CN100529720C - Vadose water collector indry land - Google Patents
Vadose water collector indry land Download PDFInfo
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- CN100529720C CN100529720C CNB2006100379070A CN200610037907A CN100529720C CN 100529720 C CN100529720 C CN 100529720C CN B2006100379070 A CNB2006100379070 A CN B2006100379070A CN 200610037907 A CN200610037907 A CN 200610037907A CN 100529720 C CN100529720 C CN 100529720C
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- collecting bucket
- rising pipe
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Abstract
A leakage water collector for dry farm is prepared as setting half-round collector horizontally with its planar surface upwards, setting a numbers of holes on planar surface of said collector, connecting said collector to sealed water collection barrel being set at lower position through water guiding tube at bottom of said collector. The air vent tube and water outgoing rube are set on the top of sealed water collection barrel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of field experiment harvester, concrete a kind of Vadose water collector indry land.
Background technology
There are some researches show that the fertilizer of the whole world in being manured into soil has 30～50% to enter underground water through the soil leaching loss and (see Bi Jingwei approximately, Zhang Jiabao, Chen Xiaomin, Zhu Anning, Feng Jie: " modeling effort of holard seepage and nitrate nitrogen leaching loss in the agricultural land soil ", " irrigation and drainage journal " 2003,22[6]).To studies show that of the agricultural land soil of TAI HU AREA, the nitrate nitrogen leaching loss is that the main path of nitrogen loss (is seen Wang Cairong, Hu Zhengyi, Yang Linzhang, Lv Jialong, Gao Yimin: " Taihu Lake basin typical case's vegetable field Soil Nitrogen and pH Characteristics of spatial variability ", [J]. " water and soil conservation journal ", 2005,19[3]), domestic and international research all shows, nitrogenous fertilizer use with shallow ground water in nitrate nitrogen concentration raise tangible correlativity arranged.
It is generally acknowledged that the possibility of leaching is little vertically downward along section for the phosphorus in the soil, what the rainwash and the soil erosion were only phosphorus loss mainly wants approach, and leaching (comprising the subsurface stratum runoff) amount is few; Can ignore.Yet, after the nineties in last century, Heckrath and Brookes etc. the long-term soil and fertilizer famous to testing station, Britain Lausanne experimental field under (1843 beginning) 65cm in the drainpipe drainage water analyze discovery, contained phosphorus concentration is very high in the water, can reach nearly 2mg P kg sometimes
-1And be principal ingredient with soluble reactive inorganic phosphorus (MRP), account for 66～86% of total phosphorus content in the draining, many scholars all draw phosphorus element in the agricultural land soil with the amount of leaching form loss with the amount of rainwash and the loss of soil erosion form quite or the bigger report of leaching amount (see Lv Jialong, Fortune S, Brookes PC: " soil phophorus leaching situation and Olsen phosphorus ' catastrophe point ' research thereof ", " agricultural environment science journal " 2003,22[2]; Lu Rukun: " soil phosphorus level and water body environment protection ", " phosphate fertilizer and multiple fertilizer ", 2003,18[31]).In addition, according to the estimation of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation), in the phosphorus loss amount of TAI HU AREA farmland, leakage accounts for 31%.Therefore, as the crucial nutrient factor of eutrophication, the leaching loss problem of P elements is more and more paid close attention to.
At present adopt Lysimeter (percolating filter) can not reproduce the shortcoming of actual field environment exactly and (see Lv Jialong: " phosphorus leaching from agricultural soils and prediction thereof " Acta Ecologica Sinica mostly to overcome the indoor soil-column simulation to the research of nitrogen, phosphorus migration rule in the soil, 2003,23[12]; Zhang Guoliang, Zhang Shen: " farmland nitrogen leaching loss progress " " soil ", 1998, [6]; John D Toth, Richard H Fox.Nitratelosses froma corn-alfalfarotation: " Lysimeter measurement of nitrate leaching ", " [J] .J Environ Qual, 1998,27 "; Power J F, Wiese R, Flowerday: " Managingnitrogen for water quality lessons from management systems evaluationarea ", " [J] .J Environ Qual ", 2000,29; K.
, P.
H.Heinonen-Tanski, I.Taipalinen: " N and P leaching and microbial contamination from intensivelymanaged pasture and cut sward on sandy soil in Finland ", " Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment ", 2004,104; Winton K, Weber JB: " A review offield lysimeter studies to describe the environmental fate of pesticides ", " WeedTechnology " 1996,10[1]).But the defective of Lysimeter is to need the huge trench of excavation to carry out sample collecting, causes field experiment to be subjected to the considerable restraint of actual landform, and great in constructing amount.Therefore, a kind of birth of leakage water collecting device of easy relatively field is imperative.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of device of easy field acquisition nonirrigated farmland percolating water, this device not only can reduce being observed the interference of the soil body, gained sample reliability is improved, and simplified the construction volume and the difficulty of construction of embedded device, reduced field experiment and gathered the requirement of percolating water actual landform.Simultaneously, when the water yield of having collected in needs taking-up dust-collecting bucket inside is measured, do not need to take out and open dust-collecting bucket, easy to operate.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved in that nonirrigated farmland leakage water collecting harvester, it is characterized in that horizontally disposed water leg is the semi-cylindrical shaped container, its plane upwards, offer some infiltrations hole on the plane, the water leg bottom is communicated with by the dust-collecting bucket of aqueduct with low level setting and sealing; This dust-collecting bucket is provided with snorkel and rising pipe; Can be connected with suction hose and pump bowl on the rising pipe.Suction hose and pump bowl can be provided with in addition, when rainfall collected specimens later, use, and be the movable accessory of described device.
In prioritization scheme, can be in the both sides of dust-collecting bucket or one or several water legs respectively are set on every side; The planar section of the top of dust-collecting bucket and the water leg of its both sides is arranged in the same plane, and snorkel and rising pipe are perpendicular to plane, water leg place.
More optimize and more particularly: described water leg plane up, cambered surface down, uniform plane is distributed with the infiltration hole, and (gauze aperture≤0.5mm) has stopped soil particle and percolating water is entered in the groove to be coated with 3～4 layers of plastics gauze.
The design characteristic of water leg is: the soil body of water leg top is maintained the original state substantially, and the side of not blocking the soil body is oozed, and has reduced the disturbance to the soil water movement state of state of nature, has improved the degree of reliability of collected specimens.
Dust-collecting bucket connects two (or several) identical water legs, the length of two water legs, diameter, infiltration hole density, and the gauze density of covering is identical with the number of plies.This design characteristic is: can reduce the sampling error that causes because of local soil fertility difference.
The diameter of aqueduct is less than described water leg, and an end communicates with the bottom of water leg one end, and interface is fixed with PVC glue, other end access set bucket, and inlet is positioned at dust-collecting bucket top; Aqueduct and dust-collecting bucket joining place are with rubber washer, enter Water collecting tube in order to stop soil particle.The aqueduct axis can be reserved to guarantee the water in the water leg smoothly in the water leg plane parallel.Two aqueduct diameters are identical.
Dust-collecting bucket except that connecting aqueduct, snorkel and escape pipe, the staving closure, the height of bucket is greater than the water leg diameter, volume can guarantee certain percolating water reserve capacity greater than the water leg internal volume.
The snorkel upper end extend out to ground, elbow, and mouth is held down, and the lower end remains on aqueduct inlet top; Snorkel and dust-collecting bucket joining place are fixed with the PVC glue sealing.
The design characteristic of snorkel is: both guaranteed that the atmospheric pressure in the dust-collecting bucket is constant, the percolating water that collects in the dust-collecting bucket can be extracted out smoothly, avoided rainwater directly to enter dust-collecting bucket again.
The rising pipe upper end extend out to ground, has activity to seal, and the lower end is to aqueduct inlet below, with dust-collecting bucket distance from bottom≤1cm; Rising pipe and dust-collecting bucket joining place are fixed with the PVC glue sealing.
The outer diameter of suction hose is less than the rising pipe inner diameter, and length is greater than rising pipe length.Suction hose can stretch into dust-collecting bucket via rising pipe, and the one end can reach the bottom of bucket.
The design feature of rising pipe and drinking-water pipe is: having the soil body to cover to keep pumping conduit under the effects such as extruding, buoyancy of water unimpeded, and the interior all water of assurance dust-collecting bucket can both be drawn out of.
Pump bowl can adopt the syringe of PVC material, and the rate of air sucked in required of syringe is greater than the suction hose internal volume; Syringe mouth can be inserted in the suction hose and fit tightly with it.
The present invention has realized the original position water intaking, avoids excavation water intaking trench, has reduced the restriction of topographic condition to experiment, has reduced the difficulty of construction of burying experimental provision underground.When the water yield of having collected in needs taking-up dust-collecting bucket inside is measured, do not need to take out and open dust-collecting bucket, easy to operate.
Construction and sampling
The level that marks package unit on the face of land is taken up an area of scope and is excavated groove.The soil layer soil of water leg top wants layering to fetch earth, and every layer of soil is placed apart.
Soil box digs dark assurance and is observed soil layer and is positioned at water leg top, and snorkel and rising pipe upper end are positioned at more than the ground.
With the soil backfill, water leg top soil was wanted back-filling in layers after apparatus main body was laid and put in place.
The soil percolation water that water leg is collected can be drawn out of by rising pipe after being collected in the dust-collecting bucket.Open the rising pipe activity during sampling and seal, suction hose is inserted dust-collecting bucket until the bottom by rising pipe, the soil liquid is extracted out with pump bowl.
Collected specimens reliability height of the present invention, burial and construction is simple and easy.Realized the original position sampling, avoided excavation water intaking trench, reduced the restriction of topographic condition, reduced the difficulty of construction of burying experimental provision underground experiment.External nutrient Leakage Study is from having entered the stage of forecast (survey) and control and modeling, and China also is in the starting stage in corresponding field, and the space of development is very big.Compare with existing percolating water acquisition method, this suit is equipped with construction easily, and disturbance is little, and data are advantage accurately.It will have broad application prospects in the percolating water research field.If adopt standardized device to collect percolating water, can make the research that obtains under the different physical environments have comparability, not only save the saving resources for research but also shortened research cycle.Also do not establish under the situation of collecting the leakage water collecting standard method abroad, if we can grope to set up suitable leakage water collecting method earlier, under the support of complete field test data, promote corollary apparatus, the just possible finally percolating water research method of establishment standard, this has built a good development platform for more deep research work beyond doubt.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of water leg of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of the state of overlooking of harvester of the present invention;
Fig. 3 be harvester of the present invention sectional view.
Embodiment
Water leg, aqueduct, dust-collecting bucket, snorkel, rising pipe, suction hose and pump bowl are the PVC material product and become or plastic products, interface adopts PVC glue or other plastic products, guaranteeing, and in practice of construction, can suitably adjust connection angle between each parts according to topographic condition not by soil corrosion.
Device is used to collect, gather the percolating water of subsurface 40cm soil:
Above-mentioned water leg 1 long 40cm, outer diameter 16cm; Aqueduct 2 long 40cm, outer diameter 5cm, 25 liters of dust-collecting bucket 3 volumes, the high 50cm of bucket; Infiltration hole 4 diameter 1cm, the hole heart is apart from 5～7cm (infiltration shown in Figure 1 hole number is not actual conditions); Rising pipe 5 long 100cm, inner diameter 1.5cm; Ventilation pipe range 70cm, inner diameter 1cm, suction hose 7 long 110cm, outer diameter 1cm; The long 100cm of pump bowl 8 stack shells, inner diameter 8cm.Above parameter can be regulated according to the experiment needs, and principle is with reference to the structure explanation and the principle explanation of preamble.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of nonirrigated farmland leakage water collecting harvester is characterized in that horizontally disposed water leg is the semi-cylindrical shaped container, and its plane upwards offers some infiltrations hole on the plane, and the water leg bottom is communicated with the dust-collecting bucket of sealing by aqueduct; This dust-collecting bucket upper end is provided with snorkel and rising pipe.
2, nonirrigated farmland as claimed in claim 1 leakage water collecting harvester is characterized in that: in the both sides of dust-collecting bucket or respectively be provided with some water legs on every side; The planar section of the top of dust-collecting bucket and the water leg of its both sides is arranged in the same plane, and snorkel and rising pipe are perpendicular to plane, water leg place.
3, nonirrigated farmland as claimed in claim 1 or 2 leakage water collecting harvester is characterized in that: be provided with suction hose and pump bowl in addition, pump bowl is connected the rising pipe upper end by suction hose.
4, nonirrigated farmland as claimed in claim 3 leakage water collecting harvester, it is characterized in that: the diameter of described aqueduct less than with described water leg, an end communicates with the bottom of water leg one end, interface is fixed with PVC glue, other end access set bucket, inlet is positioned at dust-collecting bucket top; Aqueduct and dust-collecting bucket joining place are with rubber washer.
5, nonirrigated farmland as claimed in claim 4 leakage water collecting harvester, it is characterized in that: the height of dust-collecting bucket is greater than the water leg diameter, and volume is greater than the water leg internal volume.
6, nonirrigated farmland as claimed in claim 1 leakage water collecting harvester, it is characterized in that: the upper end of described snorkel extend out to ground, elbow, mouthful end down, the lower end remains on aqueduct inlet top; This snorkel and dust-collecting bucket joining place sealing and fixing; Described rising pipe upper end extend out to ground, has activity to seal, and the lower end is to aqueduct inlet below, with dust-collecting bucket distance from bottom≤1cm; Rising pipe and dust-collecting bucket joining place sealing and fixing.
7, nonirrigated farmland as claimed in claim 1 leakage water collecting harvester, it is characterized in that: described suction hose outer diameter is less than the rising pipe inner diameter, and length is greater than rising pipe length; Described pump bowl rate of air sucked in required is greater than the suction hose internal volume, and syringe mouth can be inserted in the suction hose and fit tightly with it.
8, as the described nonirrigated farmland of one of claim 4～7 leakage water collecting harvester, it is characterized in that: except that pump bowl pin mouth is metal is made, water leg, aqueduct, dust-collecting bucket, snorkel, rising pipe, suction hose and pump bowl, be PVC material product or common plastics goods, interface adopts PVC glue or other plastic products.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100379070A CN100529720C (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2006-01-20 | Vadose water collector indry land |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100379070A CN100529720C (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2006-01-20 | Vadose water collector indry land |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1818603A CN1818603A (en) | 2006-08-16 |
| CN100529720C true CN100529720C (en) | 2009-08-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006100379070A Expired - Fee Related CN100529720C (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2006-01-20 | Vadose water collector indry land |
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Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101246093B (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2010-12-15 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Drain collecting pipe and device under paddy-upland rotation condition |
| CN101839821A (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2010-09-22 | 上海市环境科学研究院 | Plough layer soil percolating water collecting device |
| CN101839825A (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2010-09-22 | 上海市环境科学研究院 | Runoff collection device for use in dry farmland |
| CN101949783A (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2011-01-19 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Farmland in-situ soil leaching solution collector and using method thereof |
| CN102331282B (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2014-07-02 | 中国林业科学研究院 | Leakage test recorder for soil deep water yield |
| CN102706700A (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2012-10-03 | 中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所 | Soil leachate sampling device |
| CN103018795B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2015-10-14 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of litter cuts the determinator holding rainfall |
| CN103076203A (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2013-05-01 | 沈阳大学 | Experimental facility for collecting leachate during mining wasteland remediation |
| CN103698156B (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-10-15 | 浙江大学 | System and method for collecting runoffs from flooded rice field |
| CN104729884A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-06-24 | 天津市环境保护科学研究院 | Farmland nitrogen loss lateral-seepage collecting device |
| CN105334076B (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2017-12-26 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | A kind of agricultural land soil percolating water draw-out device and its method |
| CN106017986B (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2020-06-02 | 沈阳大学 | Soil seepage liquid collection experimental device and experimental method thereof |
| CN105842014A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-08-10 | 四川农业大学 | Simple soil seepage water collection device |
| CN106644596A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-05-10 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | In-situ monitoring and sampling device for percolating water in farmland soil |
| CN108226262A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-06-29 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | The original position and dystopy detection device of detection different depth soil pH and Eh and method |
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2006
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Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5403119A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1995-04-04 | Four Seasons Environmental, Inc. | Perforated piling for soil remediation |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1818603A (en) | 2006-08-16 |
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