CN101949783A - Farmland in-situ soil leaching solution collector and using method thereof - Google Patents
Farmland in-situ soil leaching solution collector and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a farmland in-situ soil leaching solution collector and a using method thereof, belonging to the field of soil monitoring technology. The collector is composed of a leaching tray, a connecting pipe, a solution collector and a water pumping pipe; when the device is used, a pit is firstly dug and followed by digging an inner pit inside the pit, the dug inner pit is plugged with the leaching tray filled with quartz sand, the connecting pipe and the water-pumping pipe are connected properly, and soil is then gradually backfilled and tamped layer by layer. Watering is performed many times to restore the soil in the pits basically, thus the solution collector can collect the leaching solution of farmland in-situ soil above the leaching tray. The device according to the invention has simple appearance design, small workload for installation and embedment and easy operation. After the device is installed, only the water-pumping pipe thereof is exposed on the ground, thereby taking up no farmland and causing no influence to routine farming.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of farmland original position soil leaching liquor gatherer and using method thereof, dependent territory earth monitoring technical field, be specially adapted to monitor nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the migration of agricultural chemicals in the soil body to phreatic influence, particularly keep under the condition of farmland soil body former state, realize in-situ monitoring, reduced the difficulty of sampling, whole sampling process is simply accurate.
Background technology
Chemical fertilizer has very important contribution to the production of world food.According to FAO's statistics, developing country's fertilising can make the cereal crops per unit area yield improve 35%～57%, and gross output improves 30%～50%.At present, the most of arable land of China all need be replenished nitrogen, and ploughing more than 1/2 needs to replenish phosphate fertilizer, and ploughing more than 1/3～1/4 needs to replenish potash fertilizer.Although chemical fertilizer has been obtained great achievement aspect increases in grain production, also brought a series of environmental problem simultaneously, the environmental problem with nitrogen application is the most outstanding especially.The farmland nutrient leaching loss is one of important channel of nutrient loss, nitrogenous fertilizer during the whole world is manured into soil, nearly 10%～40% enters underground water through soil eluviation, the farmland nutrient leaching loss influences the differentiation of agricultural land soil and quality of water environment, and lot of domestic and international research all shows chemical fertilizer application and shallow ground water NO
3 -Concentration raises and has tangible correlativity.Because of causing soil nitrate nitrogen leaching, the unreasonable fertilising in farmland causes that groundwater contamination has become the problem that a whole world is paid close attention in recent years.
It is generally acknowledged in the past, phosphorus leaching loss amount is few in the soil, main loss approach is the rainwash and the soil erosion, but in recent years, many scholars report out agricultural land soil phosphorus element with the amount of leaching form loss with rainwash and soil erosion form loss amount quite or bigger.According to the estimation of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation), the TAI HU AREA of China leakage in the phosphorus loss amount of farmland has accounted for 31%.Therefore, as the crucial nutrient factor of body eutrophication, the leaching loss problem of P elements also more and more receives publicity.
In addition, agricultural chemicals also is crucial for agricultural.Because disease, worm, crop smothering, the grain of the annual loss in the whole world accounts for half of total production, uses agricultural chemicals can retrieve about 15% of total production.The chemical pesticide annual production has reached millions of tons in the world, and kind surpasses 1000 kinds, and commonly used has about 250 kinds.According to statistics, Chinese annual agricultural chemicals usable floor area reaches 1.8 hundred million hectares, and that has used since the fifties 666 reaches 4,000,000 tons, more than 50 ten thousand tons of DDT, and contaminated farmland reaches 13,300,000 hectares.Because the mode of using common employing spraying of agricultural chemicals, organic solvent in the agricultural chemicals and part agricultural chemicals swim in the air atmosphere pollution; The farmland is by rain drop erosion, and agricultural chemicals then enters rivers even imports the ocean.Like this, agricultural chemicals is just taken to all over the world by air-flow and current, and the agricultural chemicals in the residual soil then can pass through osmosis arrival point layer depth place, thus polluted underground water.Therefore, because a large amount of and large tracts of land of agricultural chemicals is used, improper abuse, and the non-degradable of agricultural chemicals, the earth is caused serious pollution, and threatening human safety thus.
Therefore, in order to protect the safety of water resource, aquatic ecosystem and human drinking water source, nutrient and the migration rule of remains of pesticide in the soil body such as nitrogen phosphorus in the soil all monitored seeking new method and new way in countries in the world.At present, the research method of moving for nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient in the soil both at home and abroad mainly contains indoor soil-column simulation, percolating filter method, field earth pillar method, potter's clay suction agar diffusion method, the channel process of catchmenting and in-situ monitoring method.Wherein national inventing patent CN 101246156A compares several research methods, and the in-situ monitoring rule is under guaranteeing that original soil layer is not by the prerequisite of disturbance, and the sampling process simple and fast has reduced the sampling difficulty.At home and abroad also do not establish under the situation of soil eluviation monitoring standard method at present, accurate, easy, economic relatively farmland original position soil leaching liquor monitoring method will have vast potential for future development in this research field.
Patent publication No. be CN101246156A, the name be called " farmland underground eluviation in-situ monitoring device " though patent of invention have the sampling simple and fast advantage, but also exist obviously not enough: (1) quantities is relatively large, cost is higher, need build the waterproof cement body of wall in the body of hole; (2) the leaching device occupies than large tracts of land in the middle of the farmland, is unfavorable for the conventional farming in farmland; Need descend in the hole when (3) getting the leaching water sample to extract, operation is inconvenience to some extent.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the some shortcomings that exist in the above-mentioned prior art, thereby provide a kind of farmland original position soil leaching liquor gatherer and using method thereof, a kind ofly can accurately calculate the long-pending original position soil leaching liquor gatherer of soil eluviation liquid by installing, make that the leaching liquor monitoring of original position soil has that cost is low, characteristics such as reliable results, manufacturing and easy for installation, easy enforcement.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of farmland original position soil leaching liquor gatherer, form by leaching dish, connecting pipe, fluid collection device and drinking-water pipe, it is characterized in that the leaching dish is an opened type rectangle water-tight vessel, be positioned at corner below the leaching dish and be provided with water delivering orifice, be fixed with water nozzle on the water delivering orifice, cover on the water delivering orifice in the leaching dish and add one deck nylon wire; Fluid collection device is the round barrel shape container, is made up of drum and bung, has silking on drum and the bung, and bung can be tightened on the drum it is sealed; Have water inlet and pump mouth on the bung, be fixed with water inlet water nozzle and pump mouth water nozzle respectively, the water nozzle on the leaching dish water delivering orifice is connected with water inlet water nozzle on the bung by connecting pipe; Pump mouth water nozzle on the bung connects drinking-water pipe, and the other end of drinking-water pipe has pipe cap, can carry out capping to drinking-water pipe; Have interior drinking-water pipe in the drinking-water pipe.
The length of described leaching dish is respectively 50-70cm, 30-50cm, 6-10cm, uses rigid plastic to make.
The drum of described fluid collection device and bung are made by withstand voltage fluid-tight rigid plastic; The drum volume is at 30-40L.
The length of drinking-water pipe equals the high length that adds drinking-water pipe of bucket of fluid collection device in described, and external diameter is less than the internal diameter of drinking-water pipe.
Described connecting pipe is that the plastic conduit of withstand voltage anti-corruption is made.
Described drinking-water pipe is that pvc pipe is made.
A kind of using method of above-mentioned original position soil leaching liquor gatherer, step is as follows:
(1) middle position of selection field experiment sub-district is determined the square or rectangle occupation of land scope of long level for 1-1.5m, the wide 1-1.5m of being, and is begun to dig pit vertically downward on the face of land; Excavate one dark be the hole of 1.2-1.5m, keep vertically smooth around the hole, the soil of excavating wants layering to stack, and can press original soil structures backfill to make things convenient for;
(2) laterally dig the interior hole of height that a height, the degree of depth, width all be slightly larger than the leaching dish, width, length apart from the depths of face of land 90-120cm on a facade in hole, the upper and lower surface of cheating in guaranteeing is smooth;
(3) silica sand is tiled on the leaching dish, the thickness of silica sand is with the height a little less than the leaching dish, covered the upper surface of leaching dish with nylon wire after, slowly with leaching dish plug in the interior hole of digging, the outside in the inner hole of water nozzle one end on the leaching dish water delivering orifice; The drum of fluid collection device is installed in the hole of leaching dish below, all around with fixedly compacting of soil, then bung is tightened on the drum it is sealed, the drum installation site should make bung be lower than the water delivering orifice water nozzle 15cm of place, can enter automatically in the fluid collection device under action of gravity to guarantee the leaching liquor in the leaching dish; With connecting pipe the water nozzle on the leaching dish water delivering orifice is connected with water inlet water nozzle on the bung then, the junction is with PVC fluid sealant sealing and fixing;
(4) on the pump mouth water nozzle of fluid collection device bung, drinking-water pipe is installed, the junction is installed coats fluid sealant, guarantee water-tight air tight; Drinking-water pipe is advisable with 15cm above ground level, covers pipe cap then, prevents that rainfall or other foreign material from directly entering in the fluid collection device;
(5) tamp with the mud sealing of fetching earth in the hole in former in the space between interior hole and leaching dish, oozing Polypropylence Sheet at the outer openings place, interior hole of placing the leaching dish with anti-side vertically isolates, reclaimed soil successively in the hole then, successively tamp and pour water, soil in the hole is restored to the original state substantially, fluid collection device can be collected the leaching liquor of farmland, leaching dish top original position soil like this, and the interior drinking-water pipe in drinking-water pipe can be drawn out and carry out Measurement and analysis this leaching liquor.
Original position soil leaching liquor gatherer of the present invention is in order to realize the multiple spot monitoring, reduce the experimental error brought because of local fertility inequality, can on four facades around the hole, dig the interior hole of several same sizes, can lay a plurality of leaching dishes, monitor to carry out multiple spot, thereby can eliminate the error that produces in sampling error and the installation process.
The advantage of original position soil leaching liquor gatherer of the present invention is:
(1) configuration design of apparatus of the present invention is simple, and it is little to install and bury underground the process engineering amount, easy operating.
(2) after apparatus of the present invention are installed and used, only there is rising pipe to basset, do not take the farmland, do not influence conventional farming.
(3) leaching liquor received of original position of the present invention soil leaching liquor gatherer does not need external pressure, from flowing in the fluid collection device, more can accurately simulate the true process of field soil solute leaching loss under action of gravity.
What (4) the leaching dish of original position soil leaching liquor gatherer of the present invention adopted is the no top rectangular parallelepiped of flat rule, side direction from soil profile during installation is imbedded installation, and settled anti-side to ooze Polypropylence Sheet near coal-mine, both kept the original state of leaching dish top original position soil, the reliability that has guaranteed to collect liquid again; The fitting depth of leaching dish can be unrestricted in addition, can gather the different depth of soil leaching liquor according to the needs of research.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the device synoptic diagram of apparatus of the present invention embodiment:
Wherein, 1, leaching dish; 2, drinking-water pipe; 3, pipe cap; 4, connecting pipe; 5, anti-permeating plastics cloth; 6, fluid collection device; 7, nylon wire; 8, water delivering orifice; 9, water nozzle; 10, pump mouth water nozzle; 11, pump mouth; 12, bung; 13, interior drinking-water pipe; 14, drum; 15, silking; 16, water inlet water nozzle; 17, water inlet.
Fig. 2 is the sectional side elevation of apparatus of the present invention leaching dish embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of apparatus of the present invention leaching dish embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the structural drawing of apparatus of the present invention fluid collection device embodiment.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, but be not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1:
The embodiment of the invention 1 is shown in accompanying drawing 1-4, form by leaching dish 1, connecting pipe 4, fluid collection device 6 and drinking-water pipe 2, it is characterized in that leaching dish 1 is an opened type rectangle water-tight vessel, be positioned at corner below the leaching dish 1 and be provided with water delivering orifice, be fixed with water nozzle on the water delivering orifice, cover on the water delivering orifice 8 in the leaching dish 1 and add one deck nylon wire 7; Fluid collection device 6 is the round barrel shape container, is made up of drum 14 and bung 12, has silking 15 on drum 14 and the bung 12, and bung 12 can be tightened on the drum 14 it is sealed; Have water inlet 17 and pump mouth 11 on the bung 12, be fixed with water inlet water nozzle 16 and pump mouth water nozzle 10 respectively, the water nozzle 9 on leaching dish 1 water delivering orifice 8 is connected with water inlet water nozzle 16 on the bung 12 by connecting pipe 4; Pump mouth water nozzle 10 on the bung 12 connects drinking-water pipe 2, and the other end of drinking-water pipe 2 has pipe cap 3, can carry out capping to drinking-water pipe 2; Drinking-water pipe 13 in having in the drinking-water pipe 2.
The length of described leaching dish 1 is respectively 50cm, 30cm, 6cm, uses rigid plastic to make.
The drum 14 of described fluid collection device and bung 12 are made by withstand voltage fluid-tight rigid plastic; Drum 14 volumes are at 30L.
The length of drinking-water pipe 13 equals the high length that adds drinking-water pipe of bucket of fluid collection device in described, is 140cm; External diameter is less than the internal diameter of drinking-water pipe.
Described connecting pipe 4 is made for the plastic conduit of withstand voltage anti-corruption.
Described drinking-water pipe 2 is made for pvc pipe.
Embodiment 2:
The embodiment of the invention 2 is identical with embodiment 1, and the length that is described leaching dish 1 is respectively 70cm, 50cm, 8cm; Described drum 14 volumes are at 40L; The length of drinking-water pipe 13 is 150cm in described.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of using method of above-mentioned original position soil leaching liquor gatherer, step is as follows:
(1) select the middle position of field experiment sub-district, determine on the face of land long for 1m, widely be the square occupation of land scope of level of 1m, and begin to dig pit vertically downward; Excavate one dark be the hole of 1.3m, keep vertically smooth around the hole, the soil of excavating wants layering to stack, and can press original soil structures backfill to make things convenient for;
(2) laterally dig the interior hole of height that a height, the degree of depth, width all be slightly larger than the leaching dish, width, length apart from the depths of face of land 100cm on a facade in hole, the upper and lower surface of cheating in guaranteeing is smooth;
(3) silica sand is tiled on the leaching dish, the thickness of silica sand is a little less than the height of leaching dish, covered the upper surface of leaching dish with nylon wire after, slowly with leaching dish plug in the interior hole of digging, the outside in the inner hole of water nozzle one end on the leaching dish water delivering orifice; The drum of fluid collection device is installed in the hole of leaching dish below, all around with fixedly compacting of soil, then bung is tightened on the drum it is sealed, the drum installation site should make bung be lower than the water delivering orifice water nozzle 15cm of place, can enter automatically in the fluid collection device under action of gravity to guarantee the leaching liquor in the leaching dish; With connecting pipe the water nozzle on the leaching dish water delivering orifice is connected with water inlet water nozzle on the bung then, the junction is with PVC fluid sealant sealing and fixing;
(4) at the pump mouth water nozzle place of fluid collection device bung drinking-water pipe is installed; The junction is installed coats fluid sealant, guarantee water-tight air tight; Drinking-water pipe is advisable with 15cm above ground level, covers pipe cap then, prevents that rainfall or other foreign material from directly entering in the fluid collection device.
(5) tamp with the mud sealing of fetching earth in the hole in former in the space between interior hole and leaching dish, oozing Polypropylence Sheet at the outer openings place, interior hole of placing the leaching dish with anti-side vertically isolates, reclaimed soil successively in the hole then, successively tamp and pour water, soil in the hole is restored to the original state substantially, fluid collection device can be collected the leaching liquor of farmland, leaching dish top original position soil like this, and the interior drinking-water pipe in drinking-water pipe is drawn out with leaching liquor and carried out Measurement and analysis.
Embodiment 4:
Identical with embodiment 3, be in the described step (1): determine long horizontal rectangular on the face of land and take up an area of scope, and beginning is digged pit vertically downward for 1.4m, the wide 1.2m of being; Excavate one dark be the hole of 1.5m, keep vertically smooth around the hole, the soil of excavating wants layering to stack, and can press original soil structures backfill to make things convenient for;
In the step (2): the interior hole of on a facade in hole, laterally digging height that a height, the degree of depth, width all be slightly larger than the leaching dish, width, length apart from the depths of face of land 110cm.
Claims (7)
1. farmland original position soil leaching liquor gatherer, form by leaching dish, connecting pipe, fluid collection device and drinking-water pipe, it is characterized in that the leaching dish is an opened type rectangle water-tight vessel, be positioned at corner below the leaching dish and be provided with water delivering orifice, be fixed with water nozzle on the water delivering orifice, cover on the water delivering orifice in the leaching dish and add one deck nylon wire; Fluid collection device is the round barrel shape container, is made up of drum and bung, has silking on drum and the bung, and bung can be tightened on the drum it is sealed; Have water inlet and pump mouth on the bung, be fixed with water inlet water nozzle and pump mouth water nozzle respectively, the water nozzle on the leaching dish water delivering orifice is connected with water inlet water nozzle on the bung by connecting pipe; Pump mouth water nozzle on the bung connects drinking-water pipe, and the other end of drinking-water pipe has pipe cap, can carry out capping to drinking-water pipe; Have interior drinking-water pipe in the drinking-water pipe.
2. a kind of farmland as claimed in claim 1 original position soil leaching liquor gatherer is characterized in that the length of described leaching dish is respectively 50-70cm, 30-50cm, 6-10cm, uses rigid plastic to make.
3. a kind of farmland as claimed in claim 1 original position soil leaching liquor gatherer is characterized in that the drum of described fluid collection device and bung made by withstand voltage fluid-tight rigid plastic; The drum volume is at 30-40L.
4. a kind of farmland as claimed in claim 1 original position soil leaching liquor gatherer is characterized in that the length of described interior drinking-water pipe equals the high length that adds drinking-water pipe of bucket of fluid collection device, and external diameter is less than the internal diameter of drinking-water pipe.
5. a kind of farmland as claimed in claim 1 original position soil leaching liquor gatherer is characterized in that described connecting pipe is that the plastic conduit of withstand voltage anti-corruption is made.
6. a kind of farmland as claimed in claim 1 original position soil leaching liquor gatherer is characterized in that described drinking-water pipe is that pvc pipe is made.
7. the using method of an original position as claimed in claim 1 soil leaching liquor gatherer, step is as follows:
(1) middle position of selection field experiment sub-district is determined the square or rectangle occupation of land scope of long level for 1-1.5m, the wide 1-1.5m of being, and is begun to dig pit vertically downward on the face of land; Excavate one dark be the hole of 1.2-1.5m, keep vertically smooth around the hole, the soil of excavating wants layering to stack, and can press original soil structures backfill to make things convenient for;
(2) laterally dig the interior hole of height that a height, the degree of depth, width all be slightly larger than the leaching dish, width, length apart from the depths of face of land 90-120cm on a facade in hole, the upper and lower surface of cheating in guaranteeing is smooth;
(3) silica sand is tiled on the leaching dish, the thickness of silica sand is a little less than the height of leaching dish, covered the upper surface of leaching dish with nylon wire after, slowly with leaching dish plug in the interior hole of digging, the outside in the inner hole of leaching dish water delivering orifice water nozzle one end; The drum of fluid collection device is installed in the hole of leaching dish below, all around with fixedly compacting of soil, then bung is tightened on the drum it is sealed, the drum installation site should make bung be lower than the water delivering orifice water nozzle 15cm of place, can enter automatically in the fluid collection device under action of gravity to guarantee the leaching liquor in the leaching dish; With connecting pipe the water nozzle on the leaching dish water delivering orifice is connected with water inlet water nozzle on the bung then, the junction is with PVC fluid sealant sealing and fixing;
(4) on the pump mouth water nozzle of fluid collection device bung, drinking-water pipe is installed, the junction is installed coats fluid sealant, guarantee water-tight air tight; Drinking-water pipe is advisable with 15cm above ground level, covers pipe cap then, prevents that rainfall or other foreign material from directly entering in the fluid collection device; Be inserted with interior drinking-water pipe in the drinking-water pipe, the length of interior drinking-water pipe equals the high length that adds drinking-water pipe of bucket of fluid collection device, and external diameter is less than the internal diameter of drinking-water pipe.
(5) tamp with the mud sealing of fetching earth in the hole in former in the space between interior hole and leaching dish, oozing Polypropylence Sheet at the outer openings place, interior hole of placing the leaching dish with anti-side vertically isolates, reclaimed soil successively in the hole then, successively tamp and pour water, soil in the hole is restored to the original state substantially, fluid collection device can be collected the leaching liquor of farmland, leaching dish top original position soil like this, and the interior drinking-water pipe in drinking-water pipe can be drawn out and carry out Measurement and analysis this leaching liquor.
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| CN102507266A (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2012-06-20 | 重庆大学 | Gravity flow sloping farmland in-situ soil leaching solution collector |
| CN102608291A (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2012-07-25 | 中国农业大学 | Simulated large-field soil and solute transporting system |
| CN102607918A (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2012-07-25 | 张一意 | Body fluid specimen storage bottle |
| CN103308351A (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2013-09-18 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Underground leaching in-situ collection device with plastic boundary |
| CN104569318A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-04-29 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Sample collecting method and sample collecting device for determining utilization distribution of potassium in rice field |
| CN104990767A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-10-21 | 贵州师范大学 | Device for collecting and extracting soil solutions in karst mountain areas and using method thereof |
| CN105043815A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-11-11 | 华中农业大学 | Continuous collection and metering system for underground water |
| CN106645636A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-05-10 | 东北农业大学 | Device for monitoring overland runoff of farmland and experiment method |
| CN106644596A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-05-10 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | In-situ monitoring and sampling device for percolating water in farmland soil |
| CN107064463A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-08-18 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | Buried soil column leaching device |
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| CN108562461A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-09-21 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Agricultural land soil leaching liquor automated watch-keeping facility and method |
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| CN109917103A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-06-21 | 中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所 | It is a kind of original position earth pillar irrigate leaching test and solute migration quantitative description |
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| CN102507266A (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2012-06-20 | 重庆大学 | Gravity flow sloping farmland in-situ soil leaching solution collector |
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