CN204136752U - 纯电力可驱动机动车辆的、带有两个电动机器的动力传动系 - Google Patents

纯电力可驱动机动车辆的、带有两个电动机器的动力传动系 Download PDF

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CN204136752U
CN204136752U CN201290001043.6U CN201290001043U CN204136752U CN 204136752 U CN204136752 U CN 204136752U CN 201290001043 U CN201290001043 U CN 201290001043U CN 204136752 U CN204136752 U CN 204136752U
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power
electrically powered
vehicle
power train
pure electric
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D·克诺布劳赫
M·菲彻特纳
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系(1)，该动力传动系具有一个带有差速器(6)的第一车桥(2)并且具有两个电动机器(15，16)，其中该第一车桥(2)能够经由一个变速器(17)借助于这些电动机器(15，16)来被驱动。在这样的动力传动系中，根据本实用新型提供了，这两个电动机器(15，16)中的一个电动机器(16)可以借助于一个可切换式离合器(23)而与该变速器(17)脱离。在这样的动力传动系中，能以特别好的效率执行借助于该动力传动系运行的该机动车辆的不同的驱动条件。

Description

纯电力可驱动机动车辆的、带有两个电动机器的动力传动系
本实用新型涉及纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系，该动力传动系具有一个带有差速器的第一车桥并且具有两个电动机器，该第一车桥能够经由一个齿轮机构借助于这些电动机器而被驱动。
从DE60013340T2中已知了这种类型的用于电力可驱动运土车辆或用于四轮驱动式农用车辆的动力传动系。所述动力传动系具有两个电动机器，这两个电动机器在行驶方向上被安排在一个后车桥上方并且与安排在该后车桥前方的正齿轮机构相互作用。该齿轮机构通过一个轴或两个轴连接至指派给这两个车桥、即后车桥和前车桥的差速器上。
本实用新型的一个目的是提供一种有待以纯电力方式运行的机动车辆的动力传动系，借助于该动力传动系，能以特别满意的效率来对不同的行驶状态进行驱动。
这一目的是由根据专利权利要求1的这些特征所配置的一种动力传动系来实现的。
该纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系因此具有两个电动机器，可以经由一个齿轮机构借助于这些电动机器来驱动第一车桥。在此重要的是，这两个电动机器之一可以借助于一个可切换式离合器而与该齿轮机构脱离。这种使一个电动机器脱离的能力使得能够以最佳方式来管理不同的驾驶状态。例如，当第一车桥并非要以最大扭矩或最大功率输出地被驱动时，特别地仅借助于一个电动机器来驱动该第一车桥。如果这是希望的，则将第二电动机器开启。如果该动力传动系被配置成全轮驱动形式，该动力传动系因此能通过使仅一个电动机器或这两个电动机器与第一车桥相互作用并且任选地以非强制性方式连接至该机动车辆的第二车桥、特别地前车桥上来以最佳程度的效率而运行。
如果该电动机器被脱离，则可以将其关掉。
根据本实用新型的一个优选的发展，提供的是，该离合器是以强制锁定方式或非强制性方式工作的。如果该离合器是以强制锁定方式工作，则它仅能在较低转速下切换，而在以非强制性方式工作的离合器的情况下，它可以在打滑情况下、并且因此在该电动机器的从动轴与该齿轮机构的输入轴之间具有较大转速差时切换。
该动力传动系特别地用于被配置成乘用机动车的机动车辆中。所述乘用机动车辆特别地是跑车。所述特别是乘用机动车或跑车的机动车辆优选地被配置成后轮驱动车辆。因此这些电动机器被安排在该机动车辆或动力传动系的后部区域中。这些电动机器因此靠近第一后车桥。特别地提供了，所述后车桥是位于这些电动机器的前方。
然而原则上，该机动车辆可以配置成前轮驱动车辆。在此情况下，这些电动机器是位于该动力传动系的第二前车桥的区域中、特别地位于所述车桥的前方。
该动力传动系当然可以是纯电力全轮可驱动机动车辆中的一种。在此情况下，唯一必须的是在第一车桥与第二车桥之间提供传输扭矩的连接。
被指派给该动力传动系的这些车轮优选地是经由多个铰接轴独立地悬挂的。在这种情况下，该动力传动系不具有主动轴。
认为特别有利的是，这两个电动机器通过恒定的传动比彼此连接。
根据本实用新型的一个有利的变体提供的是，可以借助于这两个电动机器来驱动该齿轮机构的一个轴，并且一个锥齿轮齿接装置具有一个小齿轮和一个环齿轮，该小齿轮连接至所述齿轮机构轴上并且第一车桥的差速器能够借助于该环齿轮而被驱动。该齿轮机构优选地是一个正齿轮机构。在此情况下，当然可以给第一车桥的差速器指派一个正齿轮。
该正齿轮机构优选地具有位于这些电动机器的从动轴与第一车桥之间的一个中间轴。
由于在第一车桥和电动机器以及位于其间的正齿轮机构的区域中的这一设计，该动力传动系可以具有非常紧凑的设计。
例如，该齿轮机构具有一个输入轴，这些电动机器与该输入轴的彼此远离的两端相互作用。其次，该齿轮机构当然可以具有两个输入轴，每个输入轴被指派有一个电动机器。在根据本实用新型的背景下，这两个电动机器之一可以借助于该可切换式离合器而与该齿轮机构脱离。
该齿轮机构特别地具有用于这两个电动机器的一个共用输出轴。所述输出轴与第一车桥的差速器相互作用，由此第一车桥的两个车桥半部、并且因此被指派给第一车桥的这些车轮可以经由所述差速器而被驱动。如果该动力传动系被配置成全轮驱动形式、并且因此具有两个从动车桥，则该第二车桥具有一个差速器并且这两个车桥的差速器借助于一个轴彼此连接，这对于该机动车辆的全轮操作这个目的而言是有利的。所述轴特别地是一个铰接轴或万向轴。所述轴或万向轴当然可以指派有一个可控离合器、特别地是一个附加离合器。
将在从属权利要求、附图以及对附图中所展示的优选示例性实施例的说明中得出本实用新型的进一步的特征，而本实用新型并不局限于此。在附图中：
图1  示出了根据本实用新型的动力传动系的一个第一实施例的轮廓图示，
图2  示出了根据本实用新型的动力传动系的一个第二实施例的轮廓图示，
图3  示出了根据本实用新型的动力传动系的一个第三实施例的轮廓图示，并且
图4  示出了根据本实用新型的动力传动系的一个第四实施例的轮廓图示。
根据图1的示例性实施例展示了一种用于纯电力可驱动的机动车辆的动力传动系，该机动车辆特别地是一种乘用机动车、尤其是跑车。示出了被指派给该机动车辆的后车桥的动力传动系，并且此外还示出了该机动车辆的一个不被驱动的前车桥。
具有独立悬架装置的该动力传动系1具有第一后车桥2。相对于该机动车辆的向前行驶方向3(下文中称为行驶方向)，后车桥2具有一个车桥左区段4和一个车桥右区段5。这两个车桥区段4和5是由后车桥2的一个差速器6来驱动的。该差速器6具有一个环齿轮7。参考号8表示后车桥2的左车轮和右车轮，并且参考号9表示后车桥2的车桥区段4和5的多个轴承。后车桥2的车桥区段4和5具有铰接轴。
此外，该机动车辆具有一个第二前车桥10，该车桥是不被驱动的。所述车桥10还具有一个独立的悬架装置。前车桥10具有一个车桥左区段11和一个车桥右区段12。参考号13表示前车桥10的左车轮和右车轮，并且参考号14表示前车桥10的车桥区段11和12的这些轴承。前车桥10的车桥区段11和12同样具有铰接轴。
后车桥2可以经由一个齿轮机构17借助于两个电动机器15和16来被驱动。在此，该齿轮机构17是安排在后车桥2的后方，并且这两个电动机器15和16各自安排在行驶方向3上，并且相应电动机器15或16的、由其从动轴18代表的旋转轴线因此安排在行驶方向3上。
相应电动机器15和16的定子用参考号19表示，并且相应电动机器15和16的转子(从动轴18连接至该转子上)用参考号20表示。相应从动轴18被安装在多个轴承21中。
齿轮机构17实质上配置成一个正齿轮机构。一个被配置成正齿轮的小齿轮22固定连接至右边电动机器15的从动轴18上从而随之旋转。左边电动机器16的从动轴18通过一个可切换式离合器23、也称为分离离合器而连接至一个小齿轮24上。小齿轮22和24具有相同的节距圆和相同数量的齿。当离合器23被结合时，小齿轮24以传输扭矩的方式连接至电动机器16的从动轴18上。如果离合器23打开，则在电动机器16与小齿轮24之间不发生扭矩的传输。在此情况下，电动机器16可以被关掉。
该离合器是一个以强制锁定方式或非强制性方式工作的离合器23。如果离合器23打开，则齿轮机构17因此仅借助于电动机器15来被驱动。如果离合器23闭合，则齿轮机构17借助于电动机器15和16二者来被驱动。
被指派给这些电动机器15和16的这两个从动轴18的这些小齿轮22和24与该齿轮机构的一个共用的正齿轮25相啮合，该正齿轮25连接至一个轴26上。所述轴26被安装在多个轴承27中。一个配置成锥齿轮的小齿轮28在这个沿行驶方向3延伸的轴26的前端区域中连接至所述轴26上。所述小齿轮28与环齿轮7啮合并且因此与该环齿轮形成了一个锥齿轮齿接装置。环齿轮7因此可以经由小齿轮28来被驱动，所述环齿轮7驱动后车桥2的差速器6，由此这两个后车轮8经由车桥区段4和5而被驱动。
如果驱动该机动车辆仅要求一个显著低于这两个电动机器15和16一起考虑时的最大扭矩或最大功率输出的扭矩或功率输出，则离合器23打开而仅借助于电动机器15就足以运行该动力传动系。只有当驱动该机动车辆要求更大的扭矩或更高的功率输出时，另一个电动机器16才通过使得该离合器23闭合来开启。特别当离合器23是以非强制性方式工作时，它可以在有打滑的情况下被切换。
根据图2的实施例与根据图1的实施例的不同之处在于，这两个电动机器15和16是相对于向前行驶方向3横向地安排的，并且相应地，修改了齿轮机构17，因为该齿轮机构的这些轴同样是相对于向前行驶方向3横向地安排的。在根据图2的实施例中，为简单起见，对于构造或功能与根据图1的实施例的部件相同的部件是用相同的参考号表示的。
详细地说，图2示出，齿轮机构17和这两个电动机器15和16是安排在后车桥2的后方。因此，齿轮机构17是位于电动机器15和16与后车桥2之间。在此情况下在左边示出的电动机器15的从动轴18固定地连接至一个小齿轮29上从而随之旋转。在此情况下安排在右边的另一个电动机器16的从动轴18也固定地连接至所述小齿轮29上从而随之旋转，但所述从动轴18被指派有该可切换式离合器23。如果离合器23切换，则电动机器16不传输任何扭矩至该小齿轮29；只有离合器23闭闭时才会有这种情况。如果离合器23打开，则电动机器16优选被关掉。
一个正齿轮30与该小齿轮29相啮合，该正齿轮30固定地连接至一个轴31上从而随之旋转，该轴31是相对于向前行驶方向3横向地安排的并且被安装在多个轴承32中。在所述这些轴承32之间，轴31固定地支撑了一个小齿轮33以便一起旋转，该小齿轮33与差速器6的一个正齿轮34相啮合。
在这个实施例中，因此扭矩可以在离合器23打开时仅借助于电动机器15被引入后车桥2中，或者在离合器23闭合时，扭矩可以经由这两个电动机器15和16而被引入后车桥2中。
根据图3的实施例非常类似于根据图2的实施例，因此为了简洁起见，在构造或功能上与所述实施例一致的部件是用相同的参考号表示的。
然而根据图3的实施例，这两个电动机器15和16被安排成一个在另一个后方，并且齿轮机构17安排在电动机器15和16的右边。电动机器15的从动轴18固定地连接至一个小齿轮35上从而随之旋转。所述小齿轮35与该正齿轮30相啮合，该正齿轮固定地连接至轴31上从而随之旋转。另一个电动机器16的从动轴18经由该可切换式离合器23连接至一个小齿轮36上，该小齿轮就节圆直径和齿数而言对应于小齿轮35。这两个小齿轮35和36与一个正齿轮37相啮合，该正齿轮固定地连接至一个中间轴38上从而随之旋转，该中间轴38安装在多个轴承39中。如果离合器23打开并且特别地电动机器16被关掉，则后车桥2仅借助于电动机器15而被驱动。如果离合器23闭合，则电动机器16另外也驱动后车桥2。
根据图4的实施例与根据图2的实施例的不同之处仅在于，代替仅驱动该机动车辆的后车桥，根据图2的实施例，现在可以驱动该机动车辆的两个车桥；这因此为全轮运转模式。在根据图4的实施例中，因此该动力传动系延伸至车桥2和10。在根据图4的动力传动系1的实施例中，为简单起见，对于构造或功能与根据图2的实施例的部件相同的部件是用相同的参考号表示的。
为了在根据图4的实施例中能够驱动第二前车桥10，第一后从动车桥2具有一个环齿轮40，并且第二前车桥10同样具有一个环齿轮41。该环齿轮40设置在差速器6上、特别地连接至所述差速器6的差速器壳体上。另一个环齿轮41设置在前车桥10的差速器42上、特别地同样连接至所述差速器42的差速器壳体上。这两个环齿轮40和41经由一个轴43相连接，该轴在其相应两端处支撑多个小齿轮44。轴43另外具有处于附加离合器形式的一个可控离合器45。由于一个相应的小齿轮44接合在一个相应的环齿轮40或41中，扭矩可以借助于该轴43从第一从动后车桥2传输至第二前车桥10。这些小齿轮44可以具有不同的大小。
如果差速器6被配置成一个扭矩矢量分配式差速器，则可以将不同的扭矩引入车桥区段4和5中。
参考号46表示轴43的、被安排在离合器45的两侧的这些轴承。相应的车桥区段4和5被安装在一个轴承9中和该差速器6中。

Claims (15)

1.一种纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系(1)，该动力传动系具有一个带有差速器(6)的第一车桥(2)并且具有两个电动机器(15，16)，该第一车桥(2)能够经由一个齿轮机构(17)借助于这些电动机器(15，16)来被驱动，其特征在于，该两个电动机器(15，16)中的一个电动机器(16)能够借助于一个可切换式离合器(23)而与该齿轮机构(17)脱离； 
其中该齿轮机构(17)具有用于这些电动机器(15，16)的一个共用的输入轴(26；31)。 
2.根据权利要求1所述的纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系，其特征在于，这两个电动机器(15，16)被安排在该机动车辆的行驶方向(3)上或者是相对于该行驶方向(3)横向地安排的。 
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系，其特征在于，该第一车桥(2)是该机动车辆的后车桥。 
4.根据权利要求3所述的纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系，其特征在于，这些电动机器(15，16)被安排在该后车桥(2)后方。 
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系，其特征在于，借助于这些电动机器(15，16)能够驱动该机动车辆的仅第一车桥(2)或驱动该机动车辆的第一车桥(2)和一个另外的第二车桥(10)。 
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述动力传动系是一种乘用机动车的动力传动系(1)。 
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系，其特征在于，该齿轮机构(17)被配置成一个正齿轮机构。 
8.根据权利要求7所述的纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系，其 特征在于，该正齿轮机构(17)具有位于这些电动机器(15，16)的从动轴(18)与该第一车桥(2)之间的一个中间轴(31)。 
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系，其特征在于，该离合器(23)是安排在一个电动机器(16)的从动轴(18)与该齿轮机构(17)的输入轴(26；31)之间。 
10.根据权利要求6所述的纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述动力传动系是一种跑车的动力传动系(1)。 
11.根据权利要求5所述的纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系，其特征在于，该第二车桥(10)具有一个差速器(42)，并且这两个车桥(2，10)的差速器(6，42)借助于一个轴(43)而彼此相连接，以实现该机动车辆的全轮运转。 
12.根据权利要求11所述的纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系，其特征在于，该轴(43)具有一个可控离合器(45)。 
13.根据权利要求5所述的纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系，其特征在于，该第一车桥(2)和/或该第二车桥(10)具有用于所述车桥或这些车桥的车轮(8和/或13)的独立悬架装置的多个铰接轴。 
14.根据权利要求1或2所述的纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系，其特征在于，该离合器(23)是以强制锁定方式或摩擦方式工作的。 
15.根据权利要求12所述的纯电力可驱动机动车辆的动力传动系，其特征在于，该轴(43)具有一个附加离合器。 
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WO2013083215A1 (de) 2013-06-13
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US20140332301A1 (en) 2014-11-13
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