CN109000967A - The System and method for of the acquisition of native stone binary medium earth pillar and hydrologic parameter measurement - Google Patents
The System and method for of the acquisition of native stone binary medium earth pillar and hydrologic parameter measurement Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 149
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the System and method fors of a kind of acquisition of native stone binary medium earth pillar and hydrologic parameter measurement, belong to soil-column test technical field.Earth pillar gathered in advance is placed in specific device by the present invention, is detected to it.The present invention can be good at guaranteeing soil column structure, physical property, the integrality of chemical property and stability, effectively overcome the embedded obstacle for taking cubic metre of earth formula to can not be successfully because of more rubble, accurately acquiring soil column of traditional external force；Flexibly, operation is convenient, laborsaving for size setting, is injected gap filler with blind by the injection orifice around sampler, can satisfy the acquisition requirement of the original earth pillar of large scale；It can satisfy burying in advance compared with multisensor by injection orifice, reduce and destroyed caused by earth pillar secondary development, improve the accuracy of soil-column test monitoring.For the soil column containing rubble taken closer to reset condition, the research for subsequent native stone binary medium provides more scientific accurate test specimen.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the apparatus and method of a kind of acquisition of native stone binary medium earth pillar and its hydrologic parameter measurement, belong to
Soil-column test technical field.
Background technique
Soil column refers to the non-disturbance earth pillar for not destroyed own nature structure by external force, and earth pillar does not produce in sampling process
The deformations such as raw torsion, compacting.Undisturbed soil column collecting is the important sampling side of multiple subjects such as geology, agrology, agronomy, forestry
One of method is the important prerequisite for measuring the soil physical properties such as bulk density, carrying out water salt penetration and penetration test.
Wild jujube in Taihang Mountain Area is one of the Important Water Source in China North China Plain, the widely distributed native stone two end number mixing medium in hillside.
Rubble greatly changes the basic physical property and structure of soil, causes the water characteristic parameters of native Mountainous Area soil under
It seeps, produce Process of Confluence different from homogeneous soil.The research of soil column rich in rubble is conducive to be better understood by native stone two
First blending agent design feature and soil moisture-solute migration rule.
Currently, the acquisition of soil column mainly has earth boring auger to take soil and two kinds of sampling modes of cutting ring sample.Both modes
Sampling theorem is to apply external force to drilling pipe or cutting ring, after so that container is completely embedded into soil, container is integrally taken out and is modified.This
The shortcomings that two ways, is: be only applicable to the acquisition of homogeneous soil sample, if in soil exist thicker root system or rubble, drilling pipe or
Earth boring auger is highly vulnerable to breakage the natural prototype structure of earth pillar to the course of exerting pressure of obstruction, and can greatly increase manual labor's intensity；Separately
Outside, they are only applicable to the acquisition of diameter Yu the lesser soil column of height, this designs for follow-up test and is added to office with operation
It is sex-limited；During carrying out soil column permeability test, to obtain moisture, the salinity monitoring data of each layer of earth pillar, often need
It to drill in earth pillar to bury water salt sensor, this can greatly destroy the original state structure of earth pillar.
Summary of the invention
For the defect or deficiency of above-mentioned existing method, a kind of acquisition of native stone binary medium earth pillar disclosed by the invention and
The System and method for technical problems to be solved of its hydrologic parameter measurement are: realize to the acquisition of native stone binary medium earth pillar and its
Hydrologic parameter measurement, and have the advantages that (1) is smaller to the disturbance of soil column, it can be good at guaranteeing soil column knot
Structure, physical property, the integrality of chemical property and stability effectively overcome traditional external force is embedded to take cubic metre of earth formula because of more rubble
And can not be successfully, accurately acquire soil column obstacle；(2) flexibly, operation is convenient, laborsaving for size setting, passes through sampler week
The injection orifice enclosed injects gap filler with blind, can satisfy the acquisition requirement of the original earth pillar of large scale；(3) by injection
Hole can satisfy burying in advance compared with multisensor, reduces and destroys caused by earth pillar secondary development, improve soil-column test monitoring
Accuracy.For the soil column containing rubble taken closer to reset condition, the research for subsequent native stone binary medium provides more section
Learn accurate test specimen.
To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of acquisition of soil stone binary medium earth pillar and storage device, as undisturbed soil column collecting device 1；
The undisturbed soil column collecting device 1 includes: cylinder, is placed on the whole body in cylinder with the hollow cylinder of hole, is needed
Guarantee that the side wall of the hollow cylinder with hole and cylinder is kept at a distance；The provided circumferentially about of cylinder has injection orifice and sensing to visit
Head mounting hole, sealing-plug, circular seal lid and fixed screw；The injection orifice and sensing probe mounting hole are provided with sealing-plug；
It is provided with through-hole at the sealing-plug center being sealed on mounting hole, for across sensing probe and conducting wire；Earth pillar is placed on circle
In column, cylinder both ends are connect with circular seal lid by fixed screw, the storage and transport for earth pillar；
The material of the cylinder and circular seal lid is organic glass；
A kind of hydrologic parameter measurement device of soil stone binary medium earth pillar, including undisturbed soil column collecting device, water supply device, water
Sample collection device and sensor measuring instrument.The undisturbed soil column collecting device and water supply device, water sample collection device pass through screw
Connection is for soil-column test to measure its hydrologic parameter.
The water supply device includes the water filter for loading glass sand, and water filter bottom offers round permeable hole, the filter
Hydrophone is fixedly connected with undisturbed soil column collecting device, is washed away with reducing water flow to soil horizon；Rainfall is set up above the water filter
Device, the rain controller are connect by conduit with Markov bottle；Force (forcing) pump and the first tongs are provided on pipeline；Markov bottle passes through
Conduit is connect with funnel；The second tongs and third tongs are provided on conduit, for intaking and being discharged；
Further, the water supply device of the Markov bottle includes: the bottle body of closed cylinder-shaped organic glass, the bottle
Feed water inlet is set on the downside of body, and the gas-guide tube in water in bottle and having regulating valve, and leading for water filling are inserted into setting at the top of bottle body
Water pipe, the aqueduct are equipped with switch valve, and the bottle body is equipped with the air level of calibration bottle body level.
The water sample collection device includes funnel, and the round organic glass with round permeable hole is connected to above the funnel
Plate, poly (methyl methacrylate) plate surrounding have for being connected to screw hole together with cylinder, are furnished with sampling beaker, funnel setting below funnel
There is piston to control water outlet.
The sensor measuring instrument includes the sensing probe buried in advance into earth pillar, and sensing probe is selected according to test demand
Select pressure, moisture, salinity monitoring probe；The sensing probe is fixed on above-mentioned undisturbed soil column collecting device by sealing-plug with holes
In sensing probe mounting hole, and it is connect with external data receiver.
The present invention opens a kind of acquisition of public native stone binary medium earth pillar and its measuring method of hydrologic parameter, for described
A kind of system of acquisition and its hydrologic parameter measurement of soil stone binary medium earth pillar, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: sampled point is chosen.The hillside of representative relatively flat is chosen as sample point, it is rotten to clear up earth's surface
Matter layer is grown, and smooth processing is carried out to sampling region.
Step 2: production exposed soil column.Production diameter be slightly less than the whole body hollow cylinder diameter with hole, highly with
The consistent exposed soil column of undisturbed soil column collecting device.Earth pillar range to be taken is taken firstly, drawing in earth's surface, diameter and the whole body are with hole
Hollow cylinder diameter is consistent.Region outside earth pillar range to be taken normally digs out surrounding soil, retains central earth pillar, digs extremely
It is required that carefully modify central earth pillar to diameter after depth with scuppit and scissors and be slightly less than hollow cylinder of the whole body with hole,
Hollow cylinder of the whole body with hole is set easily to be inserted in exposed soil column.
Step 3: undisturbed soil column collecting device is placed.The whole body by diameter slightly larger than exposed soil column is with the hollow circuit cylinder of hole
Body is carefully vertically inserted in the exposed soil column modified, and the process of being inserted in avoids hollow cylinder of the whole body with hole from touching exposed soil
Then the cylinder of undisturbed soil column collecting device is inserted in hollow cylinder among the above by column.
Step 4: installation sensing probe.The sealing-plug that sensing probe is first passed through to drilling, between sensing probe and sealing-plug
Hole sealed with glass cement, the above-mentioned sealing-plug equipped with sensing probe is carefully then inserted into the soil body from sensing probe mounting hole
In, sealing-plug closes sensing probe mounting hole, to realize sealing, is also ready for the data acquisition in later period；
Step 5: joint filling.Polyurethane high-foaminess flashing compound is infused from the injection orifice around undisturbed soil column collecting device
Enter the gap between exposed soil column and cylinder, gap filler passes through after hollow cylinder of the whole body with hole that exposed soil column side is complete
Package, gap filler are expanded by itself by the gap filling in earth pillar after inserting gap.After joint filling, sealed with sealing-plug
All injection orifices are stood to underfill cures, and wrap up undisturbed soil column collecting device with preservative film and waterproof bag.
Step 6: the separation and sealing of earth pillar.Extra foam is removed after solidification, behind equating earth pillar top surface, with solid
Determine screw and circular seal lid is mounted on column top.Then, along undisturbed soil column collecting device lower edge that earth pillar is sawed-off, equating bottom surface
Circular seal lid is mounted on cylindrical base with fixed screw again.
Step 7: the measurement of native stone binary medium soil column hydrologic parameter.
1, the assembling of the hydrologic parameter measurement device of native stone binary medium earth pillar.
It is mounted on undisturbed soil column collecting device sensing probe by above-mentioned and is connect by conducting wire with external data receiver.By original state
The lid of circular seal up and down in earth pillar collector removes, and water sample collection device is then passed through round organic glass with fixed screw
The screw hole reserved on plate is connect with cylindrical base, and water supply device is passed through screw hole and cylinder reserved on water filter with fixed screw
Top connection.When cylinder is connect with water sample collection device, water supply device, filter paper and nylon wire are placed in its junction.
2, the measurement of porosity, specific yield, specific retention and section moisture content distribution curve.
Funnel passes through conduit and Markov bottle connection；It need to guarantee that the water surface in Markov bottle should be higher than that earth pillar upper surface.It closes and lives
Plug and the first tongs, open the second tongs and third tongs, and the water in Markov bottle is made to pass through conduit and funnel from bottom
It supplies water to soil column, is saturated it gradually from lower part, stop water inlet immediately after moisture film occurs in earth pillar upper surface, intake at this time
Volume is Vin, that is, being saturated soil column needs water volume；After sufficiently full water, closes the first tongs, the second tongs and third and stop
Water folder, opens piston, the abundant gravity of earth pillar is made to release water, collects the water of earth pillar discharge with sampling beaker, and records saturation earth pillar and fill
Divide and releases water volume as Vout；After earth pillar sufficiently releases water, each layer soil water content is read with sensor measuring instrument.
The calculation formula of earth pillar average pore is as follows:
N=Vin/V；
V=π r2H；
Wherein, n is earth pillar average pore；VinWater volume is needed for saturation soil column；V is earth pillar actual volume；R is soil
Column real radius；H is earth pillar height.
Earth pillar specific yield, the calculation formula of specific retention are as follows:
μ=Vout/V；
Sr=(V-Vout)/V；
Wherein, μ is earth pillar specific yield；VoutWater volume is sufficiently released for saturation earth pillar；SrFor earth pillar specific retention.
Each sensing probe is measured at a distance from cylinder top surface, as ordinate, is connect with each sensing probe by external data
It is bent can to obtain the distribution of soil column section moisture content as abscissa graphing for the soil moisture data that receipts device obtains
Line.
3, the measurement of the full water permeability coefficient of earth pillar.
Funnel passes through conduit and Markov bottle connection；It need to guarantee that the water surface in Markov bottle should be higher than that earth pillar upper surface.It closes and lives
Plug and the first tongs, open the second tongs and third tongs, and the water in Markov bottle is made to pass through conduit and funnel from bottom
It supplies water to soil column, is saturated it gradually from lower part, stop water inlet immediately after moisture film occurs in earth pillar upper surface.
The second tongs, third tongs are closed, the first tongs and piston are opened, the water in Markov bottle is by adding at this time
Press pump supplies water by rain controller and water filter to earth pillar.Until then the numerical stability in external data receiver records each biography
Pressure head at sense probe installing port and the distance apart from cylinder top surface, are thus calculated between each neighboring sensor probe
Head pressure difference Δ h and separation delta 1, while measuring the water flow of outlet pipe.Then, Markov bottle height of water level is readjusted,
And it repeats the above steps and carries out test of many times.
The formula for calculating the full water permeability coefficient of earth pillar using Darcy's law is as follows, for testing the data obtained for the first time:
Δh1, i=h1,i-h1, i+1
ΔL1, i=L1, i-L1, i+1
I1, i=Δ h1, i/ΔL1, i
K1, i=Q/ (AI1, i)
Wherein, h1,iFor the pressure head at i-th of sensing probe in first time test, L1, i isFor the first time i-th in test
Distance away from 101 top surface of cylinder at sensing probe, △ h1,iFor first time test between i-th and i+1 sensing probe
Pressure head is poor, △ L1,iFor the range difference in first time test between i-th and i+1 sensing probe, I1,iTo try for the first time
Test the hydraulic gradient between i+1 sensing probe, K i-th1,iIt is visited for i-th in first time test with i+1 sensing
Full water permeability coefficient between head, m are the sensing probe total quantity being mounted in earth pillar, and Q is the infiltration flow below earth pillar, and A is
Earth pillar area of section, K1The full water permeability coefficient of measured soil column is tested for first time.
Adjustment water inlet height of water level, progress n times repeat test and are averaging and then acquire the full water permeability coefficient of soil column.
The utility model has the advantages that
1, the System and method for of acquisition and its hydrologic parameter measurement of a kind of native stone binary medium earth pillar disclosed by the invention,
Exposed soil column processed is dug in advance in sample point, and earth pillar sampler is then inserted in a manner of no pressure, can effectively be avoided in collection process
Because encountering rubble due to the destruction caused by earth pillar prototype structure；Injection orifice is set around earth pillar sampler, can not only be passed through
Injection orifice buries sensing device in advance in earth pillar to reduce disturbance of the secondary production to earth pillar structure, and can be by polyurethane
High-foaminess flashing compound from injection orifice inject earth pillar be sufficient filling with exposed soil column and sample wall between hole, avoid because
Earth pillar is bonded with chamber wall closely not to be generated non-protogenous macropore flow and influences the science of test result, accuracy.And then have
Have the following advantages: this method is smaller to the disturbance of soil column, can be good at guaranteeing soil column structure, physical property, change
The integrality and stability for learning property effectively overcome traditional external force is embedded take cubic metre of earth formula to can not be successfully because of more rubble, is quasi-
The really obstacle of acquisition soil column.
2, the System and method for of acquisition and its hydrologic parameter measurement of a kind of native stone binary medium earth pillar disclosed by the invention,
Size setting flexibly, operates convenient, laborsaving, (scheme and reason corresponding relationship), by the injection orifice around sampler by joint filling
Agent is injected with blind, can satisfy the acquisition requirement of the original earth pillar of large scale.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of undisturbed soil column collecting device；
Fig. 2 is the top view of undisturbed soil column collecting device；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the hydrologic parameter measurement device of native stone binary medium earth pillar；
Fig. 4 is the main view and top view that the water filter of glass sand is loaded in water supply device 2；
Fig. 5 is the main view and top view that funnel is combined with round poly (methyl methacrylate) plate in water sample collection device 3.
Wherein: 1-undisturbed soil column collecting device, 101-cylinders, 102-injection orifices, 103-sensing probe mounting holes,
104-sealing-plugs, 105-circular seal lids, 106-fixed screws, hollow cylinder of the whole body 107- with hole, 2-are supplied water
Device, 201-water filters, 202-rain controllers, 203-force (forcing) pumps, 204-Markov bottles, 205-round permeable holes, 206-1-
First tongs, the second tongs of 206-2-, 206-3-third tongs, 207-conduits, 3-water sample collection devices,
301-funnels, 302-round poly (methyl methacrylate) plates, 303-sampling beakers, 304-funnel stopcocks, 4-sensor measuring instruments,
401-sensing probes, 402-external data receivers.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in more detail presently in connection with attached drawing, these attached drawings are simplified schematic diagram, only
Illustrate the basic structure of invention in a schematic way, therefore it only shows the composition relevant to the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of acquisition of soil stone binary medium earth pillar and storage device, as undisturbed soil column collecting device 1；
The undisturbed soil column collecting device 1 includes: that cylinder 101, the hollow cylinder 107 by the whole body with hole are placed in circle
In column 101, it need to guarantee that hollow cylinder 107 of the whole body with hole and the side wall of cylinder 101 are kept at a distance；The circle of cylinder 101
Injection orifice 102 and sensing probe mounting hole 103, sealing-plug 104, circular seal lid 105 and fixed screw 106 are provided on week；
The injection orifice 102 is provided with sealing-plug 104 with sensing probe mounting hole 103；The sealing-plug being sealed on mounting hole
It is provided with through-hole at 104 centers, for across sensing probe and conducting wire；Earth pillar is placed in cylinder 101,101 both ends of cylinder and circle
Shape sealing cover 105 is connected by fixed screw 106, the storage and transport for earth pillar；
The material of the cylinder 101 and circular seal lid 104 is organic glass；
A kind of hydrologic parameter measurement device of soil stone binary medium earth pillar, including undisturbed soil column collecting device 1, water supply device 2,
Water sample collection device 3 and sensor measuring instrument 4.The undisturbed soil column collecting device 1 and water supply device 2, water sample collection device 3 are logical
Screw connection is crossed for soil-column test to measure its hydrologic parameter.
The water supply device 2 includes the water filter 201 for loading glass sand, and the bottom of water filter 201 offers round permeable hole
205, the water filter 201 is fixedly connected with undisturbed soil column collecting device 1, is washed away with reducing water flow to soil horizon；The drainage
Rain controller 202 is set up above device 201, the rain controller 202 is connect by conduit 207 with Markov bottle 204；It is provided on pipeline
Force (forcing) pump 203 and the first tongs 206-1；Markov bottle 204 is connect by conduit 207 with funnel 301；It is arranged on conduit 207
There are the second tongs 206-2 and third tongs 206-3, for intaking and being discharged；
Further, the water supply device of the Markov bottle includes: the bottle body of closed cylinder-shaped organic glass, the bottle
Feed water inlet is set on the downside of body, and the gas-guide tube in water in bottle and having regulating valve, and leading for water filling are inserted into setting at the top of bottle body
Water pipe, the aqueduct are equipped with switch valve, and the bottle body is equipped with the air level of calibration bottle body level.
The water sample collection device 3 includes funnel 301, and the organic glass of circle with round permeable hole is connected to above the funnel
Glass plate 302, poly (methyl methacrylate) plate surrounding have for being connected to screw hole together with cylinder 101, are furnished with sampling beaker below funnel
303, funnel is provided with piston 304 to control water outlet.
The sensor measuring instrument 4 includes the sensing probe 401 buried in advance into earth pillar, and sensing probe 401 is according to examination
Test demand selection pressure, moisture, salinity monitoring probe；The sensing probe 401 is fixed on above-mentioned original by sealing-plug 104 with holes
In the sensing probe mounting hole 103 of shape earth pillar collector 1, and it is connect with external data receiver 402.
The present invention opens a kind of acquisition of public native stone binary medium earth pillar and its measuring method of hydrologic parameter, for described
A kind of native stone binary medium earth pillar acquisition and its hydrologic parameter measurement system, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: sampled point is chosen.The hillside of representative relatively flat is chosen as sample point, it is rotten to clear up earth's surface
Matter layer is grown, and smooth processing is carried out to sampling region.
Step 2: production exposed soil column.Production diameter be slightly less than hollow cylinder 107 diameter 1 of the whole body with hole~
2cm, highly with the consistent exposed soil column of undisturbed soil column collecting device 1.Earth pillar range to be taken is taken firstly, drawing in earth's surface, diameter and week
Hollow cylinder 107 diameter of the body with hole is consistent.Region outside earth pillar range 3cm to be taken normally digs surrounding soil
Out, retain central earth pillar, dig to after requiring depth, carefully modify central earth pillar to diameter with scuppit and scissors and be slightly less than whole body band
107 1~2cm of diameter of hollow cylinder of hole enables hollow cylinder 107 of the whole body with hole to be easily inserted in naked
Earth pillar.
Step 3: undisturbed soil column collecting device 1 is placed.The whole body by diameter slightly larger than exposed soil column is with the hollow circuit cylinder of hole
Body 107 is carefully vertically inserted in the exposed soil column modified, and the process of being inserted in avoids hollow cylinder 107 of the whole body with hole from touching
Then the cylinder 101 of undisturbed soil column collecting device 1 is inserted in hollow cylinder 107 of the above-mentioned whole body with hole by exposed soil column.
Step 4: installation sensing probe 401.Pressure head, soil moisture set sensing probe 401 are first passed through into drilling
Sealing-plug 104, the hole between sensing probe 401 and sealing-plug 104 are sealed with glass cement, are then furnished with sensing probe for above-mentioned
401 sealing-plug 104 is from sensing probe mounting hole 103 carefully the insertion soil body, and sealing-plug 104 is by sensing probe mounting hole 103
Closing is also ready to realize sealing for the data acquisition in later period.
Step 5: joint filling.By polyurethane high-foaminess flashing compound from the injection orifice around undisturbed soil column collecting device 1
Gap between 102 injection exposed soil columns and cylinder 101, gap filler will be naked after passing through hollow cylinder 107 of the whole body with hole
Earth pillar side is completely wrapped up, and gap filler is expanded by itself by the gap filling in earth pillar after inserting gap.After joint filling,
It seals all injection orifices 102 with sealing-plug 104, stands for 24 hours to underfill cures, and with preservative film and waterproof bag package original
Shape earth pillar collector 1.
Step 6: the separation and sealing of earth pillar.Extra foam is removed after solidification, behind equating earth pillar top surface, with solid
Determine screw 106 and circular seal lid 105 is mounted on 101 top of cylinder.Then, earth pillar is sawed along 1 lower edge of undisturbed soil column collecting device
Disconnected, circular seal lid 105 is mounted on 101 bottom of cylinder with fixed screw 106 again by equating bottom surface.
Step 7: the measurement of native stone binary medium soil column hydrologic parameter.
1, the assembling of the hydrologic parameter measurement device of native stone binary medium earth pillar.
2, it is mounted on 1 sensing probe 401 of undisturbed soil column collecting device by above-mentioned and is connected by conducting wire and external data receiver 402
It connects.The lid of circular seal up and down 105 in undisturbed soil column collecting device 1 is removed, is then led to water sample collection device 3 with fixed screw
It crosses the screw hole reserved on round poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 302 to connect with 101 bottom of cylinder, water supply device 2 is passed through into filter with fixed screw
It is connected at the top of the screw hole and cylinder 101 reserved on hydrophone 201.It is connect in cylinder 101 with water sample collection device 3, water supply device 2
When, diameter filter paper identical with earth pillar diameter and nylon wire are placed in its junction.
3, the measurement of porosity, specific yield, specific retention and section moisture content distribution curve.
Funnel 301 passes through conduit 207 and 204 connection of Markov bottle；It need to guarantee that the water surface in Markov bottle 204 should be higher than that on earth pillar
Surface.Closure piston 304 and the first tongs 206-1 open the second tongs 206-2 and third tongs 206-3, make geneva
Water in bottle is supplied water by conduit 207 and funnel 301 from bottom to soil column, is saturated it gradually from lower part, on earth pillar
Surface stops water inlet after there is moisture film immediately, and volume of intaking at this time is Vin, that is, being saturated soil column needs water volume；Sufficiently full water
Afterwards, the first tongs 206-1, the second tongs 206-2 and third tongs 206-3 are closed, piston 301 is opened, fills earth pillar
Divide gravity to release water, collect the water of earth pillar discharge with sampling beaker 303, and records saturation earth pillar and release water volume sufficiently as Vout；Earth pillar
After sufficiently releasing water, each layer soil water content is read with sensor measuring instrument 4.
The calculation formula of earth pillar average pore is as follows:
N=Vin/V；
V=π r2H；
Wherein, n is earth pillar average pore；VinWater volume is needed for saturation soil column；V is earth pillar actual volume；R is soil
Column real radius；H is earth pillar height.
Earth pillar specific yield, the calculation formula of specific retention are as follows:
μ=Vout/V；
Sr=(V-Vout)/V；
Wherein, μ is earth pillar specific yield；VoutWater volume is sufficiently released for saturation earth pillar；SrFor earth pillar specific retention.
Each sensing probe 401 is measured at a distance from 101 top surface of cylinder, as ordinate, is passed through with each sensing probe 401
The soil moisture data that external data receiver 402 obtains can obtain soil column section water as abscissa graphing
Divide content distribution curve.
4, the measurement of the full water permeability coefficient of earth pillar.
Funnel 301 passes through conduit 207 and 204 connection of Markov bottle；It need to guarantee that the water surface in Markov bottle 204 should be higher than that on earth pillar
Surface.Closure piston 304 and the first tongs 206-1 open the second tongs 206-2 and third tongs 206-3, make geneva
Water in bottle is supplied water by conduit 207 and funnel 301 from bottom to soil column, is saturated it gradually from lower part, on earth pillar
Surface stops water inlet after there is moisture film immediately.
The second tongs 206-2 and third tongs 206-3 are closed, the first tongs 206-1 and piston 304 are opened, this
When Markov bottle in water supplied water by rain controller 202 and water filter 201 to earth pillar by force (forcing) pump 203.Until external data connects
Receive the numerical stability in device 402, then record pressure head at each sensing probe installing port and apart from 101 top surface of cylinder away from
From head pressure difference △ h and spacing △ l between each neighboring sensor probe being thus calculated, while measuring going out for outlet pipe
Water flow.Then, Markov bottle height of water level is readjusted, and repeats the above steps and carries out test of many times.
The formula for calculating the full water permeability coefficient of earth pillar using Darcy's law is as follows, for testing the data obtained for the first time:
Δh1, i=h1, i-h1, i+1
ΔL1, i=L1, i-L1, i+1
I1, i=Δ h1, i/ΔL1, i
K1, i=Q/ (AI1, i)
Wherein, h1,iFor the pressure head at i-th of sensing probe in first time test, L1, i isFor the first time i-th in test
Distance away from 101 top surface of cylinder at sensing probe, △ h1,iFor first time test between i-th and i+1 sensing probe
Pressure head is poor, △ L1,iFor the range difference in first time test between i-th and i+1 sensing probe, I1,iTo try for the first time
Test the hydraulic gradient between i+1 sensing probe, K i-th1,iIt is visited for i-th in first time test with i+1 sensing
Full water permeability coefficient between head, m are the sensing probe total quantity being mounted in earth pillar, and Q is the infiltration flow below earth pillar, and A is
Earth pillar area of section, K1The full water permeability coefficient of measured soil column is tested for first time.
Adjustment water inlet height of water level, progress n times repeat test and are averaging and then acquire the full water permeability coefficient of soil column.
Above-described specific descriptions have carried out further specifically the purpose of invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It is bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, the protection model being not intended to limit the present invention
It encloses, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the present invention
Protection scope within.
Claims (6)
1. acquisition and the storage device of a kind of soil stone binary medium earth pillar, it is characterised in that: be undisturbed soil column collecting device (1)；
The undisturbed soil column collecting device (1) includes: that cylinder (101), the hollow cylinder (107) by the whole body with hole are placed in circle
In column (101), it need to guarantee that the hollow cylinder (107) and the side wall of cylinder (101) with hole are kept at a distance；Cylinder (101)
It is provided circumferentially about have injection orifice (102) and sensing probe mounting hole (103), sealing-plug (104), circular seal lid (105) and
Fixed screw (106)；The injection orifice (102) and sensing probe mounting hole (103) are provided with sealing-plug (104)；The sealing
It is provided with through-hole at sealing-plug (104) center on mounting hole, for across sensing probe and conducting wire；Earth pillar is placed on cylinder
(101) in, cylinder (101) both ends and circular seal lid (105) are connect by fixed screw (106), for earth pillar storage and
Transport.
2. acquisition and the storage device of a kind of native stone binary medium earth pillar as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the circle
Column (101) and the material of circular seal lid (104) are organic glass.
3. a kind of hydrologic parameter measurement device of soil stone binary medium earth pillar, it is characterised in that: including undisturbed soil column collecting device
(1), water supply device (2), water sample collection device (3) and sensor measuring instrument (4)；The undisturbed soil column collecting device (1) and confession
Water installations (2), water sample collection device (3) are by screw connection for soil-column test to measure its hydrologic parameter；
The undisturbed soil column collecting device (1) includes: that cylinder (101), the hollow cylinder (107) by the whole body with hole are placed in circle
In column (101), it need to guarantee that the hollow cylinder (107) and the side wall of cylinder (101) with hole are kept at a distance；Cylinder (101)
It is provided circumferentially about have injection orifice (102) and sensing probe mounting hole (103), sealing-plug (104), circular seal lid (105) and
Fixed screw (106)；The injection orifice (102) and sensing probe mounting hole (103) are provided with sealing-plug (104)；The sealing
It is provided with through-hole at sealing-plug (104) center on mounting hole, for across sensing probe and conducting wire；Earth pillar is placed on cylinder
(101) in, cylinder (101) both ends are connect with circular seal lid (105) by fixed screw (106)；
The water supply device (2) includes the water filter (201) for loading glass sand, and water filter (201) bottom offers round permeable
Hole (205), the water filter (201) are fixedly connected with undisturbed soil column collecting device (1), are washed away with reducing water flow to soil horizon；
Rain controller (202) are set up above the water filter (201), the rain controller (202) passes through conduit (207) and Markov bottle (204)
Connection；Force (forcing) pump (203) and the first tongs (206-1) are provided on pipeline；Markov bottle (204) by conduit (207) with
Funnel (301) connection；The second tongs (206-2) and third tongs (206-3) are provided on conduit (207), for intaking
With water outlet；
The water sample collection device (3) includes the funnel (301) with piston (304), funnel (301) and undisturbed soil column collecting device
(1) low side is fixedly connected, and beaker (303) is placed in below funnel (301)；
The sensor measuring instrument (4) includes the sensing probe (401) buried in advance into earth pillar；The sensing probe (401)
It is connect with external data receiver (402).
4. a kind of hydrologic parameter measurement device of native stone binary medium earth pillar as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Sensing probe (401) is pressure, moisture or salinity monitoring probe.
5. a kind of acquisition and storage method of soil stone binary medium earth pillar, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
Step 1: choosing sampled point；The hillside of representative relatively flat is chosen as sample point, clears up earth's surface humus
Layer, and smooth processing is carried out to sampling region；
Step 2: production exposed soil column；Production diameter is slightly less than the diameter of hollow cylinder (107) of the whole body with hole, height
With the consistent exposed soil column of undisturbed soil column collecting device (1)；It is drawn in earth's surface and takes earth pillar range to be taken, diameter and the whole body are with hole
Hollow cylinder (107) diameter is consistent；Region outside earth pillar range to be taken normally digs out surrounding soil, retains center soil
Column is dug to after requiring depth, is carefully modified central earth pillar to diameter with scuppit and scissors and is less than hollow circle of the whole body with hole
Cylinder (107) diameter enables hollow cylinder (107) diameter of the whole body with hole to be inserted in exposed soil column；
Step 3: placing undisturbed soil column collecting device (1)；Hollow cylinder (107) diameter by the whole body with hole is inserted in step
Two obtained exposed soil columns, the process of being inserted in avoid hollow cylinder (107) diameter of the whole body with hole from touching exposed soil column, then will
The cylinder (101) of undisturbed soil column collecting device (1) is inserted in hollow cylinder (107) of the above-mentioned whole body with hole；
Step 4: installation sensing probe (401)；Sensing probe (401) are first passed through into center sealing-plug (104) with holes, sensing
Hole between probe (401) and sealing-plug (104) is sealed with glass cement, is then mounted in sensing probe mounting hole (103),
To realize the sealing at sensing probe mounting hole (103), also it is ready for the data acquisition in later period；
Step 5: joint filling；Injection orifice by polyurethane high-foaminess flashing compound from undisturbed soil column collecting device (1) around
(102) gap between exposed soil column and cylinder (101) is injected, so that gap filler is completely wrapped up exposed soil column side, gap filler is being inserted
It is expanded by itself by the gap filling in earth pillar behind gap；After joint filling, all injection orifices are sealed with sealing-plug (104)
(102), it stands to underfill cures, both ends are encapsulated by circular seal lid (105), and wrap up original state with preservative film and waterproof bag
Earth pillar collector (1)；
Step 6: the separation and sealing of earth pillar；Remove extra foam after solidification, it, will be round close behind equating earth pillar top surface
Capping (105) is mounted at the top of cylinder (101)；Then, along undisturbed soil column collecting device (1), lower edge is sawed-off by earth pillar, equating bottom surface
Another circular seal lid (105) is mounted on cylinder (101) bottom again.
6. a kind of measuring method of the hydrologic parameter of soil stone binary medium earth pillar, it is characterised in that: specific step is as follows:
Step 1: choosing sampled point；The hillside of representative relatively flat is chosen as sample point, clears up earth's surface humus
Layer, and smooth processing is carried out to sampling region；
Step 2: production exposed soil column；Production diameter is slightly less than the diameter of hollow cylinder (107) of the whole body with hole, height
With the consistent exposed soil column of undisturbed soil column collecting device (1)；It is drawn in earth's surface and takes earth pillar range to be taken, diameter and the whole body are with hole
Hollow cylinder (107) diameter is consistent；Region outside earth pillar range to be taken normally digs out surrounding soil, retains center soil
Column is dug to after requiring depth, is carefully modified central earth pillar to diameter with scuppit and scissors and is less than hollow circle of the whole body with hole
Cylinder (107) diameter enables hollow cylinder (107) diameter of the whole body with hole to be inserted in exposed soil column；
Step 3: placing undisturbed soil column collecting device (1)；Hollow cylinder (107) diameter by the whole body with hole is inserted in step
Two obtained exposed soil columns, the process of being inserted in avoid hollow cylinder (107) diameter of the whole body with hole from touching exposed soil column, then will
The cylinder (101) of undisturbed soil column collecting device (1) is inserted in hollow cylinder (107) of the above-mentioned whole body with hole；
Step 4: installation sensing probe (401)；Sensing probe (401) are first passed through into center sealing-plug (104) with holes, sensing
Hole between probe (401) and sealing-plug (104) is sealed with glass cement, is then mounted in sensing probe mounting hole (103),
To realize the sealing at sensing probe mounting hole (103), also it is ready for the data acquisition in later period；
Step 5: joint filling；Injection orifice by polyurethane high-foaminess flashing compound from undisturbed soil column collecting device (1) around
(102) gap between exposed soil column and cylinder (101) is injected, so that gap filler is completely wrapped up exposed soil column side, gap filler is being inserted
It is expanded by itself by the gap filling in earth pillar behind gap；After joint filling, all injection orifices are sealed with sealing-plug (104)
(102), it stands to underfill cures, and wraps up undisturbed soil column collecting device (1) with preservative film and waterproof bag；
Step 6: the separation and sealing of earth pillar；Remove extra foam after solidification, it, will be round close behind equating earth pillar top surface
Capping (105) is mounted at the top of cylinder (101)；Then, along undisturbed soil column collecting device (1), lower edge is sawed-off by earth pillar, equating bottom surface
Another circular seal lid (105) is mounted on cylinder (101) bottom again；
Step 7: the measurement of native stone binary medium soil column hydrologic parameter；
1) measurement of porosity, specific yield, specific retention and section moisture content distribution curve；
Funnel (301) passes through conduit (207) and Markov bottle (204) connection；It need to guarantee that the water surface in Markov bottle (204) should be higher than that soil
Column upper surface；Closure piston (304) and the first tongs (206-1) open the second tongs (206-2) and third tongs
(206-3) makes the water in Markov bottle supply water by conduit (207) and funnel (301) from bottom to soil column, makes it from lower part
It is gradually saturated, stops water inlet immediately after moisture film occurs in earth pillar upper surface, volume of intaking at this time is Vin, i.e. saturation soil column need to
Water volume；After sufficiently full water, the first tongs (206-1), the second tongs (206-2) and third tongs (206-3) are closed,
It opens piston (301), the abundant gravity of earth pillar is made to release water, the water of earth pillar discharge is collected with sampling beaker (303), and record saturated soil
It is V that column, which sufficiently releases water volume,out；After earth pillar sufficiently releases water, each layer soil water content is read with sensor measuring instrument (4)；
The calculation formula of earth pillar average pore is as follows:
N=Vin/V；
V=π r2H；
Wherein, n is earth pillar average pore；VinWater volume is needed for saturation soil column；V is earth pillar actual volume；R is that earth pillar is real
Border radius；H is earth pillar height；
Earth pillar specific yield, the calculation formula of specific retention are as follows:
μ=Vout/V；
Sr=(V-Vout)/V；
Wherein, μ is earth pillar specific yield；VoutWater volume is sufficiently released for saturation earth pillar；SrFor earth pillar specific retention；
Each sensing probe (401) is measured at a distance from cylinder (101) top surface, as ordinate, is passed through with each sensing probe (401)
The soil moisture data that external data receiver (402) obtains can obtain soil column section as abscissa graphing
Moisture content distribution curve；
2) measurement of the full water permeability coefficient of earth pillar；
Funnel (301) passes through conduit (207) and Markov bottle (204) connection；It need to guarantee that the water surface in Markov bottle (204) should be higher than that soil
Column upper surface；Closure piston (304) and the first tongs (206-1) open the second tongs (206-2) and third tongs
(206-3) makes the water in Markov bottle supply water by conduit (207) and funnel (301) from bottom to soil column, makes it from lower part
It is gradually saturated, stops water inlet immediately after moisture film occurs in earth pillar upper surface；
The second tongs (206-2), third tongs (206-3) are closed, the first tongs (206-1) and piston (304) is opened,
The water in Markov bottle is supplied water by rain controller (202) and water filter (201) to earth pillar by force (forcing) pump (203) at this time；Until outer
Then numerical stability in portion's data sink (402) records pressure head at each sensing probe installing port and apart from cylinder
(101) thus the distance of top surface is calculated head pressure difference and spacing between each neighboring sensor probe, while measuring water outlet
The water flow of pipe；Then, Markov bottle height of water level is readjusted, and repeats the above steps and carries out test of many times；
The formula for calculating the full water permeability coefficient of earth pillar using Darcy's law is as follows,
Δh1, i=h1, i-h1, i+1
ΔL1, i=L1, i-L1, i+1
I1, i=Δ h1, i/ΔL1, i
K1, i=Q/ (AI1, i)
Wherein, h1,iFor the pressure head at i-th of sensing probe in first time test, L1, i isI-th of sensing in test for the first time
Distance away from cylinder (101) top surface at probe, △ h1,iFor the pressure in first time test between i-th and i+1 sensing probe
Head difference, △ L1,iFor the range difference in first time test between i-th and i+1 sensing probe, I1,iFor in first time test
Hydraulic gradient between i-th and i+1 sensing probe, K1,iFor first time test between i-th and i+1 sensing probe
Full water permeability coefficient, m is the sensing probe total quantity being mounted in earth pillar, and Q is the infiltration flow below earth pillar, and A is earth pillar
Area of section, K1The full water permeability coefficient of measured soil column is tested for first time；
Adjustment water inlet height of water level, progress n times repeat test and are averaging and then acquire the full water permeability coefficient of soil column；
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