CN110320345A - A kind of portable field capacity auto testing instrument and test method - Google Patents
A kind of portable field capacity auto testing instrument and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110320345A CN110320345A CN201910643369.7A CN201910643369A CN110320345A CN 110320345 A CN110320345 A CN 110320345A CN 201910643369 A CN201910643369 A CN 201910643369A CN 110320345 A CN110320345 A CN 110320345A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008278 dynamic mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940059082 douche Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/245—Earth materials for agricultural purposes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/246—Earth materials for water content
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of portable field capacity auto testing instrument and test methods, it is characterised in that: including water system, osmosis system and data acquisition processing system；Supplied water by soil sample device, water column, the infiltration of soil sample water flow reaches saturation, the acquisition of soil moisture content data and field capacity inquire into calculate and etc. realize the work of the portable field capacity auto testing instrument；Soil sample is permeated from bottom to top by water (flow) direction, convenient for exhaust, improves osmotic efficiency, saturation time is greatly saved；Field capacity is found out respectively according to three pressure sensor testing soil water content data and is averaged as the field capacity finally measured, ensure that the accuracy and reliability of test result；Solve that traditional field capacity test method is time-consuming, laborious, expensive, and technical level, working experience, professional dedication, authority of the tested fix the number of workers of test result etc. is many-sided influences to be difficult to the problem of obtaining satisfactory precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil moisture experimental field more particularly to a kind of portable field capacity auto testing instrument and surveys
Method for testing.
Background technique
Field capacity refers to soil moisture content when soil capillary suspending water reaches greatest measure, i.e. soil irreducible water reaches
Soil moisture content when to greatest measure.It is the important indicator measured field soil and keep moisture, and it is effectively native to be considered as crop
The upper limit of earth moisture has a very important significance field irrigation and crop water management.The measurement result of field capacity
It can be varied because of the difference of determination condition, determining instrument and measuring method, therefore there is no accurate determining method so far.
The measuring method of field capacity is generally divided into field measuring method and indoor measurement method.Field measuring method includes natural
Precipitation method, peripheral frame basin irrigation method (cell douche) and instrumental method etc., and laboratory experiment measuring method includes core cutter method (Wilcocks
Method), pressure modulus method etc..
Natural rainfall method refers to that under the conditions of precipitation and enough precipitation durations, tested natural soils layer reaches saturation shape
State is carrying out field actual measurement by automatic testing station.This method operation is convenient, and directly effectively, and experimental result is most representative.
But more demanding for precipitation and precipitation duration, the measurement period is long, and tester will grasp the precipitation of testing location in real time
Situation makes rapid reaction to qualified area, is otherwise easy to miss best test opportunity.
The peripheral frame method of basining irrigation is to make tested soil by the way that waterproof peripheral frame, the method for manual priming imitation natural rainfall is arranged
It is rapidly achieved naturally osmotic after saturation state, thus the field capacity measured.It needs to carry out covering with ground sheeting et al. during this
Work operation, this method needs to take soil sample in test section to carry out the operations such as laboratory drying measurement, more time-consuming, laborious.
Core cutter method (Wilcocks method), this method sampling are not limited by conditions such as weather, and it is convenient to operate, and saves manpower
Material resources, test value are closer to field capacity.But practical operation program is required strictly, soil sample weighing processing needs more
Finely, it is most important that the destruction that may cause different degree when sampling to soil texture causes measurement result to occur inclined
Difference.
Although pressure membrane method assumes that different soils, the moisture content in field capacity is different, soil base having the same
Matter gesture measures the moisture content under the suction value, as field capacity with pressure membrane instrument.However the determination of the suction value size is but
It varies with each individual, and the factors such as depth of soil, soil moisture influence the suction value, causes field capacity to occur poor
It is different.
New method of the instrumental method as measurement field capacity, is tested using soil moisture, automatically according to water
Dynamic law is divided to find bulk water and molecule water fade inflection point as field capacity, so that the influence of human factor is eliminated,
Make measurement result it is more objective, closer to reality, and this method is time saving, laborsaving, economical, easy to operate.
In conclusion existing method carries out soil saturation heel row and removes bulk water, with true substantially according to soil water lowering pattern
Determine field capacity.Soil water lowering pattern is: when soil reaches saturation, soil moisture is in dynamic balance state, stops supplying water
Afterwards, dynamic equilibrium is destroyed, and soil moisture is begun to decline, and Free water starts to subside under the effect of gravity, and speed ratio is very fast,
Steeper downward trend is presented on moisture change procedure line.After the Free water in soil subsides, soil moisture (constraint
Water) start to subside under molecular force effect, process of extinction is much slower compared with Free water process of extinction, shows on graph relatively flat
Slow decline process.Therefore, it is based on soil moisture dynamic mechanism, the apparatus that the rule can be presented is rationally designed, seeks
A kind of more scientific simple, the objective field capacity determining instrument of clear mechanism, result and method are most important.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of portable field capacity auto testing instrument and test method,
Current approved field capacity measuring method is that peripheral frame basins irrigation method, but this method is time-consuming, laborious, expensive, and field is held
The determination of water is relatively difficult；The measurement accuracy of field capacity directly affects the accuracy of damage caused by a drought assessment achievement；Therefore, it is badly in need of
It studies a kind of new method and instrument solves the problems, such as this.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of portable field capacity auto testing instrument,
Its innovative point is: including water system, osmosis system and data acquisition processing system；The water system is connected to infiltration system
Water source is provided to osmosis system on system；The data acquisition processing system, which is connected by sensor with osmosis system, carries out data receipts
Collection and processing；
The water system includes water supply water column and connection hose；Water filling port and water supply hole and confession are provided on the water supply water column
Water source is provided in water water column；Described connection hose one end is connected on the water supply hole of water supply water column and the end is set on water supply hole
It is equipped with switch valve, the other end of the connection hose is connected on osmosis system, realizes water system by the control of switch valve
Water supply to osmosis system；
The osmosis system includes earth pillar and entry/exit water tank；The side wall of the earth pillar is equidistantly at least arranged along vertical direction
There are three the mounting holes for accommodating pressure sensor；The entry/exit water tank is arranged in the bottom end of earth pillar and between the bottom end of earth pillar
It is connected by flange；Inlet/outlet is provided on the entry/exit water tank, and inlet/outlet passes through connection hose and water supply water column
It is connected；The level height of the entry/exit water tank is lower than the water supply hole level height of water supply water column；The water inlet of the inlet/outlet
Soil sample in earth pillar is set to reach saturation, soil sample moisture in earth pillar is discharged constantly in water outlet；
The data acquisition processing system includes computer, pressure sensor and data collector；The pressure sensor setting
To soil sample progress moisture measurement is tested in earth pillar in mounting hole on earth pillar, pressure sensor monitoring data are passed by pressure
The variation of sensor surfaces pressure and preset algorithm can converse soil moisture content；Pressure sensor is adopted by data line and data
Storage is connected；Data collector is connected with computer.
A kind of test method of portable field capacity auto testing instrument, innovative point are: the specific method is as follows:
S1: device soil sample: will place one layer of copper yarn net on the filter plate in earth pillar, copper yarn net partial size is less than sample partial size, then
Sample is packed into permeability apparatus, and pressure sensor is mounted in the earth pillar gaging hole parallel with pressure-measuring pipe；
S2: water supply water column: being placed into the height of earth pillar or more, filled the water into water supply water column by infiltration soil sample, opens water supply water column
On water supply hole and earth pillar it is enterprising/portal on switch valve, supplied water from earth pillar bottom into earth pillar by hose；
S3: saturation soil sample: constantly soil sample permeates situation in observation earth pillar, when there is water submerged soil sample top moisture film occur, explanation
Soil sample has entirely reached saturation, closes the switch valve on the water supply hole of water supply water column and the entry/exit hole of earth pillar, stops supplying water；
S4: data acquisition: setting sampling time interval opens the entry/exit hole switch valve on earth pillar, and soil sample draining records three
The soil moisture content that pressure sensor measures；When soil water-containing numerical quantity double sampling numerical value change is no more than 0.01%, terminate
Sampling；
S5: field capacity is inquired into: according to soil moisture dynamic mechanism, i.e. bulk water rate of decay is greater than molecule water fade speed
Rate is field capacity at the inflection point on soil moisture content decline curve；Distinguished according to three pressure sensor test datas
It finds out field capacity and averages as the field capacity finally measured.
The present invention has the advantages that
1) water (flow) direction permeates soil sample from bottom to top in the present invention, convenient for exhaust, improves osmotic efficiency；Water supply water column and earth pillar shape
At head difference, soil sample in earth pillar is made to greatly shorten the time raising infiltration effect for making soil sample reach saturation in there is pressure os-motic state
Rate；Solve that traditional field capacity test method is time-consuming, laborious, expensive, and the technology water of the tested fix the number of workers of test result
The problem of various aspects such as flat, working experience, professional dedication, authority influence.
2) earth pillar side wall installs at least three pressure sensors in the present invention, measures and acquires different moments soil respectively and contain
Water, and then according to soil moisture dynamic mechanism, i.e. bulk water rate of decay is greater than molecular water rate of decay, and soil moisture content declines
Moving back at the inflection point on curve is field capacity；Field capacity is found out respectively simultaneously according to three pressure sensor test datas
It averages as the field capacity finally measured, ensure that the reliability of experimental result.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of portable field capacity auto testing instrument of the invention.
Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 is a kind of test method embodiment soil of portable field capacity auto testing instrument of the invention
Change of moisture content figure.
Specific embodiment
The following examples can make professional and technical personnel that the present invention be more fully understood, but therefore not send out this
It is bright to be limited among the embodiment described range.
A kind of portable field capacity auto testing instrument as shown in Figure 1, including water system 1,2 sum number of osmosis system
According to acquisition processing system 3；The water system 1 is connected on osmosis system to osmosis system and provides water source；The data acquisition
Processing system 3, which is connected by sensor with osmosis system 2, carries out data collection and processing.
Water system 1 includes water supply water column 11 and connection hose 12；Water filling port and confession are provided on the water supply water column 11
Water source is provided in water hole 13 and water supply water column 11；Described connection 12 one end of hose be connected on the water supply hole of water supply water column 11 and
The end is provided with switch valve 14 on water supply hole 13, and the other end of the connection hose is connected on osmosis system 2, passes through switch
Water supply of the water system 1 to osmosis system 2 is realized in the control of valve 14.
Osmosis system 2 includes earth pillar 21 and entry/exit water tank 22；The side wall of the earth pillar 21 along vertical direction it is equidistant extremely
There are three the mounting holes for accommodating pressure sensor for few setting；The entry/exit water tank 22 be arranged in the bottom end of earth pillar and with earth pillar 21
Bottom end between by flange be connected；Inlet/outlet is provided on the entry/exit water tank 22, and inlet/outlet is soft by connecting
Pipe 12 is connected with water supply water column 11；The level height of the entry/exit water tank 22 is horizontal lower than the water supply hole 13 of water supply water column 11 high
Degree；The water inlet of the inlet/outlet makes soil sample in earth pillar 21 reach saturation, and soil sample moisture in earth pillar 21 is discharged constantly in water outlet.
Data acquisition processing system 3 includes computer 31, pressure sensor 32 and data collector；The pressure sensor
32 are arranged in the mounting hole on earth pillar to soil sample progress moisture measurement is tested in earth pillar 21, and pressure sensor 32 passes through pressure
Variation and preset algorithm in a computer, can converse soil moisture content；Pressure sensor 32 passes through data line and data
Collector is connected；Data collector is connected with computer 31.
A kind of test method of portable field capacity auto testing instrument, the specific method is as follows:
S1: device soil sample: will place one layer of copper yarn net on the filter plate in earth pillar, copper yarn net partial size is less than sample partial size, sample
Partial size is 0.5-1.2mm, and then sample is packed into permeability apparatus, and it is parallel with pressure-measuring pipe that pressure sensor is mounted on earth pillar
Gaging hole in；
S2: water supply water column: being placed into the height of earth pillar or more, filled the water into water supply water column by infiltration soil sample, opens water supply water column
On water supply hole and earth pillar it is enterprising/portal on switch valve, supplied water from earth pillar bottom into earth pillar by hose；
S3: saturation soil sample: constantly soil sample permeates situation in observation earth pillar, when there is water submerged soil sample top moisture film occur, explanation
Soil sample has entirely reached saturation, closes the switch valve on the water supply hole of water supply water column and the entry/exit hole of earth pillar, stops supplying water；
S4: data acquisition: setting sampling time interval opens the entry/exit hole switch valve on earth pillar, and soil sample draining records three
The soil moisture content that pressure sensor measures；When soil water-containing numerical quantity double sampling numerical value change is no more than 0.01%, terminate
Sampling；
S5: field capacity is inquired into: according to soil moisture dynamic mechanism, i.e. bulk water rate of decay is greater than molecule water fade speed
Rate is field capacity at the inflection point on soil moisture content decline curve；Distinguished according to three pressure sensor test datas
It finds out field capacity and averages as the field capacity finally measured.
It is respectively 15.02%, 14.83%, 14.93% that the field capacity that each sensor measures, which can be obtained, by Fig. 2 to Fig. 4, is made even
Mean value, field capacity final result are 14.92%.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, above-described embodiment and explanation
It is merely illustrated the principles of the invention described in book, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also has
Various changes and modifications, these changes and improvements all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention
It is defined by the appending claims and its equivalent thereof.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of portable field capacity auto testing instrument, it is characterised in that: adopted including water system, osmosis system and data
Collect processing system；The water system is connected on osmosis system to osmosis system and provides water source；The data acquisition process system
System, which is connected by sensor with osmosis system, carries out data collection and processing；
The water system includes water supply water column and connection hose；Water filling port and water supply hole and confession are provided on the water supply water column
Water source is provided in water water column；Described connection hose one end is connected on the water supply hole of water supply water column and the end is set on water supply hole
It is equipped with switch valve, the other end of the connection hose is connected on osmosis system, realizes water system by the control of switch valve
Water supply to osmosis system；
The osmosis system includes earth pillar and entry/exit water tank；The side wall of the earth pillar is equidistantly at least arranged along vertical direction
There are three the mounting holes for accommodating pressure sensor；The entry/exit water tank is arranged in the bottom end of earth pillar and between the bottom end of earth pillar
It is connected by flange；Inlet/outlet is provided on the entry/exit water tank, and inlet/outlet passes through connection hose and water supply water column
It is connected；The level height of the entry/exit water tank is lower than the water supply hole level height of water supply water column；The water inlet of the inlet/outlet
Soil sample in earth pillar is set to reach saturation, soil sample moisture in earth pillar is discharged constantly in water outlet；
The data acquisition processing system includes computer, pressure sensor and data collector；The pressure sensor setting
To soil sample progress moisture measurement is tested in earth pillar in mounting hole on earth pillar, pressure sensor monitoring data are passed by pressure
The variation of sensor surfaces pressure and preset algorithm can converse soil moisture content；Pressure sensor is adopted by data line and data
Storage is connected；Data collector is connected with computer.
2. a kind of test method of portable field capacity auto testing instrument described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: specific
Method is as follows:
S1: device soil sample: will place one layer of copper yarn net on the filter plate in earth pillar, copper yarn net partial size is less than sample partial size, then
Sample is packed into permeability apparatus, and pressure sensor is mounted in the earth pillar gaging hole parallel with pressure-measuring pipe；
S2: water supply water column: being placed into the height of earth pillar or more, filled the water into water supply water column by infiltration soil sample, opens water supply water column
On water supply hole and earth pillar it is enterprising/portal on switch valve, supplied water from earth pillar bottom into earth pillar by hose；
S3: saturation soil sample: constantly soil sample permeates situation in observation earth pillar, when there is water submerged soil sample top moisture film occur, explanation
Soil sample has entirely reached saturation, closes the switch valve on the water supply hole of water supply water column and the entry/exit hole of earth pillar, stops supplying water；
S4: data acquisition: setting sampling time interval opens the entry/exit hole switch valve on earth pillar, and soil sample draining records three
The soil moisture content that pressure sensor measures；When soil water-containing numerical quantity double sampling numerical value change is no more than 0.01%, terminate
Sampling；
S5: field capacity is inquired into: according to soil moisture dynamic mechanism, i.e. bulk water rate of decay is greater than molecule water fade speed
Rate is field capacity at the inflection point on soil moisture content decline curve；Distinguished according to three pressure sensor test datas
It finds out field capacity and averages as the field capacity finally measured.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910643369.7A CN110320345A (en) | 2019-07-17 | 2019-07-17 | A kind of portable field capacity auto testing instrument and test method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910643369.7A CN110320345A (en) | 2019-07-17 | 2019-07-17 | A kind of portable field capacity auto testing instrument and test method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110850058A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-28 | 长安大学 | Leaching test device and using method thereof |
| CN112730800A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-30 | 云南俊联科技有限公司 | Online measuring method for field water holding capacity |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1979162A (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2007-06-13 | 中国农业大学 | Method and apparatus for detecting water-retaining quantity among field of soil |
| CN107525756A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-12-29 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of soil layering characteristic-acquisition method and application |
| CN109000967A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-14 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | The System and method for of the acquisition of native stone binary medium earth pillar and hydrologic parameter measurement |
| CN109991390A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-09 | 吉林省墒情监测中心 | A kind of frequency domain method field capacity measuring method |
-
2019
- 2019-07-17 CN CN201910643369.7A patent/CN110320345A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1979162A (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2007-06-13 | 中国农业大学 | Method and apparatus for detecting water-retaining quantity among field of soil |
| CN107525756A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-12-29 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of soil layering characteristic-acquisition method and application |
| CN109000967A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-14 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | The System and method for of the acquisition of native stone binary medium earth pillar and hydrologic parameter measurement |
| CN109991390A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-09 | 吉林省墒情监测中心 | A kind of frequency domain method field capacity measuring method |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110850058A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-02-28 | 长安大学 | Leaching test device and using method thereof |
| CN110850058B (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2023-11-14 | 长安大学 | Leaching test device and application method thereof |
| CN112730800A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-30 | 云南俊联科技有限公司 | Online measuring method for field water holding capacity |
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