熔接热塑性树脂的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN87108238A
CN87108238A CN198787108238A CN87108238A CN87108238A CN 87108238 A CN87108238 A CN 87108238A CN 198787108238 A CN198787108238 A CN 198787108238A CN 87108238 A CN87108238 A CN 87108238A CN 87108238 A CN87108238 A CN 87108238A
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China
Prior art keywords
adherend
welding
thermoplastic resin
electrode
frequency induction
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CN198787108238A
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English (en)
Inventor
二川准
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Nippon Glass Co (jp) Osaka Japan
Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd
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Nippon Glass Co (jp) Osaka Japan
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Publication of CN87108238A publication Critical patent/CN87108238A/zh
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/04—Dielectric heating, e.g. high-frequency welding, i.e. radio frequency welding of plastic materials having dielectric properties, e.g. PVC
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

一种用高频焊机熔接热塑性树脂的方法，它包括下列步骤：在高频焊机的电极之间置入一种用以产生热量的发热物及一种由热塑性树脂制成的，当使用高频波时不熔化的被粘物，然后在电极之间产生高频波。本发明的方法可以熔接那些介电损耗低的不能用高频机熔接的热塑性树脂。

Description

本发明涉及一种熔接热塑性树脂的方法，特别是关于用高频焊机熔接热塑性树脂的方法，这种方法能够熔接那些用高频焊机以惯用的方法不能进行熔接的热塑性树脂。
至于不能用高频焊机进行熔接的具有低介电损耗的热塑性树脂的惯用熔接方法，迄今通常知道的有使用脉冲热合机的熔接法，使用热金属模的熔接法和使用超声发生器的熔接法。
用脉冲热合机的熔接法是这样一种方法，将电流接到表面平滑的金属加热电阻上，将电阻器加热，产生的热将含热塑性树脂作为主要成份的薄片或薄膜以线状或带状互相熔接在一起。这一方法的优点是加热的电阻的温度易于调节。然而，上述方法有一缺点，例如，当把一根硬度低的管子插到两片被粘物之间，并将管子和薄片熔接时，管子往往会发生形变，管子和薄片间的界面不能被完全封住，因此产生了漏隙。
用热金属模的熔接法是这样一种方法，将金属模加热，所产生的热把热塑性树脂被粘物熔接在一起。这一方法的优点是，加工制作金属模使之适合于被粘物的形状，便可熔接各种形状的被粘物。然而，因为热金属模的温度受环境温度的影响，而且随着重复上述熔接方法温度有时降低，这样就难于控制金属模的温度。例如，如果金属模的温度升得太高，则被粘物会熔化、变形并出现外观缺陷。而当金属模的温度低时，则需长时间去熔接被粘物，结果是生产率变低了，或者有时被粘物间的熔接不完全和不均匀，即有时会产生有缺陷的熔接。
用超声发生器的熔接方法是这样一种方法，将超声波发生器产生的超声波传送到热塑性树脂被粘物，被粘物在其界面处被加热，并因超声波的振动能而熔接在一起。这一方法的优点是，不产生由于熔接而引起的外观缺陷，因为仅仅是被粘物的界面才被熔接，而且被粘物易被熔接在一起，因为被粘物不是直接加热的。然而，这一方法也有缺点，由软材料如聚丁二烯、低密度聚乙烯及苯乙烯-丁二烯弹性体制成的被粘物不能被超声波加热及熔化，故这一方法不能用于由软材料制成的被粘物。此外，注射袋和血袋对于粘附于其上的微粒，对形状、材料、性能等等均有特别严格的规定，它们需要有高度的安全性，如果它们用超声波发生器来制造，常常会由于超声波震动而在容器表面产生这种微粒，因而需要花费大量的劳动去除掉这些微粒。另外，当熔接被粘物时，由于熔融的被粘物流出，故有时生成毛口。
众所周知，很多种乙烯类聚合物材料，如聚烯烃不太适于高频封接。上述惯用的组装方法还不能制造具有足够强度的以聚烯烃为基的聚合物血袋。
因此，正如美国专利说明书US    4191231所披露的，血袋迄今是用下面的方法生产的，即挤压要模压材料的管状型坯，并密封型坯的外端;用较低的气压把型坯吹起;关闭模具的模室;封接型坯以形成柔软的可折叠的袋子，这包括利用模具，在侧面从型坯的侧边向中心形成袋子的密封线。
如上所述，虽然至今已知道了各种熔接热塑性树脂的方法，但可以方便地、均匀地和稳固地熔接那些不能用高频焊机以惯用方式来熔接的热塑性树脂的方法，尚未开发出来。
本发明者已进行了研究以解决上述问题，并开发了一种方法，它可以方便地、均匀地和稳固地熔接那些不能用高频焊机熔接的热塑性树脂，例如聚烯烃系列树脂和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂。由于他的研究，最终发现了上述方法并完成了本发明。
本发明的这些和其它目的将通过下面的叙述变得更清楚。
根据本发明，提供了一种用高频焊机进行热塑性树脂的熔接方法，它包括下述步骤：在高频焊机的电极之间，放入一种用以产生热量的发热物及一种由热塑性树脂制成的、当使用高频波时不熔化的被粘物，然后在电极之间产生高频波。
图1至图8是解释根据本发明熔接热塑性树脂的方法的附图。
图9是由本发明的实施例30所得到的带一个口的注射袋的透视图。
图10是由本发明的实施例31所得到的血袋的透视图。
本发明的方法是一种高频焊机熔接热塑性树脂的新颖方法，这在现有技术中是未预料到的，因为具有低介电损耗的热塑性树脂不能用高频焊机熔接。本发明的方法第一次使得下面的事情变得可能了，即不能被高频焊机熔接到一起的由具有低介电损耗的热塑性树脂组成的被粘物能被容易地、均匀地和稳固地熔接了。此外，根据本发明的方法，因为被粘物在短时间内（约3至10秒）内被熔接到一起，因此可以说本发明的方法在大规模生产方面是极好的。
根据本发明的方法，不能被高频波熔接的由热塑性树脂制成的被粘物可以被熔接了，其方法是，将用高频焊机加热的发热物与被粘物播放在高频焊机的电极之间，然后在电极之间产生高频波。
用作使用高频波时产生热的发热物材料的例子是树脂，如聚酰胺、聚酰胺-酰亚胺、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚氨酯、乙酰纤维素、醋酸乙烯酯含量为8-35重量%的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，或含氯的氟聚合物，如聚氯三氟乙烯，特等纸板、棉布等等。此外，若发热物需要具有热阻，可以使用例如纤维增强树脂，如玻璃纤维增强尼龙、玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯和玻璃纤维增强聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯;交联树脂，如交联聚氯乙烯或交联的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物;或含氯的合成橡胶，如氯丁橡胶、表氯醇橡胶、氯磺化聚乙烯或氯化聚乙烯。上述的发热物中，软的氯乙烯树脂和含氯合成橡胶可优先使用，因为软的氯乙烯树脂很柔软、便宜和可以任意处理，而且含氯合成橡胶可反复使用。
发热物的形状可以根据被粘物的形状适当地选择，并可以呈任何形状，如平板状或圆柱状等等。再者，如果必要，具有所需形状的金属模可以放到高频焊机的电极上，而发热物则安装在金属模上。
作为被粘物用树脂，可举出介电损耗低的热塑性树脂（它不能被高频焊机熔接），如：聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁二烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯弹性体、聚苯乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物或乙烯的共聚物。然而，本发明不限于上述的例子，其它具有低介电损耗的热塑性树脂也可使用。如果乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物被用来作为乙烯共聚物，其中醋酸乙烯酯的含量最好不大于6重量%。
在本发明中，任何类型的高频焊机都可使用，只要是焊接具有高介电损耗的热塑性树脂时常用的高频焊机。而且本发明并不受焊机的型号或种类所限制。所需的高频焊机的频率和功率不能绝对地确定，因为熔接被粘物的条件取决于被粘物的尺寸和种类。一般来说，焊机的频率和功率最好分别适当地控制在10至100兆赫和50瓦至100千瓦的范围。
在高频焊机的电极之间放入发热物的目的是，当高频电波加到电极间时，使发热物被加热，从而使被粘物熔接。已经知道，被高频波加热的被粘物热量正比于介电常数和介电损耗正切，而且将被粘物加热时介电损耗正切增加。因而，被粘物可以用高频焊机进行熔接，因为当被粘物的介电损耗正切大量增加时，除发热物的热量外，被粘物的介电损耗也增大。
在本发明中，可使用放在电极间的、具有各种结构的发热物，这些结构的例子用下面的附图予以解释。
图1和图2是解释本发明熔接法的实施例的示意图。片状的发热物3和4放在电极1和2之间，而片状被粘物5和6则放在发热物3和4之间。
在图1中，若被粘物5和6能容易地被由发热物3和4二者之一所产生的热所熔接，则可仅使用发热物3和4中的一个。然而，如果需要增加所产生的热的热量和缩短熔接的时间，则最好同时使用3和4两个发热物。
结构如图1所示的发热物3和4以及被粘物5和6被电极1和2轻轻压迫（如图2所示），这样，当被粘物5和6熔接在一起时，被粘物5和6就不会被电极1和2折断或弄破。然后，在电极1和2之间产生高频波，发热物3和4被加热，因此被粘物5和6被加热并被联接成为一个整体。在电极1和2之间产生高频波以便熔接被粘物5和6所需的时间不能绝对地确定，因为这一时间取决于发热物和被粘物的种类和厚度，也取决于高频波的功率和频率。例如，如果用0.3毫米厚的软聚氯乙烯膜作为发热物3和4，用0.2毫米厚的低密度聚乙烯膜作为被粘物5和6，用功率4千瓦，频率46兆赫的高频焊机，在电极1和2之间加200伏的电压和0.3安的电流，被粘物5和6熔接的宽度为5毫米，长度为200毫米，则需5秒钟把被粘物5和6联成一个整体。这表明，本发明的熔接法可以在很短的时间内熔接被粘物。
图3是解释本发明熔接法的另一实施例的示意图，在实施例中，把事先做成所需形状的发热物3和4放在安装于电极上的金属模7和8中，然后，把片状的被粘物5和6，以及在其中心位置插有园柱状金属模10的管状被粘物9放置在发热物3和4之间。在图3中，被粘物5、6和9被加热，并熔接成为一个整体，方法如下：用金属模7和8轻压发热物3和4，以及被粘物5、6和9，并在两金属模7和8之间产生高频波以生成如图4所示的熔接产品。
把按上述方法制得的熔接产品11从金属模7和8中取出，并将金属模10从熔接产品11中移走后，即得到如图5所示形状的产品。
在本发明的熔接方法中，因为发热物和被粘物是不同的，故被粘物被熔接时，发热物与被粘物不会被熔接在一起。因而，被粘物被熔接成为一个整体后，发热物能容易地从被粘物中分离出来。
图6是解释本发明的熔接法的另一实施例的示意图。在该实施例中片状被粘物5和6放在电极1和2之间，而埋有发热物12的被粘物13则放在被粘物5和6之间，在图6中，被粘物5、6和13被加热并被熔接成为一个整体，其方法是：安置好电极1和2，为了缩短电极1和2之间的距离，用电极1和2轻压被粘物5、6和13，然后在电极1和2之间产生高频波以生成如图7所示的熔接产品。
也可采用重复熔接被粘物的加工法，发热物3和4可安装在电极上或金属模7和8上，如图8所示。在这种情况下，当用树脂作为发热物时，最好用热阻极好的树脂，例如上述的纤维增强树脂，如玻璃纤维增强尼龙、玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯或玻璃纤维增强聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯;交联树脂，如交联聚氯乙烯或交联的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物;含氯合成橡胶，如氯丁橡胶、表氯醇橡胶或氯磺化聚乙烯。
根据本发明的方法，能够制造性能极好的袋子，例如医用容器（如流体容器或保存动物体液的容器）。
本发明用下面的实施例进行更具体的描述和解释。但是应该明白，本发明不受这些实施例所限，在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，本发明可进行各种变动和修改。
实施例1
在实施例1中使用一种高频焊机（Queen    Light    Electronic    Industries    Ltd.，型号LWH    4060    SB，功率：4千瓦、频率：46兆赫），两片软聚氯乙烯膜（厚度：0.3毫米）用作高频焊机电极之间的发热物。将用作被粘物的迭加在一起的两片苯乙烯-丁二烯弹性体（MK树脂，Dainippon    Plastics    Co    Ltd.厚度：0.25毫米）插入发热物中间。在电极上加200伏电压和0.3安的电流，同时发热物和被粘物被电极轻轻地压着，这样进行熔接，并在宽5毫米、长200毫米的区域内将被粘物粘成一体。熔接需5秒钟。
所得的两片乙烯-丁二烯弹性体的粘合膜的熔接区是透明的、均匀的且无不平整现象。
然后，测量所获得膜的熔接区的撕裂强度。测得值高达5.4公斤/15毫米宽，这证实，熔接后的膜可实际应用，如做食品袋。
实施例2
用与实施例1相同的方式（唯被粘物改为厚度是0.2毫米的低密度聚乙烯膜）进行熔接，获得粘合膜。
所得的粘合膜的熔接区是透明的，均匀的且无不平整现象。
然后，测量所获得膜的熔接区的撕裂强度，测得值高达5.2公斤/15毫米宽，这证实，熔接后的膜强度可以经受类似实施例1所获得熔接膜的实际使用的考验。
实施例3～29
用与实施例1相同的方式（唯用作被粘物的材料品种改为如表1所示的材料），获得粘合膜。每一己熔接的膜均具有极好的外观，熔接时间在3至10秒之间，这意味着熔接时间是很短的。所得结果列于表1。
Figure 87108238_IMG2
Figure 87108238_IMG4
Figure 87108238_IMG5
Figure 87108238_IMG6
Figure 87108238_IMG7
Figure 87108238_IMG8
实施例30
使用一个在实施例1中所用的高频焊机。在高频焊机的电极之间放上两片软聚氯乙烯膜（膜厚0.3毫米）作为发热物。用作被粘物的聚乙烯充气膜（膜厚0.2毫米）的一端插入到发热物之间。在电极上加200伏电压和0.3安电流，同时用电极轻轻地压住发热器和被粘物，这样被粘物端部在宽5毫米、长200毫米的区域内就被熔接而粘合在一起了。
然后，将插有金属模的由聚乙烯制的管状小口（内径15毫米、外径18毫米）插到充气膜的另一端中，之后又把充气膜和管状小口插到具有所需形状的电极模之间。接着，把200伏电压和0.3安电流接到电极模上，小口和膜即熔接在一起，得到一个有注射口的袋子（容积500毫升）。图9是所得到的有注射口的袋子的透视图。在图9中，数字14是小口，15是有注射口的袋子。
具有注射口的袋子的熔接区是透明的、均匀的和规整的。
然后，向有注射口的袋子导入空气，进行气压试验（空气压力：0.7公斤/厘米2）结果证明，观察不到有泄漏或任何其它异常现象。更进一步，向有注射口的袋子中加入500毫升水，并从一米高处落下，然而未观察到任何损伤（例如破裂）。
实施例31
使用一个在实施例1中所使用的高频焊机。将两片用作发热物的厚度0.4毫米的软聚氯乙烯膜，放到高频焊机所提供的具有规定形状的电极模中，然后在两片软聚氯乙烯片之间插入两片由Dainippon    plastics    Co.，Ltd，以MK树脂Mk-3s为商品名提供的以苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（以下称作SEBS）弹性体制成的薄片，再将由SEBS弹性体制成的两根内径为5毫米外径为7毫米的管子和一根内径3毫米、外径4.5毫米的采集血液的管子放在两薄片之间，在电极模上加200伏电压和0.3安的电流，把薄片、小口的盖和采集血液的管子粘合成一体，约需7秒钟。
随后，未熔接的迭加的两薄片以与上述相同的方法在周边熔接约7秒钟，得到一个容积为230毫升的血袋。图10是所制得血袋的透视图。在图10中，数字17是覆盖膜管16的小口盖，18是血袋、19是采集血液的管子，20是采集血液的针。
随后，根据日本厚生省448号通告中所规定的聚氯乙烯血袋标准，进行漏气试验、离心试验和压力试验。试验结果见表2。
表2
试验项目    判断标准    结果
漏气试验 在0.4公斤/厘米2未观察到泄漏 合格
离心试验    以2500转/分离心20分钟后，
未观察到内装的液体有泄漏    合格
压力试验 在0.7公斤/厘米2未观察到内装
液体有泄漏    合格
从表2的结果可以明显看出，由实施例31所制得的袋子达到由聚氯乙烯制的血袋的标准。
如上所述，本发明的熔接热塑性树脂的方法能在短时间内不费力地和均匀地熔接那些介电损耗低，据认为不可能用高频焊机进行熔接的热塑性树脂。而且，本发明的熔接方法可把由硬度小的热塑性树脂制的插于两片被粘物薄片之间的小口与这两片被粘物薄片均匀而又牢固地熔接起来，小口不弯曲也无裂缝产生。此外，根据本发明，在形状、材料或性质方面有严格规定的，有高安全性要求的袋子，如有注射口的袋子或者医用液体或动物体液的储存容器，可容易地生产了。
还有，根据本发明的熔接方法，不必使用大号的金属模，就可以把容器，例如聚丙烯容器（它们通常用吹塑法制造）在短时间内生产出来。
除了实施例中已使用过的成份外，其它的成份也可用于说明书中上述的实施例中以获得基本相同的效果。

Claims (8)

1、一种用高频焊机熔接热塑性树脂的方法，它包括下列步骤：在高频焊机的电极之间放入一种用以产生热量的发热物及一种由热塑性树脂制成的、当使用高频波时不熔化的被粘物，然后在电极之间产生高频波。
2、权利要求1的方法，其中所说的被粘物置于两个发热物之间。
3、权利要求2的方法，其中所说的被粘物包括两片薄膜和一个插在两片薄膜之间的小入口。
4、权利要求3的方法，其中所说的被粘物被熔接成一个袋子。
5、权利要求4的方法，其中所说的袋子是一种医用容器。
6、权利要求5的方法，其中所说的医用容器是盛医用流体的容器或保存动物体液的容器。
7、权利要求1的方法，其中所说的发热物包含一种选自下列的材料：聚酰胺、聚酰胺-酰亚胺、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚氨酯、乙酰纤维素、氯丁橡胶、表氯醇橡胶、氯磺化聚乙烯、含氯的氟聚合物、氯化聚乙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（其醋酸乙烯酯的含量为8～35重量%）、特等纸板和棉布。
8、权利要求1的方法，其中所说的被粘物包含一种选自下列的材料：聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁二烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯弹性体、聚苯乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物和乙烯的共聚物。
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GB2198082A (en) 1988-06-08
JPS63139726A (ja) 1988-06-11
FR2607437B1 (fr) 1990-06-29
GB8727668D0 (en) 1987-12-31
GB2198082B (en) 1990-12-12
JPH0356890B2 (zh) 1991-08-29
US4950347A (en) 1990-08-21
IT1223389B (it) 1990-09-19
FR2607437A1 (fr) 1988-06-03

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