CN115219371A - Uniform flow scouring device for slope - Google Patents
Uniform flow scouring device for slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN115219371A CN115219371A CN202211034562.9A CN202211034562A CN115219371A CN 115219371 A CN115219371 A CN 115219371A CN 202211034562 A CN202211034562 A CN 202211034562A CN 115219371 A CN115219371 A CN 115219371A
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- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 38
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- KHOITXIGCFIULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alophen Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(=O)C)=CC=C1C(C=1N=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=C(OC(C)=O)C=C1 KHOITXIGCFIULA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011981 development test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of slope surface flow testing, and discloses a slope surface uniform flow scouring device which comprises a slope surface uniform flow scouring device and a high-precision camera, wherein the bottom of the slope surface uniform flow scouring device is provided with a bottom frame, the bottom of the bottom frame is provided with a pulley, the slope surface uniform flow scouring device comprises an open channel, one end of the open channel is provided with a water supply system, the inner bottom of the open channel is provided with a sample scouring area, the top of the open channel is provided with a slope regulating device, and the other end of the open channel is provided with a silt collecting device. The slope uniform flow scouring device can accurately control the test slope, the flow velocity and the flow quantity according to the experimental requirements, is convenient to monitor the change conditions of hydrodynamic characteristics of the slope flow before scouring, in the scouring process and after scouring, and clarifies the relation between the soil surface erosion and the uniform flow hydrodynamic characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of slope surface flow testing, in particular to a uniform flow scouring device for a slope surface.
Background
The slope surface flow is one of main driving forces for slope soil loss, hydrodynamic characteristics of the slope surface flow are greatly influenced by soil surface characteristics, and main control factors of slope surface erosion can be analyzed by adjusting the flow speed, the gradient and the like of the slope surface flow, so that the relation between the slope surface flow and a soil erosion hydrodynamic mechanism is defined. At present, the common soil water erosion simulation test method is mainly characterized in that a slope surface with uniform soil surface conditions (vegetation and soil texture) and relatively consistent gradient is selected in the field as a test point, a rainfall simulation device is arranged above the test point, a test area is flushed by thin-layer water flow generated on the soil surface in the rainfall simulation process, the test area is easily influenced by complex underlying surface conditions (such as physical skinning, surface cracks, vegetation coverage and the like) in the field flushing process, the effect of simulated rainfall and slope surface flow flushing on the soil surface is difficult to distinguish, and the relation between the surface gradient and runoff water power characteristics is difficult to determine.
The problems that easily occur in the conventional test process are: 1. difficulty in controlling the slope: under natural conditions, it is difficult to find several sample plots with the same gradient and slope direction and similar planting coverage conditions, so that certain gradient errors exist in secondary tests, and the test data are inaccurate. 2. Controlling the slope flow velocity and flow: in the process of carrying out the experiment in the field, it is difficult to grasp the quantitative relation between the flow and the flow velocity, and it is difficult to meet the requirement of the experimental design. 3. Lack of hydraulic characteristic monitoring: due to the difficulty in carrying out hydrodynamic feature monitoring in the field, the relationship between soil erosion and slope hydraulic characteristics is difficult to reveal due to the lack of hydrodynamic feature monitoring. 4. The field development test is easily influenced by weather, the water content of surface soil is changed under different weather conditions, so that the initial condition of the underlying surface is changed, and the quantitative relation between the hydrodynamic characteristics of the slope surface and the soil erosion is difficult to realize under the constraint of the existing test instrument under the field condition; 5. in a traditional field test, the slope surface flow generated by rainfall simulation is used for scouring the soil surface, so that the influence of the slope surface flow and the rainfall simulation on the soil surface erosion is difficult to distinguish; 6. the previous test has great uncertainty factor to the flow state of the slope surface flow, and the single slope surface uniform flow is difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a slope uniform flow scouring device to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the slope uniform flow scouring device comprises a slope uniform flow scouring device and a high-precision camera, wherein the bottom of the slope uniform flow scouring device is provided with a bottom frame, and the bottom of the bottom frame is provided with a pulley;
the slope surface uniform flow scourer comprises an open channel, wherein a water supply system is arranged at one end of the open channel, a sample scouring area is arranged at the inner bottom of the open channel, a slope adjusting device is arranged at the top of the open channel, and a sediment collecting device is arranged at the other end of the open channel;
the below of silt collection device is provided with the collecting vessel, the high accuracy camera sets up in one side of silt collection device and is relative with silt collection device.
Preferably, the inside of water supply system is provided with the division board, the division board is separated water supply system for intake district and overflow district, intake district bottom is provided with the water inlet.
The partition board is evenly distributed with small hole channels with the same size, when water flow enters the water inlet area, the water flow passes through the small hole channels on the partition board to enter the overflow area, so that the kinetic energy of the water body can be reduced, the water flow is changed into slow flow from turbulent flow, and slowly and evenly flows into the open channel, the surface of the open channel is smooth, and the water flow can freely move downwards in the open channel in a mode of evenly flowing thin-layer water flow.
Preferably, slope adjusting device includes telescopic link and steering wheel, fixed connection between slope adjusting device and the chassis, the steering wheel sets up on the lateral wall of telescopic link, connects the telescopic link part of steering wheel comprises a cylindric metal pole, the design has the screw thread on the cylindric metal pole, the another side of telescopic link comprises a hollow pole.
When a steering wheel on the slope adjusting device is rotated, the telescopic rod can be controlled to stretch and retract, so that the slope of the open channel is changed, and the adjusting range of the slope is 5-60 degrees.
Preferably, the sample erodees the district and erodees the district with open channel internal partitioning for three region, is upper portion, sample respectively and erodees district, lower part, all is provided with the scale on the inside wall of the open channel on both sides about every region.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the adjustable gradient range is wide: the gradient is 5-60 degrees, and the fixed gradient can be obtained according to different test requirements;
2. control of the underlying surface conditions in the test area: the soil surface under the field condition has great heterogeneity (such as vegetation cover, soil surface broken stones, cracks and the like), and a plurality of sample plots with the same soil surface condition are difficult to obtain, so that a certain error exists in the test; in the test, soil samples with similar surface conditions are collected back to a laboratory for scouring by using a cutting ring method, and the heterogeneity of the soil surface is greatly reduced by the small cutting ring surface, so that the test error is reduced;
3. the influence of the initial soil conditions on the slope flow scouring is not clear under the field conditions (such as initial soil water content), the drying method can be used for determining the initial soil water content of each soil sample in the test, the slope flow power scouring condition under the conditions of different soil water contents can be determined by artificially changing the soil water content (such as saturated water content and unsaturated water content), and the understanding of the slope flow scouring is comprehensively improved;
4. the influence on the dynamic characteristics of the slope surface flowing water is difficult to quantify under the field condition, and the test device can accurately observe the change condition of the uniform flowing water dynamic characteristics of the slope surface before, during and after the scouring of the broken surface flow, so that the dynamic process of the slope surface hydraulic erosion is revealed;
5. the surface of the open channel of the test device is smooth enough, so that slope surface flow is not obstructed by the outside in the flowing process, slope uniform flow meeting the test requirement is obtained, the flow of the slope uniform flow can be changed by changing the water supply power of the peristaltic pump, the test is carried out in a combined mode of obtaining different slopes and flows, and the variable combination condition in the test is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the front view structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the whole front view and the top view of the water supply device, the open channel and the silt collecting device of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a gradient adjustment device according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a uniform flow scourer for the slope; 2. a high-precision camera; 3. a water supply system; 4. an open channel; 5. a sample washout zone; 6. a grade adjustment device; 7. a silt collection device; 8. a separator plate; 9. a water inlet area; 10. an overflow area; 11. a graduated scale; 12. a collection barrel; 13. a chassis; 14. a pulley; 15. a telescopic rod; 16. a steering wheel; 17. a water inlet; 18. a cylindrical metal rod; 19. a hollow rod.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
This embodiment is a specific implementation of a slope uniform flow flushing device.
The slope uniform flow scouring device comprises a slope uniform flow scouring device 1 and a high-precision camera 2, wherein the bottom of the slope uniform flow scouring device 1 is provided with a bottom frame 13, and the bottom of the bottom frame 13 is provided with a pulley 14;
the slope uniform flow scourer 1 comprises an open channel 4, one end of the open channel 4 is provided with a water supply system 3, the inner bottom of the open channel 4 is provided with a sample scouring area 5, the top of the open channel 4 is provided with a slope adjusting device 6, and the other end of the open channel 4 is provided with a sediment collecting device 7;
and a collecting barrel 12 is arranged below the sediment collecting device 7, and the high-precision camera 2 is arranged on one side of the sediment collecting device 7 and is opposite to the sediment collecting device 7.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, after rivers wash away the sample surface, will carry silt to wash away to 7 parts of silt collection device together, this part height is unanimous with open channel 4 surface height, be the shape of falling the trapezoid and gather together the exit of open channel 4 gradually, be convenient for collect silt and water, final rivers are collected completely by a collecting vessel 12 of delivery port below, utilize the dyeing spike agent to survey the velocity of flow, after the rivers state is steady, pour dyeing spike pigment into rivers in, make spike agent and rivers together flow, and utilize high accuracy camera 2 to shoot the flow process of spike agent, so that calculate the surperficial maximum velocity of flow of rivers.
Specifically, the inside of water supply system 3 is provided with division board 8, and division board 8 separates water supply system 3 for intake district 9 and overflow district 10, and intake district 9 bottoms is provided with water inlet 17.
Through the technical scheme, the small hole channels with the same size are uniformly distributed on the partition plate 8, when water flow enters the water inlet area 9, the water flow passes through the small hole channels on the partition plate 8 to enter the overflow area 10, so that the kinetic energy of the water body can be reduced, the water flow is changed from turbulent flow to slow flow, the water flow slowly and uniformly flows into the open channel 4, the surface of the open channel 4 is smooth, the water flow can freely move downwards in the open channel 4 in a uniform flow thin layer water flow mode, and a water inlet 17 which can be directly communicated with a water source is arranged at the bottom of the water inlet area 9.
Specifically, slope adjusting device 6 includes telescopic link 15 and steering wheel 16, fixed connection between slope adjusting device 6 and the chassis 13, and steering wheel 16 sets up on the lateral wall of telescopic link 15, and the flexible pole portion of connecting steering wheel 16 comprises a cylindric metal pole 18, and the design has the screw thread on the cylindric metal pole 18, and the another side of telescopic link 15 comprises a hollow pole 19.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, the inside screw thread shape of hollow rod 19 is unanimous with cylindric metal pole 18, and cylindric metal pole 18 accessible rotatory direction gets into or stretches out hollow rod 19, with the extension or the shortening of realization telescopic link, thereby drive the rotation of open channel, with the slope that changes domatic even flow flusher 1, after the rivers state is steady, pour dyeing tracer pigment into rivers, make tracer and rivers flow together, and utilize high definition camera 2 to shoot the flow process of tracer, so that calculate the surperficial maximum velocity of flow of rivers.
Specifically, the sample scouring area 5 divides the interior of the open channel 4 into three areas, namely an upper area, the sample scouring area 5 and a lower area, and graduated scales 11 are arranged on the inner side walls of the open channel 4 on the left side and the right side of each area.
Through the technical scheme, the graduated scale 11 is convenient for reading the water depth of the uniform flow in the open channel 4.
Example two
The embodiment is a specific implementation manner of steps of a method for performing a slope uniform flow scouring test by using a slope uniform flow scouring device.
The method steps of carrying out the slope uniform flow scouring test by the slope uniform flow scouring device comprise:
s1, before testing, soil samples with different specifications and sizes are collected in the field by using a cutting ring according to test requirements, the initial soil moisture content of the samples is measured by adopting a drying method, the soil samples are placed in a sample washing area 5, the surface height of the samples is kept consistent with the surface height of an open channel 4, and the soil samples are covered by a cover;
s2, according to test requirements, firstly, adjusting the gradient of the open channel 4 to the required requirements by using a gradient adjusting device 6, then, pumping water by using a peristaltic pump to provide a water source for the test device, calibrating the flow rate of discharged water by adjusting the power of the peristaltic pump, when the water flow in the open channel 4 reaches a stable flow state, uncovering a cover above a soil sample and starting a test, flushing the surface of the soil sample by using slope runoff in the test process to gradually erode soil particles, and then, collecting eroded sediment by using a lower collecting barrel 12;
s3, recording the total scouring time in the scouring process, and obtaining the water depth of the uniform flow before, during and after scouring by reading the graduated scale 11 above the open channel 4;
and S4, after the test is finished, immediately moving the collecting barrel 12 away, and finally measuring the soil erosion amount of each slope by using a drying method.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment is a specific implementation mode of a method for measuring a hydraulic characteristic parameter by using a slope uniform flow flushing device.
Method for measuring hydraulic characteristic parameters by slope uniform flow scouring device
In the process of flushing a sample by water flow, potassium permanganate dye is poured above the open channel 4, in the sample flushing area 5 and below the open channel 4 in sequence, the process that the dye flows along with the water flow is recorded by using the high-precision camera 2, then the time and the flow path required in the dye flowing process are read by using video software, so that the surface maximum flow velocity before, during and after the open channel 4 is flushed is obtained, and finally the surface maximum flow velocity is corrected by using the correction coefficient alpha value.
According to the research of Horton and the like, the alpha values under different flow states are obtained: laminar flow is 0.67, transition flow is 0.70, and turbulent flow is 0.80. The method for determining the correction coefficient alpha value adopted in the test comprises the following steps: firstly, assuming that the water flow is in a certain flow state, calculating a Reynolds number through a Reynolds formula, judging the flow state of the water flow, then checking whether the assumption is true, finally judging the flow state of the water flow in each test, selecting an alpha value according to different flow state requirements, correcting the maximum flow speed of the surface, obtaining the average flow speed of the cross section in the water flow process, and finally calculating other hydraulic characteristic parameters by using the flow meter.
Example four
This embodiment is the relevant use data of this slope uniform flow flushing device's use example
In the research, the test device is used for scouring a bare soil cutting ring soil sample with the diameter of 10cm at the flow rate of 1.05L/s above the soil, two slopes (5 degrees and 20 degrees) and two initial soil water content conditions are designed, the flow state of water flow measured in the test process is changed from uniform flow to turbulent flow, and the soil erosion amount obtained in the test is as follows:
the hydraulic characteristic parameter data obtained when the soil surface was scoured under each condition are as follows:
wherein: v is the average flow rate per section/(ms) -1 ) (ii) a h is water depth/(mm); re is Reynolds number; fr is Froude number; τ is shear stress/(Pa); omega is runoff power/(kg s) -3 ) (ii) a f is the Darcy-drag coefficient.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described above, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. Domatic even flow scouring device is including domatic even flow scourer (1) and high accuracy camera (2), its characterized in that: the bottom of the slope uniform flow flusher (1) is provided with an underframe (13), and the bottom of the underframe (13) is provided with a pulley (14);
the slope uniform flow scourer (1) comprises an open channel (4), one end of the open channel (4) is provided with a water supply system (3), the inner bottom of the open channel (4) is provided with a sample scouring area (5), the top of the open channel (4) is provided with a slope adjusting device (6), and the other end of the open channel (4) is provided with a sediment collecting device (7);
the below of silt collection device (7) is provided with collecting vessel (12), high accuracy camera (2) set up in one side of silt collection device (7) relative with silt collection device (7).
2. The slope uniform flow flushing device of claim 1, characterized in that: the inside of water supply system (3) is provided with division board (8), division board (8) are separated water supply system (3) and are distinguished (9) and overflow district (10) into intaking, it is provided with water inlet (17) to intake district (9) bottom.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: slope adjusting device (6) include telescopic link (15) and steering wheel (16), fixed connection between slope adjusting device (6) and chassis (13), steering wheel (16) set up on the lateral wall of telescopic link (15), connect the telescopic link part of steering wheel (16) comprises a cylindric metal pole (18), the design has the screw thread on cylindric metal pole (18), the another side of telescopic link (15) comprises a hollow rod (19).
4. The slope uniform flow flushing device of claim 1, characterized in that: the sample scouring area (5) divides the interior of the open channel (4) into three areas, namely an upper part, the sample scouring area (5) and a lower part, and graduated scales (11) are arranged on the inner side walls of the open channel (4) on the left side and the right side of each area.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211034562.9A CN115219371A (en) | 2022-08-26 | 2022-08-26 | Uniform flow scouring device for slope |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211034562.9A CN115219371A (en) | 2022-08-26 | 2022-08-26 | Uniform flow scouring device for slope |
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| CN115219371A true CN115219371A (en) | 2022-10-21 |
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| CN202211034562.9A Pending CN115219371A (en) | 2022-08-26 | 2022-08-26 | Uniform flow scouring device for slope |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117368030A (en) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-01-09 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Device and method for testing slope flow-seepage flow joint erosion wide-grading soil |
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2022
- 2022-08-26 CN CN202211034562.9A patent/CN115219371A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117368030A (en) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-01-09 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Device and method for testing slope flow-seepage flow joint erosion wide-grading soil |
| CN117368030B (en) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-02-09 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Device and method for testing slope flow-seepage flow joint erosion wide-grading soil |
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Application publication date: 20221021 |