CN201465405U - Farmland nutrient loss approach simulating device - Google Patents
Farmland nutrient loss approach simulating device Download PDFInfo
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- CN201465405U CN201465405U CN2009201098726U CN200920109872U CN201465405U CN 201465405 U CN201465405 U CN 201465405U CN 2009201098726 U CN2009201098726 U CN 2009201098726U CN 200920109872 U CN200920109872 U CN 200920109872U CN 201465405 U CN201465405 U CN 201465405U
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- oozed
- nutrient loss
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a farmland nutrient loss approach simulating device, belonging to the research fields of environmental science, agrology and plant nutrition. The farmland nutrient loss approach simulating device comprises a cuboid box body which comprises two radial flow pipes, a lateral seepage trough, two lateral seepage pipes, a bottom surface and a lower seepage pipe, wherein the two radial flow pipes are vertically positioned above the same side face of the box body, are communicated with the inside and outside of the side face and extend outwards; the lateral seepage trough is positioned at the lower part in the box body and is arranged horizontally along the periphery of the inner side wall of the box body, the section of the lateral seepage trough is in an L shape, and the side face of the lateral seepage trough is vertical; the two lateral seepage pipes are symmetrically positioned opposite to the box body, are communicated with the lateral seepage trough and the outside of the box body and extend outwards, and the lower surfaces of the two lateral seepage pipes are not higher than the bottom surface of the lateral seepage trough; the bottom surface is inclined, and the lowest point of the bottom surface is positioned on the vertex of the lower surface of the box body; and the lower seepage pipe is positioned on the vertex of the lower surface of the box body, and the lower surface of the lower seepage pipe is not higher than the vertex. The farmland nutrient loss approach simulating device can be used for simulating farmland nutrient loss amounts and loss characteristics of three approaches including earth surface radial flow water, lateral seepage and lower seepage.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to farmland nutrient, relates in particular to a kind of farmland nutrient loss approach analogue means, belongs to environmental science, pedology and Plant Nutrition research field.
Background technology
Nutrient loss such as farmland nitrogen phosphorus are the one of the main reasons that causes body eutrophication (1. Li Gui treasured, Yin Chengqing, Zhou Huaidong. water environmental problems and the Preventing Countermeasures and the management of China " three lakes ". water problems forum, 2001, (3): 36-39. is Zhang Weili 2., Ji Hongjie, Kolbe H, Deng. Chinese agriculture pollution of area source situation is estimated and the I.21 situation estimation [J] of beginning of the century interim state widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area of Control Countermeasure. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2004,37 (7): 1008-1017.).Farmland nitrogen phosphorus nutrient mainly ooze by rainwash, side or under approach such as ooze and enter the waters.Under different soil typess, use pattern and the way to manage, by farmland nitrogen phosphorus nutrient proportion difference in total number of dropouts of different approaches loss.And clear and definite farmland nitrogen phosphorus is the prerequisite of understanding farmland nitrogen phosphorus nutrient loss feature in depth with different approaches number of dropouts and loss law, is to formulate the basis of reducing and controlling farmland nitrogen phosphorus nutrient loss measure.Therefore, the research method of exploration farmland nutrient loss approach becomes one of the bottleneck in this field.
At present, still not having special is the research of purpose with farmland nutrient loss approach, and the method that relates to farmland nutrient loss approach in the correlative study mainly contains: 1) at flowmeter method, weir method and complete or collected works' stream method etc. of rainwash; 2) at indoor soil-column simulation, percolating filter method, field earth pillar method and the potter's clay suction agar diffusion method etc. of subrosion.Above method is just measured rainwash or soil eluviation respectively, can not form reliable comparative and continuity.3) subrosion and surface runoff in situ monitoring integration device.This kind method has both the advantage of subrosion and rainwash holistic approach, but because of being in-situ monitoring, quantities is big relatively, and this kind method can not be distinguished side and blends down and ooze approach.
Therefore, convenient, and farmland nutrient loss approach analogue means that can three kinds of farmland nutrient losses of the relatively accurate understanding approach demand of having catered to this field, possess application space relatively widely.
The utility model content
The utility model purpose is to provide a kind of farmland nutrient loss approach analogue means.Can understand by this device nutrient such as farmland nitrogen phosphorus with face of land runoff, side ooze, the number of dropouts and the loss law of approach such as infiltration down, be applicable to and simulate national all kinds of agricultural land soils.
The utility model analogue means comprises a cuboid casing, and described casing comprises:
Two runoff pipes, described runoff pipe are positioned on the same side of casing, and close casing top also is positioned on the same vertical curve, and described runoff pipe is communicated with inside and outside the described side and stretches out;
A side is oozed groove, and described side is oozed groove and is positioned at box house near the casing below, and its cross section is L-shaped and the side is vertical, and described side is oozed groove and is horizontally disposed with around the box inside wall;
Two sides are oozed pipe, and described side is oozed pipe and is symmetrically located on two relative sides of casing, and described side is oozed pipe and is communicated with described side to ooze groove and casing outside and extend outside casing, and the lower surface that described side is oozed pipe is not higher than the bottom surface that described side is oozed groove;
A bottom surface, described bottom surface tilts, and its minimum point is positioned at a summit of casing lower surface;
Ooze pipe under one, ooze pipe under described and be positioned at described lower surface summit, the described lower surface that oozes pipe down is not higher than described summit.
Move described casing for convenience, described analogue means also can comprise a movable supporting frame, and described casing is positioned on the described support.
In described casing, described runoff pipe, side are oozed pipe and oozed down pipe can be perpendicular to the casing side at place, also can be slightly downward-sloping, only otherwise be inclined upwardly and stop water to flow out to get final product.
In described casing, described runoff pipe, side ooze pipe and following cross section of oozing pipe can be multiple shape, such as circle, and square, ellipses etc. do not influence result of use.
In described casing, the concrete shape of described casing and big I are set according to actual needs, are not limited to specific value.
Compare with prior art, the utility model device is specially adapted under lab simulation rainfall, the irrigation condition, with face of land runoff water, lateral seepage and the farmland nutrient number of dropouts and the loss feature of three kinds of approach of infiltration down, possesses light and handy, convenient and characteristics intuitively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 represents the synoptic diagram of embodiment analogue means, and wherein A represents casing, and B represents movable supporting frame;
Fig. 2 represents the casing side view of embodiment analogue means, wherein,
Runoff pipe, 7-side are oozed groove, 8-side and are oozed that groove bottom is oozed in groove side, 9-side, the 10-side is oozed under pipe, the 11-and oozed pipe under 1-upper surface, 2-lower surface, 3-side, 4-bottom surface, the last runoff pipe of 5-, the 6-;
Fig. 3 represents present embodiment analogue means underside perspective view, and wherein shadow surface is represented tank floor.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model farmland nutrient loss approach analogue means is elaborated.
The present embodiment analogue means comprises casing A and movable supporting frame B as shown in Figure 1.
Casing A all is welded by PVC material plate, and Fig. 2 has provided the side view of casing A.Casing A is rectangular parallelepiped, and upper surface 1 and lower surface 2 (be represented by dotted lines, reality does not exist) are square, length of side 60cm; Casing side 3 high 45 or 75cm respectively can simulated thickness be 30cm with interior soil layer or 60cm with interior soil layer.
Movable supporting frame B is the auxiliary accessories of support and mobile box A, mainly comprises 4 " L " shape steel plates bearing frame that is welded into and 4 mobile pulleys that are positioned at four jiaos of bearing frames.Wherein there is " U " shape gap to ooze to place down that stationary installation is installed on 11,4 mobile pulleys of pipe is stable to guarantee device on " L " shape steel plate.
Casing A comprises bottom surface 4 (representing physical presence with solid line), last runoff pipe 5, following runoff pipe 6, side is oozed groove 7, and side is oozed pipe 10 and oozed down and manages 11, and each pipe is all perpendicular to the side, and the cross section is circle, diameter 2cm, and each pipe is 0cm in the length of box house, and promptly floating with cabinet wall.
The distance of the kernel of section of last runoff pipe 5 and upper surface 1 is 5cm, and the length outside casing is 7cm; The distance of the kernel of section of following runoff pipe 6 and upper surface 1 is 10cm, and the length outside casing is 4cm.Only use runoff pipe 6 down during the simulation dry land, during simulated paddy field, use runoff pipe 5 in the retaining phase, the dry field phase is used runoff pipe 6 down.
Side is oozed groove 7 and is positioned at box house near the casing below, is horizontally disposed with around the box inside wall, and its cross section is L-shaped, and side 8 is vertical, high 3cm, and bottom surface 9 levels, wide 2.5cm, the distance of bottom surface 9 and casing lower surface 2 is 5cm.
Two sides are oozed pipe 10 and are distributed in the relative bottom, two sides of casing symmetrically, length outside casing is 7cm, rib 1-2cm apart from casing, side is oozed the lower surface of pipe 10 and the distance of casing lower surface 2 also is 5cm, it is contour to be that side is oozed the bottom surface 9 that pipe 10 lower surface and side ooze groove 7, guarantees that water can all flow out smoothly.
Ooze the minimum point place that pipe 11 is positioned at tank floor 4 down, its lower surface and this minimum point are contour, guarantee that water can all flow out smoothly, and oozing the length of pipe 11 outside casing down is 7cm.
When concrete the use, runoff pipe 5 and 6, side are oozed pipe 10 and are oozed pipe 11 down and all be connected flexible plastic tube up and down, and the plastics pipe range can be determined as required, the other end connection container of the mouth of pipe.
Provide simulation below and just turned over, Shi Wanfei, the process of the nutrient loss approach of the 0-30cm topsoil soils of gutless plant behind precipitation.
1. install and prepare.According to shown in Figure 1, the PVC casing is placed on the removable metal support, note oozing down pipe 11 and be placed on metal support one side " U " shape opening position, move down the fixedly pincers on the pulley, guarantee that whole device fixes.
2. fill the rubble underlayer.Maximum gauge is no more than the rubble (preferably silica sand) of 5mm, and the diluted acid with 5% soaked 12 hours, used distilled water flushing more than 3 times again, dried.The rubble that will dry is filled in the PVC casing, is filled to from the bottom with side to ooze the contour position of groove bottom 9, guarantees that the rubble face is smooth.Spread Buddhist nun's suede gauze (screen distance≤0.5 millimeter) more in the above, prevent that bulky grain soil from entering metalling.
3. filling soil layer.Get survey region 0-30cm level soil, break large clod into pieces,, suitably dry in the shade, be convenient to device if soil is wet sticking.After drying in the shade, load weighted fertilizer is mixed in soil mixing.Then, toward the interior filling soil of PVC casing, every dress 5cm suitably down compresses.After compressing, loose a lower surface soil prevents that the surface from forming shiny surface, continues dress soil again.Until following runoff pipe 6 kernel of section positions, note and will form the low bank of earth between fields all around, exceed soil layer plane 3-5cm.
4. moisturize.With utensils such as watering can dress distilled water, to a small amount of soil layer water spray, note not forming water layer on the soil layer surface, do not occur seeping water under the side.The next day after observe soil layer and change, find that the soil layer height descends, continue filling soil to runoff pipe 6 kernel of section positions, water spray down.Above repeatedly operation no longer descends until the soil layer face.
5. the preliminary work before the simulated experiment.Gather soil-like before and after the experiment, test water cut and nutrient content are gathered precipitation water water sample, the test nutrient content.Adopt shower nozzle shape device,, shower nozzle is connected on the water swivel, regulate the precipitation shower nozzle, determine unit interval quantity of precipitation according to the required precipitation intensity of experiment.Simultaneously, proofed sleeve is enclosed within runoff pipe 5 and 6, side oozes pipe 10 and ooze pipe 11 down, the proofed sleeve other end is placed in the container of reception water sample.Prepare one in stopwatch.
6. simulated experiment.Open shower nozzle, make water at the uniform velocity evenly be sprinkled upon the soil layer surface, record precipitation time, and the generation time and the concluding time of runoff, lateral seepage and infiltration down.The water sample that collection is collected.Notice that any one last concluding time that runoff, side blend down in the infiltration is the concluding time of simulated experiment.
7. determine the nutrient index as required, and calculate different approaches nutrient flow vector.
Claims (9)
1. a farmland nutrient loss approach analogue means is characterized in that, comprising:
One cuboid casing, described casing comprises:
Two runoff pipes, described runoff pipe are positioned on the same side of casing, and close casing top also is positioned on the same vertical curve, and described runoff pipe is communicated with inside and outside the described side and stretches out;
A side is oozed groove, and described side is oozed groove and is positioned at box house near the casing below, and its cross section is L-shaped and the side is vertical, and described side is oozed groove and is horizontally disposed with around the box inside wall;
Two sides are oozed pipe, and described side is oozed pipe and is symmetrically located on two relative sides of casing, and described side is oozed pipe and is communicated with described side to ooze groove and casing outside and extend outside casing, and the lower surface that described side is oozed pipe is not higher than the bottom surface that described side is oozed groove;
A bottom surface, described bottom surface tilts, and its minimum point is positioned at a summit of casing lower surface;
Ooze pipe under one, ooze pipe under described and be positioned at described lower surface summit, the described lower surface that oozes pipe down is not higher than described summit.
2. farmland nutrient loss approach analogue means as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described analogue means also comprises a movable supporting frame, and described casing is positioned on the described support.
3. farmland nutrient loss approach analogue means as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described runoff pipe, side are oozed pipe and oozed the casing side of Guan Jun perpendicular to the place down.
4. farmland nutrient loss approach analogue means as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described runoff pipe, side are oozed the circle that the cross section of managing and descending to ooze pipe is diameter 2cm.
5. farmland nutrient loss approach analogue means as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the cross section of described casing is a square, described square length of side 60cm, high 45cm of described casing or 75cm.
6. farmland nutrient loss approach analogue means as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in described two runoff pipes, and the upper surface 5cm of the described casing of the kernel of section of the last runoff pipe above being positioned at distance, the described runoff pipe 7cm outside described casing that goes up; The upper surface 10cm of the described casing of kernel of section distance of the following runoff pipe below being positioned at, described runoff pipe 4cm outside described casing down.
7. farmland nutrient loss approach analogue means as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described side is oozed the high 3cm in side of groove, the wide 2.5cm in bottom surface.
8. farmland nutrient loss approach analogue means as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described side ooze the lower surface of pipe and bottom surface that described side is oozed groove contour, all apart from described casing lower surface 5cm.
9. farmland nutrient loss approach analogue means as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described side is oozed the rib 1-2cm of the described casing of pipe distance.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009201098726U CN201465405U (en) | 2009-07-21 | 2009-07-21 | Farmland nutrient loss approach simulating device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009201098726U CN201465405U (en) | 2009-07-21 | 2009-07-21 | Farmland nutrient loss approach simulating device |
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| CN201465405U true CN201465405U (en) | 2010-05-12 |
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| CN2009201098726U Expired - Fee Related CN201465405U (en) | 2009-07-21 | 2009-07-21 | Farmland nutrient loss approach simulating device |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102279251A (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2011-12-14 | 北京师范大学 | Experimental apparatus for optimizing structure of plant retention system base on optimal control of water quality |
| CN105136524A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Movable dry land soil runoff liquid collection apparatus |
| CN110702562A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-17 | 济南大学 | Two-dimensional pore medium water and fine particle migration simulation test device |
-
2009
- 2009-07-21 CN CN2009201098726U patent/CN201465405U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102279251A (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2011-12-14 | 北京师范大学 | Experimental apparatus for optimizing structure of plant retention system base on optimal control of water quality |
| CN102279251B (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2014-06-04 | 北京师范大学 | Experimental apparatus for optimizing structure of plant retention system base on optimal control of water quality |
| CN105136524A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Movable dry land soil runoff liquid collection apparatus |
| CN105136524B (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2018-01-05 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | A kind of moveable dryland soil runoff collecting device |
| CN110702562A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-17 | 济南大学 | Two-dimensional pore medium water and fine particle migration simulation test device |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20100512 Termination date: 20130721 |