CN86102435A - 显示装置和显示方法 - Google Patents

显示装置和显示方法 Download PDF

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CN86102435A
CN86102435A CN86102435.4A CN86102435A CN86102435A CN 86102435 A CN86102435 A CN 86102435A CN 86102435 A CN86102435 A CN 86102435A CN 86102435 A CN86102435 A CN 86102435A
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display
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buses
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CN1024724C (zh
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永田清一
堀田定吉
武田悦夫
宫田豊
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09FDISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3674Details of drivers for scan electrodes
    • G09G3/3677Details of drivers for scan electrodes suitable for active matrices only
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3648Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3648Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
    • G09G3/3659Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix the addressing of the pixel involving the control of two or more scan electrodes or two or more data electrodes, e.g. pixel voltage dependant on signal of two data electrodes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3685Details of drivers for data electrodes
    • G09G3/3688Details of drivers for data electrodes suitable for active matrices only
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/02Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
    • G09G2310/0264Details of driving circuits
    • G09G2310/0297Special arrangements with multiplexing or demultiplexing of display data in the drivers for data electrodes, in a pre-processing circuitry delivering display data to said drivers or in the matrix panel, e.g. multiplexing plural data signals to one D/A converter or demultiplexing the D/A converter output to multiple columns
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2330/00Aspects of power supply; Aspects of display protection and defect management
    • G09G2330/08Fault-tolerant or redundant circuits, or circuits in which repair of defects is prepared

Abstract

本发明是一种显示装置,在这种装置中把传输显示信号的第一组总线(A1-C2)和传输扫描信号的第二组总线(V1-Vm)配置成矩阵,在这两组总线的交点上设置显示单元,在第一组或第二组总线的各总线间设置自由通断的开关元件(20-31),当任一总线断路时,使开关元件导通,从其它总线向断路的总线提供信号。

Description

显示装置和显示方法
本发明是一种显示装置,特别指矩阵型显示装置。
矩阵型显示装置在行电极总线和场电极总线的交点上设置显示单元,这种显示装置的特点是能够平板化。但是,当总线断路时,连接于这条总线上的显示单元就不工作了,出现显示线缺陷。对显示装置来说,这种显示线缺陷是致命的缺陷,如果总线中有一条断路,这台显示装置就只能变成废品了。为了减小总线断路的影响,发表了以下的先有技术。
1、设置两条传输同一信号的总线
为了校正缺陷,重复必要的功能,即对于出现缺陷的部分提供备份。作为断路的对策是制作辅助的备用线。把各总线重复设置两条的方法有日本公开说明书“特开昭56-90497号”、“特开昭56-153588号”、“特开昭56-153589号”,这些是众所周知的。
2、把两种总线材料迭层
例如,在薄膜晶体管(TFT)驱动的液晶显示装置中,把传输扫描信号的总线材料和传输显示信号的总线材料迭层,在迭层部分即使有一种总线材料出了缺陷,还能用另一种材料来保证导通。
3、设置两个向总线提供信号的驱动部分
在“特开昭56-153587号”中公开了这种方法。如果显示装置的显示部分和驱动部分能够一体化和集成化,这种方法是特别有效的,但是,如果必须把驱动部分和显示部分分开制作然后再把这两部分连接起来时,需要组装的点数就大大增加了。
当矩阵型显示装置要显示的象素数目很大时,总线断路的影响的确是个严重的问题。为了减轻这个问题,设计出各种方法。在上述第一个先有技术实施例中,设置了本来不需要的备用总线。因此,在透射型显示装置中,透光部分的面积(即开口率)减小了,使显示变暗。第二个先有技术实施例是设法抑制断路的出现。为此,必须设置使两种料材接触起来的接触孔,如果考虑能够加工的最小宽度,就必须使总线本身很宽,这也会使开口率下降。另外,在TFT部分中,把两种材料迭层在原理上是不可能的,对于这部分中的断路问题,这种方法就完全没有效果了。在采用把显示部分和驱动部分一体化和集成化的特殊材料时,第三个先有技术实施例特别有效。如果考虑到有关电路必须处理的信号频率,则须限定采用电子迁移率相当大的材料作为薄膜晶体管材料,通常采用的有非晶硅和多晶硅等,这种材料虽然能够制成显示部分的TFT,但是,从材料性能来看现在还不能制成包括信号处理的驱动部分。因此,在采用这种材料时,必须把驱动部分和显示部分分开制作然后再把这两部分连接起来,这时需要连接的点数(即组装点数)就大大增加了。
本发明是鉴于这样的问题才提出来的,其目的是提供一种很难发生显示线缺陷的显示装置,在这种装置中利用简易的组成,即使总线出现断路点时,也能在对应的显示单元上加入应该显示的正确信号。
图1为本发明显示装置的组成详图,图2为组成示意图,图3示出定时图,根据本发明成品率的统计概率,图4a示出信号总线断路的影响(N=1-先有技术实施例,N=2-本发明),图4b示出扫描总线断路的影响。
本发明是一种显示装置,为了解决上述问题,在这种装置中具有传输显示信号的第一组总线和传输扫描信号的第二组总线,在这两组总线的交点上设置显示单元,由任一总线端提供信号,能够从这条总线向另一条总线传输,在这两条总线之间设置自由通断的开关,能够把若干条总线连接起来,进而在各总线上同时设置这种开关,把信号加到总线上去。
根据本发明,利用上述组成,即使在特定总线上存在断路点时,也能从没有断路点的其它总线迂回地传输信号,从而在各显示单元上加入正确的显示信号。因此,即使是属于总线有断路点的那些显示单元,也能用显示信号正确地驱动,这样就抑制了显示线缺陷的出现。
实施例1
图2示出本发明一个实施例中的主要部分。图1示出比图2更为详细的组成。把TFT驱动的液晶显示板1、提供显示信号的H(行)驱动器2、提供扫描信号的V(场)驱动器3,用虚线区划开来。图3示出图1实施例中控制信号波形的定时图。
图1和图2中,1是用TFT驱动的液晶显示板,1上的显示单元由TFT10~19……阵组成,这种阵是以非晶硅和氮化硅为主要材料,利用等离子气体化学气相淀积(CVD)法制成的。但是,在本显示板1中与先有技术不同之点是,把显示信号总线两端的开关TFT20~31和扫描信号一端的TFT40~49(TV1~TV10)等,加在显示单元TFT10~19上,而TFT20~31、40~49等是在各总线及其两侧的总线之间同时制作出来的(但是,TFT20~31、40~49这类开关TFT,没有必要在显示信号和扫描信号这两种总线上同时制作,即使只在一种信号总线上制作出来,也能获得本发明的效果)。以下说明本发明利用这些开关TFT和新的驱动方法进行工作的细节。
1、图象显示信号的传输:H驱动器
(参照图1和图3)
送到H驱动器2的视频输入信号,在信号取样电路50中取样,在对应于一行(1H)象素的几个存储器(Ma1、Mb1、Mc1、Ma2、Mb2、Mc2等)中存储。输出定时脉冲系列P、Q、R,以及输出控制栅系列Ta、Tb、Tc,利用输出定时转换器60可以任意加以组合,而这些系列都把单位扫描时间(1H)N(此处,N=3)等分了。从输出放大器,按照时序,每隔把一行N等分了的时间,输出每隔重复系数N(=3)而汇集起来的各个图象信号。另外,在TFT阵内,把开关TFT20~31等连接到各条显示信号总线的两端。利用P、Q、S信号所连接的控制系列Ga、Gb、Gc,对TFT20~31等进行通断控制,而P、Q是送到接收定时转换器70的输入信号,S是在行消隐期外电平处于“1”的信号。还有,在输出和接收定时转换中,Ta与Ga、Tb与Gb、Tc与Gc分别同步,把这些信号连接到P、Q、R、S上。
现在考虑在图1所示显示信号总线Ai(A1、A2……)组、Bi(B1、B2……)组、Ci(C1、C2……)组中,总线A1、B1上的“×”号为断路点,而信号总线Ci组无缺陷、无断路的情况。此时,在输出和接收定时转换器中,把TFT的栅系列Gc与S、Tc与R连接起来(P、Q与Ta、Tb的连接可以任意组合,此处P与Ta、Q与Tb连接),利用那个TFT控制通往无缺陷总线组Ci的信号传输。这样,在单位扫描时间(1H)内,先输出存储器内的信号Ma1,接着输出Mb1,最后输出唯一无缺陷、无断路总线组的信号Mc1
在阵内,把栅系列Gc连接于常时为“1”的信号S上,因此,与这个栅系列Gc连接的TFT(24、25、30、31等),常时为ON(导通),而Gc是用来控制唯一无缺陷总线Ci组两端TFT的。在1H的最初20微秒内,当传送Ma组的显示信号时,由Ga控制的总线A1组两端的TFT(20、21、26、27等)也同时变成ON。由于Ma1的图象  显示信号通过开关20、21、24、25,在A1、C1两条总线上环路传送,对于断路点“×”号的上方,Ma1信号能够传送到象素TFT10的输入端;对于“×”号的下方,Ma1信号能够传送到象素TFT19的输入端,而TFT10、19都连接于总线A1上。与这段时间对应的扫描象素TFT把信号存储于象素存储电容器内。最初的20微秒结束时,Ga变成“0”,Ai两端的TFT(20、21、26、27等)变成OFF(断开)。在总线Ai组各显示单元的存储电容器上,保持存储信号的电压。
在下一个20微秒中,Bi、Ci产生同样的动作。
在最后的20微秒中,只有连接于Ci上的TFT(24、2530、31等)变成ON。因此,这时没有环状的信号传输通路。但因总线Ci无缺陷,所以来自Mc的信号在整个总线上都能直接传送。最后的20微秒结束时,V的扫描脉冲变成“0”,象素TFT断开。这样,象素显示信号利用象素电容器保持一帧时间。
另外,上面虽然说明了栅系列Gc常时处于“1”电平,但是,如果开关TFT(20~31等)的栅一漏电容使栅脉冲的直接耦合电压对于在相应总线上传输的图象信号产生了不可忽略的影响时,在最后20微秒结束,V扫描脉冲即将变成“0”平之前,最好使栅系列Gc在极短时间内处于“0”电平。
如上所述,本发明在总线Ai、Bi、Ci、组内,使无缺陷总线两端的TFT常时为ON,形成了信号的迂回通路。因此,如果Ci无缺陷,即使Ai、Bi中每条总线都存在一个断路点,也没有妨碍。同样,如果Ai组无缺陷,使Ai组总线两端的开关TFT常时为ON,即使在Bi、Ci中每条总线都存在一个断路点,也可以不出故障。输出和接收定时转换,根据从画面观察不出缺陷来决定定时组合即可。
2、扫描信号的传输:V驱动器
象素TFT的栅信号(在扫描信号总线V1~Vm上所加的扫描脉冲),宽度为2H,相邻上、下总线的扫描脉冲在时间上相互重复1H。扫描信号总线的另一端连接于TFT40~49上,利用每隔一个TFT重复1H的脉冲和
Figure A8610243500091
,来控制TFT40~49的ON—CFF
现在看图1中扫描信号总线V1的后半行。这时总线V2也处于“1”电平,而且由于是“1”,所以TV1的TFT40为ON。因此,即使在扫描总线V1上存在一个断路点,扫描信号也能从V2经过TV1的TFT传送过去。这时,传送总线V1的图象显示信号。总线V1的后半行结束时,TV1的TFT40也变成OFF,切断了从总线V2到V1的迂回通路.因此,不论在扫描信号总线V1上有(只有一个)、无断路点,正确的控制信号都能通过直接通路或迂回通路而传送过去。
实施例2
利用主要材料为多晶硅和氧化硅的TFT阵,组成图1和图2中以TFT驱动的液晶显示板1。但是,本显示板与实施例1不同之点是,在开关TFT20~31、40~49中,至少在显示信号总线端上的开关TFT20~31是用互补型Pn材料制成的。借此来减轻当利用实施例1来显示具有灰度等级的图象时,在TFT两端的信号电压降问题。
如上所述,本发明在显示部分外围设置了简单的切换电路,来控制信号的迂回传送,使信号能够重复地加到总线上去,即使在总线上存在断路点,也能把本来应该显示的信号正确地传输到相应的显示象素。这样,在应该显示的位置上就能进行正确的显示了。从而防止了在图象显示装置中是致命缺陷的总线断路问题。根据上述,把显示装置的成品率迅速提高后,就能廉价地、大量地提供显示装置了。
而且当把本发明的显示装置和外围电路连接起来时,在组装方面具有组装点数少,组装距离大,因而组装可靠性大幅度增加的优点。另外,还具有驱动显示装置所需要的IC(集成电路)数量少和材料价格低的优点。
以下进一步详述这些效果。
1、成品率提高
以下详述根据统计考察,采用本发明时成品率提高的概率和上述的附加效果。
在先有技术的单纯行顺序矩阵显示装置中,即使在总线组  内存在一个断路点,就会出现显示线缺陷,这台显示装置就只能变成废品了。根据以上论述,本发明可以大大减小断路的影响。对此,以下进行统计的论述。
(1)源总线断路的影响
把重复系数广义化,定义为N(整数)。把总条数为n的总线分成N组。存在断路点的r条源总线分布于这N个组内。如果在这N组内有一组无缺陷,则根据以上论述能够防止断路的影响。先有技术的单纯行顺序方式,对应于重复系数N=1。本发明对应于N>2。
这对应于在N个盒内装入r个球时,一个盒是空的概率。
(2)栅总线断路的影响
在图象上不出现显示线缺陷的条件是,连续两条总线不得同时存在断路点。现在考虑具有240条扫描总线的显示装置,假定在这些总线中,在S条总线上存在断路点。这种情况对应于在240个盒内装入S个小球时,连续两个盒没有装入球的概率。
图4示出在本发明和先有技术的单纯行顺序方式中,总线断路点数与合格品率的不同。根据上述统计考察所获得的结果,图4a示出源总线断路的影响,图4b示出栅总线断路的影响。
2、对于组装的效果
如图1所示,H驱动器和TFT阵的连接点数为(n/N)+3。这反过来表明,组装距离变成N倍。现在考虑5英寸型高密度显示板,这种显示板显示640组(每组3个点)点,利用先有技术,组装距离为50微米。即使只考虑H驱动器,组装点数也有1920个。利用本发明,组装点数为先有技术的1/3就可以解决,因此能够保证组装距离是先有技术的3倍,即1150微米。从保证组装可靠性的观点来看,上述组装点数减少和组装密度下降都是非常有利的。
3、材料价格:驱动IC数量的减少
象H驱动器那样,IC的内部电路结构很简单,所需要的IC片数由输入和输出端子数来决定。因此,如上所述,本实施例的输出电路数量减至1/3,就是说与先有技术相比,所需要的H驱动器数量取1/3即可。因此,本发明具有使材料价格也降低的优点。
综上所述,可以预期的全都效果是,显示装置本身的成品率能够迅速提高,包括组装在内的可靠性也能提高,以及材料价格的降低等。这样,就能廉价地、大量地提供显示装置了。
在本发明的上述实施例中,虽然限于说明薄膜晶体管的材料为单晶硅和多晶硅,但是,也能采用其它单晶和多晶半导体材料。另外,虽然限于说明在显示部分外围设置开关TFT,但是,如果必要,这种TFT也能设置于显示画面部分上。还有,上述实施例虽然是用液晶显示板说明的,但是本发明并不限于这种板,本发明当然适用于以矩阵驱动的其它一般场致发光的显示板。
勘误表
                                                                                  CPEL865119
文件名称  页  行   补正前 补正后
说明书  12356  22122235614171   是一种指为组成根据N=2在各总线上同时设置这种开关,到场Ci上的最好 是关于一种是关于为表示本发明的显示装置的组成图4是根据N>2同时到各列GC上的Ci的也可以

Claims (11)

1、显示装置,其特征在于具有:传输显示信号的笫一组总线,传输扫描信号的笫二组总线,在所述这两组总线的交点上的显示单元,以及在所述第一组或第二组总线的各总线之间自由通断的开关。
2、根据权利要求1所述的显示装置,其特征在于从特定总线的一端传输过来的信号,能够从这条特定总线传输到其它总线,并在所述特定总线和其它总线之间的另一端具有自由通断的开关。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的显示装置,其特征在于开关是绝缘栅型晶体管。
4、根据权利要求1、2、3中任何一项所述的显示装置,其特征在于开关是由互补型晶体管组成的。
5、根据权利要求1、2、3、4中任何一项所述的显示装置,其特征在于开关是由薄膜晶体管组成的。
6、根据权利要求1、2、3、4、5中任何一项所述的显示装置,其特征在于开关是由互补型薄膜晶体管组成的。
7、根据权利要求1、2、3、4、5、6中任何一项所述的显示装置,其特征在于开关采用的材料与显示单元中薄膜晶体管所用的材料相同。
8、显示方法,其特征在于在第一组总线上传输显示信号,在第二组总线上传输扫描信号,在所述这两组总线的交点上设置显示单元并利用所述这两种信号来驱动,使得从特定总线一端传输过来的信号能够从这条特定总线传输到其它总线,对设置于所述特定总线和其它总线间的开关进行通断控制,所述同一组总线中至少在若干条总线上同时设置这种开关,把信号加到总线上去。
9、根据权利要求8所述的显示方法,其特征在于若干条总线相互邻接。
10、根据权利要求8所述的显示方法,其特征在于把显示信号等分成N(N>2)组,把单位扫描时间N等分,每隔单位扫描时间的1/N把各组信号传输到显示部分。
11、根据权利要求8或10所述的显示方法,其特征在于在N组显示信号的信号总线组中,当信号传输到存在断路点的总线组之后,再向没有断路点的总线组传输信号。
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CN1024724C (zh) 1994-05-25
US4823126A (en) 1989-04-18
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