CN105547638A - Thin layer water flow rolling wave measurement system based on pressure sensor and method thereof - Google Patents
Thin layer water flow rolling wave measurement system based on pressure sensor and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105547638A CN105547638A CN201511009975.1A CN201511009975A CN105547638A CN 105547638 A CN105547638 A CN 105547638A CN 201511009975 A CN201511009975 A CN 201511009975A CN 105547638 A CN105547638 A CN 105547638A
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
Abstract
The invention relates to a thin layer water flow rolling wave measurement system based on a pressure sensor and a method thereof. The system is characterized in that the system comprises a plurality of pressure rolling wave sensors arranged on a flat slope surface; the plurality of pressure rolling wave sensors are divided into a plurality of groups; each group includes the two pressure rolling wave sensors; each group of the pressure rolling wave sensors are arranged in a line form along a water flow direction; distances between the groups of the pressure rolling wave sensors are less than a spacing of a detected rolling wave and are greater than a width of the detected rolling wave; each pressure rolling wave sensor is successively connected to a data acquisition controller and a control computer. In the invention, the pressure rolling wave sensors are installed at positions generating thin layer water flow rolling waves, such as a water channel, a dam spillway or a water tank in a laboratory; the sensitive pressure rolling wave sensors are used to detect thickness changes of the water flow and realize observation of the rolling waves and accurate data acquisition; a man-made detection factor is completely eliminated; various kinds of data acquisition are automatically completed and accurate and rapid performance is achieved; manpower and material resources are saved and observation efficiency is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sheet flow roll wave measuring system based on pressure transducer and method, a kind of experimental system and method, it is a kind of system and method for hydraulic measurements, a kind of for measuring the depth of water in sheet flow flow process, the wave height of roll wave, cycle, frequency and velocity of wave, and roll wave momentum, the isoparametric automatic measurement system of kinetic energy and method.
Background technology
Slope flow, open-channel flow etc. are under certain critical condition, and its surface usually can unstability and grow a series of wave process.These fluctuations may be periodic, and velocity of wave and waveform all remain unchanged, and velocity of wave is greater than the movement velocity of current particle all the time; On the other hand, fluctuation also may be acyclic, and waveform and velocity of wave constantly develop in the process propagated, and finally fragmentation occur.These phenomenons are referred to as roll wave.Roll wave is common in natural slope, urban pavement, the sluicing chute in power station and the spillway of dam, the flood passage road in river, flume etc.The appearance of roll wave can bring a series of disadvantageous consequence, and such as current become unsteady flow from steady flow; Strengthening the erosional competency of current to Soil Slope makes soil particle occur to peel off and defeated ability of moving silt; The depth of water at crest place exceedes the projected depth in river (canal) road, causes overflow; Strong current aeration effect, causes atomizating phenomenon; Hydraulic structure on river (canal) road is caused to the pressure or stress etc. of overload simultaneously.Therefore, the critical condition that research roll wave is formed and Evolution thereof, for soil erosion process and water-and-soil conservation measures configuration, and how to eliminate the theoretical research of roll wave and related discipline in engineering practice, such as all important in inhibitings such as movable bed resistance and current sediment transport.
Existing observation is then utilize hydrology chaining pin directly to observe, the method is primarily of the relative position manually determining chaining pin and roll wave, owing to being that artificial visual is measured, and the change of roll wave is exceedingly fast, and human eye range estimation often can not reach due effect, measurement is difficult to ensure precision, due to artificial measurement, its less stable, each measurement result is all not identical, can only increase pendulous frequency, the acquisition that the method for Using statistics is approximate is measured.This mode makes roll wave measurement become a kind of needs multiple complicated manual labor, and along with the physically-draining of people, its precision also becomes worse and worse.Therefore, a kind of accurate system is needed to replace this heavy muscle power to measure.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problem of prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of sheet flow roll wave measuring system based on pressure transducer and method.Described system and method utilizes pressure roll wave sensor, by the system integration and automatic mode, realizes sheet flow water level, and to the real time dynamic measurement of roll wave, thus effectively improve the precision and stability measured, improve observed efficiency.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of sheet flow roll wave measuring system based on pressure transducer, comprise: be arranged on smooth domatic on multiple pressure roll wave sensors, described pressure roll wave sensor is arrangement like this: multiple pressure roll wave sensor is divided into multiple groups, often organize two pressure roll wave sensors, each group of pressure roll wave sensor arranges along water (flow) direction yi word pattern, distance between each group of pressure roll wave sensor is less than the spacing of tested roll wave, is greater than the width of tested roll wave; Two pressure roll wave sensors in each group are along water (flow) direction word order, distance between two pressure roll wave sensors is greater than the distance between the crest of tested roll wave and trough, each described pressure roll wave sensor successively with data acquisition controller, control computer and be connected.
Further, described pressure roll wave sensor is: metal resistance strain gauge or semiconductor gauge.
Further, described domatic be the bottom land of experimental trough, described experimental tank comprises: both sides ledge and the bottom land be connected with described ledge, described ledge and bottom land are arranged on steel frame, and described tank one end arranges water inlet, and the other end sets out the mouth of a river, described water delivering orifice is connected with circulating water pool pipeline, described water inlet is connected with described circulating water pool pipeline by water pump, and described steel frame water delivering orifice side arranges hinge, and opposite side arranges elevating mechanism.
Further, described domatic be that field is domatic, described pressure roll wave sensor be attached to field domatic on.
Further, described domatic be that dam flood discharging groove is domatic, described pressure roll wave sensor be attached to dam flood discharging groove domatic on.
Further, described domatic be that water channel is domatic, described pressure roll wave sensor be attached to water channel domatic on.
Use the sheet flow roll wave measuring method that said system is carried out based on pressure transducer, the step of described method is as follows:
The step of setting frequency acquisition: for the sample frequency by computer set pressure roll wave sensor;
The step gathered: for coming interim at the current with roll wave, all the sensors synchronous acquisition waterlevel data, and by the data importing computer that gathers, to data carry out analyzing and processing directly calculate the roll wave cycle, frequency, wave height, along journey velocity of wave and mean depth;
Calculate the step of roll wave kinetic energy: for utilizing the roll wave depth of water, time interval and along journey velocity of wave data estimation roll wave kinetic energy.
Further, the computing method of described roll wave mean depth, wave height, velocity of wave, cycle and frequency are as follows:
The calculating of mean depth: when domatic have current to flow through time, the height h of the pressure roll wave sensor measurement water surface
1, gather through n time, n the depth of water be averaged, obtain the mean depth of section
;
The judgement of roll wave and the calculating of wave height: each water level value collected and average water place value are made comparisons, continuous 3 monitoring water level values are greater than average water place value and are roll wave, record maximum stage value during this period, maximum stage value h
maxwith average water place value
difference be wave height;
Roll wave velocity of wave calculates: divided by often organizing pressure roll wave sensor, the spacing l often organized between pressure roll wave sensor occurs that the mistiming t of maximum stage value is roll wave velocity of wave v;
Roll wave cycle and frequency: single-sensor occurs that the mistiming of twice roll wave is exactly the cycle T of roll wave, and the inverse in cycle is then the frequency f of roll wave.
Further, the calculation procedure of described roll wave kinetic energy is as follows:
Amass as horizontal ordinate with the duration between roll wave velocity of wave and the double record of pressure roll wave sensor, map to record continuously and to be greater than the water level value of mean water and the difference of average water place value for ordinate, depict the transversal section of roll wave;
Calculate the area of the transversal section of roll wave;
The wide quality of list of roll wave is obtained by the density that the area of the transversal section of roll wave is multiplied by water;
Single wide quality is multiplied by the momentum that velocity of wave obtains roll wave;
1/2 power that single wide quality is multiplied by velocity of wave is obtained the kinetic energy of roll wave.
The beneficial effect that the present invention produces is: the present invention adopts in the position producing sheet flow roll wave, as setting pressure roll wave sensor on the tank in water channel, dam spillway or laboratory, sensitive pressure roll wave sensor is utilized to detect the variation in thickness of current, realize the observation to roll wave, and accurate data acquisition, entirely eliminated the artificial factor detected, the full automatic collection completing various data, not only accurately but also fast, saved human and material resources, improve observed efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of system described in embodiments of the invention one;
Fig. 2 is the distance schematic diagram between the width of roll wave and two roll waves, is the enlarged drawing of E point in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of tank described in embodiments of the invention three and pressure roll wave sensor position in the sink, is the cut-open view of B-B in Fig. 4;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of tank described in embodiments of the invention three, is the cut-open view of A-A in Fig. 3.
Embodiment
Embodiment one:
The present embodiment is a kind of sheet flow roll wave measuring system based on pressure transducer, as shown in Figure 1.The present embodiment comprises: be arranged on the multiple pressure roll wave sensors 2 on smooth domatic 1, described pressure roll wave sensor is arrangement like this: multiple pressure roll wave sensor is divided into multiple groups, often organize two pressure roll wave sensors, each group of pressure roll wave sensor arranges along water (flow) direction yi word pattern, distance between each group of pressure roll wave sensor is less than the spacing of tested roll wave, is greater than the width of tested roll wave; Two pressure roll wave sensors in each group are along water (flow) direction word order, distance between two pressure roll wave sensors is greater than the distance between the crest of tested roll wave and trough, each described pressure roll wave sensor successively with data acquisition controller 4, control computer 3 and be connected.
Sheet flow described in the present embodiment refers to the current of the thickness of current below 30 centimetres, the saying of this " sheet flow " is a kind of custom appellation in the industry, not relative to " thick-layer current ", because, the appellation that " thick-layer current " are not so in the field of business.
Flat grade described in the present embodiment can be in the lab with the simulation channel bottom surface of certain slope, also can be the actual canal bottom surface with certain slope, or the bottom surface of dam flood-relief channel tilted, or choose smooth domatic of a slice in the wild.
Domatic smooth be relative, require two main points, one be domatic on there is no obvious size protrusion, one is domatic should be plane substantially, significantly not arching upward and cave in, should be namely all straight line or close to straight line along the line of slope of the section of water (flow) direction and Transverse to the flow direction.Domatic can be very smooth plane, the channel bottom surface of simulating as utilized the sheet material such as glass, plastics in the lab, or the bottom surface of actual canal or dam flood-relief channel.The bottom surface of actual canal or dam flood-relief channel is artificial construction, is smooth substantially, does not have obvious size thrust.A slice that field is chosen is domatic, requires do not have obvious size protrusion, and avoids domatic overall curved surface arch upward and cave in.If certainly specialize in the domatic roll wave arching upward with entirety or cave in, work as another matter.
Pressure roll wave sensor described in the present embodiment can use metal resistance strain gauge or semiconductor gauge.Metal resistance strain gauge or a kind of SMD sensor of semiconductor gauge, its build is sheet type, can directly be attached to domatic on.Owing to being thin slice therefore very little, negligible to the properties influence of current.The principle of work of metal resistance strain gauge or semiconductor gauge is because the change of the current depth of water makes sensor deform, thus sensor resistance is changed cause output current to change, carry out calibration by the changing value of electric current and current water depth value and study the dynamics of current and the characteristic parameter of roll wave.
Pressure roll wave sensor can be 5-10 group electromagnetism roll wave sensor, or more, often group establishes two pressure roll wave sensors.Such as in the tank of 15 meters long, arrange 20 roll wave sensors, and be connected with acquisition controller by connecting line, one group of sensor is laid at interval of 1m, and the spacing between group inner sensor is set to 5cm.
Pressure roll wave sensor is actual, and what detect is the change of current weight when flowing through, when the thinner thickness of current, need the curent change measuring pressure roll wave sensor very accurately, because curent change is very micro-, sometimes flood by noise, therefore, the precision current measuring system using very accurate electric bridge and so on is needed.Therefore, pressure roll wave sensor is more adapted to measure the current compared with thick-layer, and the current being generally a few cm thick are measured.Because the installation of pressure roll wave sensor is very convenient, without the need to any earth work, also without the need to setting up the facilities such as any support, simple the sensor of sheet is posted on sheet flow flows through domatic upper, therefore, special adaptation is measured in the wild, as on natural slope in the wild, water channel in the wild domatic on, particularly dam flood discharging groove is domatic, can measure easily.
The arrangement mode of pressure roll wave sensor is very exquisite, must adapt to the environment facies of Site Detection roll wave.The mode of this arrangement that the present embodiment proposes, its thinking is: may occur multiple roll wave on domatic, utilizes many group pressure roll wave sensors to measure respectively these roll waves on domatic.Two the pressure roll wave sensors often organized are then for judging single roll wave and detecting.Distance between each sensor often in group should be greater than the width d of single roll wave, but is less than the distance L between two roll waves.The width of the roll wave described in the present embodiment refers to: in water (flow) direction, the single roll wave depth of water is greater than the length of mean depth part, and as shown in Figure 2, the dotted line in figure represents mean depth.
Longer domatic on 8-10 group pressure roll wave sensor can be set, shorter domatic on then few several groups of pressure roll wave sensors are also passable, only depict 5 groups of pressure roll wave sensors in Fig. 1, actually can also increase more groups.
The present embodiment gathers the change of the current signal of pressure roll wave sensor thus the change of the release current depth of water by data acquisition unit controller, thus the research Hydrodynamic Parameters of sheet flow and the characteristic parameter of roll wave.The collected data of single pressure roll wave sensor can draw the mean depth of current and roll wave period, frequency and wave height.And each group liquid level gauge calculates the velocity of wave of roll wave by the spacing between mistiming of wave height of gathering and pressure roll wave sensor.
Data acquisition controller is the instrument controlling frequency acquisition, and the current signal of collection is converted into digital signal, and real-time gathers the data of sensor.Due to needs many groups pressure roll wave sensor, therefore acquisition controller at least needs to be equipped with the acquisition channel identical with pressure roll wave number of sensors, and the collection between each passage does not interfere with each other.
Control the program and the importing program of image data and the software of Treatment Analysis image data that there are control collector parameter in computer.Its Main Function be control collector frequency acquisition and obtain mean depth by carrying out analyzing and processing in importing computer real-time for the data in capture card, the kinetic energy of the wave height of roll wave, cycle, frequency and velocity of wave and roll wave.
Embodiment two:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is the refinement of embodiment about pressure roll wave sensor.Pressure roll wave sensor described in the present embodiment is: metal resistance strain gauge or semiconductor gauge.
These two kinds of foil gauges respectively have advantage, and metal resistance strain gauge is suitable for the quite thinner current of accurate measurement, and semiconductor gauge is then suitable for measuring relatively thicker current.
Embodiment three:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is that above-described embodiment is about domatic refinement.Domatic described in the present embodiment is the bottom land of experimental trough, described experimental tank comprises: the both sides ledge 101 installing described fixed mount and the bottom land 103 be connected with described ledge, described ledge and bottom land are arranged on steel frame 102, described tank one end arranges water inlet 106, the other end sets out the mouth of a river 109, described water delivering orifice is connected with circulating water pool 108 pipeline, described water inlet is connected with described circulating water pool pipeline by water pump 107, described steel frame water delivering orifice side arranges hinge 104, opposite side arranges elevating mechanism 105, as Fig. 3, shown in 4.
The present embodiment is that one can install in vitro tank, and hold up tank by steelframe, steelframe can change the angle of tank by hinge and elevating mechanism, carries out the experiment of various domatic angle.Tank can use the material such as glass or organic glass.
The two ends of tank arrange water inlet and water delivering orifice respectively, are made the water circulation in tank by water pump and circulating water pool, and water pump can use variable frequency pump, to carry out the current experiment of various flow.
For controlling flow accurately, electromagnetic flowmeter can be set between flowrate control valve and tank.Accurate sheet flow is produced by flowrate control valve and electromagnetic flowmeter.
For guaranteeing the stable of current in tank, reducing the interference that roll wave is produced, can multiple water inlet be set, arranging (yi word pattern is vertical with water (flow) direction) at sink top yi word pattern, make current can form sheet flow in tank uniformly.
As a rule, the current that water pump exports are with certain pulsation, if exit of pump (water inlet of tank) is set directly at sink top, the current formed can be subject to pulsation interference, make water flow process uneven, in interference sheet flow, the formation of roll wave, does not reach the effect of experiment.Therefore in the tank water inlet, top of tank, current fairing can be set, stationary flow.
Current fairing is actual is the system of a set of elimination water supply flow instability, can ensure stability and the homogeneity of water outlet water flow process, thus eliminates the impact of supplying water on roll wave emergence and development process.
Current fairing can be water tank, namely a water tank is set at the top that tank is domatic, store certain water yield, the water delivering orifice (flowing to the water out of tank) of water tank is overflow weir, the impact utilizing the volume-absorption water pump water supply of Water in Water Tanks amount to produce, utilizes overflow to produce stable sheet flow.
Water tank overflow supplies water and also there is the problem such as instability, water tank vibrations, the instability of the water tank overflow process caused.Therefore, overflow weir can also be changed into multilayer rectification orifice plate or rectification tube sheet further, utilize orifice plate or the tube sheet further stable current exported.Rectification orifice plate be exactly thickness be about 2mm corrosion resistant plate on fine and closely woven stamped the water hole that diameter is about 1mm, by multiple-layer stacked, between the water inlet placing tank and overflow limit, eliminate with this water flow fluctuation that cistern water supply pipe out of flow procedure causes.Rectification hole pipe is the uneven eddy current formed to eliminate water tank overflow process, and after being placed on overflow, the top rectification tube sheet of tank is by diameter 1cm, and the pvc pipe close-packed arrays of long 2 ~ 3cm forms.
Embodiment four:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is that above-described embodiment is about domatic refinement.Domatic described in the present embodiment is that field is domatic, described pressure roll wave sensor be attached to field domatic on.
Find that a chip size is suitable in the wild, opposed flattened, angle of inclination be greater than zero degree, be less than 90 degree surperficial solid pan soil or rock slope, stick foil gauge on request domatic, and connect wire and can measure.Sheet flow can be there is in artificial drainage or rainy process on domatic.
Embodiment five:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is that above-described embodiment is about domatic refinement.Domatic described in the present embodiment is that dam flood discharging groove is domatic, described pressure roll wave sensor be attached to dam flood discharging groove domatic on.
The domatic facility owing to being engineer of flood discharging groove of dam, therefore, the requirement of the equal coincidence measurement of each side condition under normal circumstances, domatic surface normally concrete surface, more smooth, empirically require to stick foil gauge and connect wire and can measure.
Embodiment six:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is that above-described embodiment is about domatic refinement.Domatic described in the present embodiment is that water channel is domatic, described pressure roll wave sensor be attached to water channel domatic on.
Select one section of acclive water channel, the foreign material bottom cleaning water channel and hydrophyte, be attached to the bottom of channel and connect wire by foil gauge.
Embodiment seven:
The present embodiment is a kind of method using system described in above-described embodiment to carry out the measurement of sheet flow roll wave.Described side's ratio juris:
1. bathymetric survey
The calculating of mean depth: when measuring in vitro tank, is first affixed on the base plate of tank by pressure transducer, and base plate spiles connecting line connecting sensor.When discharging water, current are when excess pressure roll wave sensor, and the weight of water, to pressure transducer generation effect, makes pressure roll wave sensor produce the data of current thickness.The change of current thickness is the change of the depth of water, is averaged by the bathymetric data of multi collect, thus obtains the mean depth of current.
2. roll wave wave height is measured
The judgement of roll wave and the calculating of wave height: each water level value collected and average water place value are made comparisons, continuous 3 monitoring water level values are greater than average water place value and are roll wave, record maximum stage value during this period automatically, maximum stage value h
maxwith average water place value
difference be wave height.
3. roll wave velocity of wave, ripple are frequently measured and are frequently measured along journey velocity of wave, ripple
Roll wave velocity of wave calculates: divided by often organizing pressure roll wave sensor, the spacing l often organized between pressure roll wave sensor occurs that the mistiming t of maximum stage value is roll wave velocity of wave v.Namely
wherein v is roll wave velocity of wave, and l is the spacing of one group of sensor, and t is the mistiming that maximum stage value appears in each group of sensor.
Single pressure roll wave sensor occurs that the mistiming of twice roll wave is exactly the cycle T of roll wave, and the inverse in cycle is exactly frequency f.Namely
, wherein: f is frequency, T is the cycle.
4. roll wave momentum and kinetic energy are measured
Roll wave Kinetic Energy Calculation: amass as horizontal ordinate with the duration between roll wave velocity of wave and the double record of single pressure sensor, map to record continuously and to be greater than the water level value of mean water and the difference of average water place value for ordinate, namely the transversal section of roll wave can be depicted, utilizing CAD software to estimate the area of transversal section, is exactly the quality of single wide roll wave by the density that area is multiplied by water.Quality is multiplied by the momentum that velocity of wave is exactly roll wave, and 1/2 power that quality is multiplied by velocity of wave is exactly the kinetic energy of roll wave.
Computing formula is:
Roll wave momentum:
, wherein
for the density of water, A is the area of roll wave transversal section, tries to achieve with CAD software,
it is the velocity of wave of roll wave.
Roll wave kinetic energy:
wherein ρ is the density of water, and A is the area of roll wave transversal section, tries to achieve with CAD software, and v is the velocity of wave of roll wave.
The concrete steps of described method are as follows:
The step of setting frequency acquisition: for the sample frequency by computer set pressure roll wave sensor.Sample frequency is the frequency that sensor measured signal is collected in computer by data acquisition unit, and sample frequency can visually roll wave frequency regulate, and generally should be more than 10 times of range estimation roll wave frequency.
The step gathered: for coming interim with the current of roll wave, all pressure roll wave sensor synchronous acquisition waterlevel datas, and by gather data importing computer in, to data carry out analyzing and processing directly calculate the roll wave cycle, frequency, wave height, along journey velocity of wave and mean depth.The high variable quantity of what pressure roll wave sensor gathered the is water surface, therefore, needs to judge the appearance of roll wave and the various parameters of roll wave according to the height of the water surface.Owing to adopting the pressure roll wave sensor of two group, two positions that can occur at roll wave gather simultaneously, according to the distance between the time gathered, two sensors, and the height of water level collected compares, draw the cycle, frequency, wave height, along various parameters such as journey velocity of wave and mean depths.
Calculate the step of roll wave kinetic energy: for utilizing the roll wave depth of water, time interval and along journey velocity of wave data estimation roll wave kinetic energy.By the various roll wave parameters that previous step obtains, calculate the kinetic energy of roll wave.Roll wave kinetic energy weighs current to the important indicator of Effects of Underlying Surfaces intensity and sediment transport capacity etc.
Embodiment nine:
The present embodiment is changing of embodiment eight, is embodiment eight about the refinement of the calculating of roll wave mean depth, wave height, velocity of wave, cycle and frequency.The computing method of the roll wave mean depth described in the present embodiment, wave height, velocity of wave, cycle and frequency are as follows:
The calculating of mean depth: when domatic have current to flow through time, the height h of the pressure roll wave sensor measurement water surface
1, gather through n time, n the depth of water be averaged, obtain the mean depth of section
.In current experiment, pressure roll wave sensor is close to bottom of gullet, and when not having current process, pressure roll wave sensor is the position h of bottom of gullet
0, h
0=0.Current are through being that the data collected are carried out converting and obtained the height h of pressure roll wave sensor and the water surface
1.Then the depth of water is h=h
0-h
1, gather through n time, n the depth of water be averaged, obtain the mean depth of section
.In order to find accurate mean depth, the frequency n of detection will reach thousands of times usually, or tens thousand of times.
The judgement of roll wave and the calculating of wave height: each water level value collected and average water place value are made comparisons, continuous 3 monitoring water level values are greater than average water place value and are roll wave, record maximum stage value during this period, maximum stage value h
maxwith average water place value
difference be wave height.
Roll wave velocity of wave calculates: divided by often organizing pressure roll wave sensor, the spacing l often organized between pressure roll wave sensor occurs that the mistiming t of maximum stage value is roll wave velocity of wave v.Namely
wherein v is roll wave velocity of wave, and l is the spacing of one group of sensor, and t is the mistiming that maximum stage value appears in each group of sensor.
Roll wave cycle and frequency: single-sensor occurs that the mistiming of twice roll wave is exactly the cycle T of roll wave, and the inverse in cycle is then the frequency f of roll wave.Namely
, wherein: f is frequency, T is the cycle.
Embodiment ten:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment eight, is the refinement of embodiment eight about roll wave kinetic energy.The calculation procedure of the roll wave kinetic energy described in the present embodiment is as follows:
Amass as horizontal ordinate with the duration between roll wave velocity of wave and the double record of pressure roll wave sensor, map to record continuously and to be greater than the water level value of mean water and the difference of average water place value for ordinate, depict the transversal section of roll wave;
Calculate the area of the transversal section of roll wave.The mapping software of CAD and so on can be used, carry out the areal calculation of the transversal section of roll wave, also can directly use Freehandhand-drawing to calculate.
The wide quality of list of roll wave is obtained by the density that the area of the transversal section of roll wave is multiplied by water.
Single wide quality is multiplied by the momentum that velocity of wave obtains roll wave, that is:
, wherein
for the density of water, A is the area of roll wave transversal section,
it is the velocity of wave of roll wave.
1/2 power that single wide quality is multiplied by velocity of wave is obtained the kinetic energy of roll wave, that is:
.
Finally it should be noted that, below only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described and unrestricted, although with reference to preferred arrangement scheme to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify to technical scheme of the present invention (sequencing etc. of the fixed form of such as pressure roll wave sensor, roll wave acquisition mode, step) or equivalently to replace, and not departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the sheet flow roll wave measuring system based on pressure transducer, it is characterized in that, comprise: be arranged on smooth domatic on multiple pressure roll wave sensors, described pressure roll wave sensor is arrangement like this: multiple pressure roll wave sensor is divided into multiple groups, often organize two pressure roll wave sensors, each group of pressure roll wave sensor is along the arrangement of water (flow) direction yi word pattern, and the distance between each group pressure roll wave sensor is less than the spacing of tested roll wave, is greater than the width of tested roll wave; Two pressure roll wave sensors in each group are along water (flow) direction word order, distance between two pressure roll wave sensors is greater than the distance between the crest of tested roll wave and trough, each described pressure roll wave sensor successively with data acquisition controller, control computer and be connected.
2. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described pressure roll wave sensor is: metal resistance strain gauge or semiconductor gauge.
3. system according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described domatic be the bottom land of experimental trough, described experimental tank comprises: both sides ledge and the bottom land be connected with described ledge, described ledge and bottom land are arranged on steel frame, described tank one end arranges water inlet, the other end sets out the mouth of a river, described water delivering orifice is connected with circulating water pool pipeline, described water inlet is connected with described circulating water pool pipeline by water pump, described steel frame water delivering orifice side arranges hinge, and opposite side arranges elevating mechanism.
4. system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described domatic be that field is domatic, described pressure roll wave sensor be attached to field domatic on.
5. system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described domatic be that dam flood discharging groove is domatic, described pressure roll wave sensor be attached to dam flood discharging groove domatic on.
6. system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described domatic be that water channel is domatic, described pressure roll wave sensor be attached to water channel domatic on.
7. use the sheet flow roll wave measuring method that system described in claim 1 is carried out based on pressure transducer, its feature exists, and the step of described method is as follows:
The step of setting frequency acquisition: for the sample frequency by computer set pressure roll wave sensor;
The step gathered: for coming interim at the current with roll wave, all the sensors synchronous acquisition waterlevel data, and by the data importing computer that gathers, to data carry out analyzing and processing directly calculate the roll wave cycle, frequency, wave height, along journey velocity of wave and mean depth;
Calculate the step of roll wave kinetic energy: for utilizing the roll wave depth of water, time interval and along journey velocity of wave data estimation roll wave kinetic energy.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the computing method of described roll wave mean depth, wave height, velocity of wave, cycle and frequency are as follows:
The calculating of mean depth: when domatic have current to flow through time, the height h of the pressure roll wave sensor measurement water surface
1, gather through n time, n the depth of water be averaged, obtain the mean depth ` of section
;
The judgement of roll wave and the calculating of wave height: each water level value collected and average water place value are made comparisons, continuous 3 monitoring water level values are greater than average water place value and are roll wave, record maximum stage value during this period, maximum stage value h
maxwith average water place value `
difference be wave height;
Roll wave velocity of wave calculates: divided by often organizing pressure roll wave sensor, the spacing l often organized between pressure roll wave sensor occurs that the mistiming t of maximum stage value is roll wave velocity of wave v;
Roll wave cycle and frequency: single-sensor occurs that the mistiming of twice roll wave is exactly the cycle T of roll wave, and the inverse in cycle is then the frequency f of roll wave.
9. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the calculation procedure of described roll wave kinetic energy is as follows:
Amass as horizontal ordinate with the duration between roll wave velocity of wave and the double record of pressure roll wave sensor, map to record continuously and to be greater than the water level value of mean water and the difference of average water place value for ordinate, depict the transversal section of roll wave;
Calculate the area of the transversal section of roll wave;
The wide quality of list of roll wave is obtained by the density that the area of the transversal section of roll wave is multiplied by water;
Single wide quality is multiplied by the momentum that velocity of wave obtains roll wave;
1/2 power that single wide quality is multiplied by velocity of wave is obtained the kinetic energy of roll wave.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN106248906A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-21 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of self-loopa abrupt slope glass flume assay device |
| CN107014282A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-08-04 | 浙江省水利河口研究院 | A kind of wave run-up measuring system based on capacitance type sensor |
| CN109406023A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-03-01 | 浙江省水利河口研究院 | The stress measuring device of sea wall levee body structure |
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| CN109406023A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-03-01 | 浙江省水利河口研究院 | The stress measuring device of sea wall levee body structure |
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