CN105466527B - A kind of sheet flow roll wave measuring system and method based on electromagnetic sensor - Google Patents
A kind of sheet flow roll wave measuring system and method based on electromagnetic sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105466527B CN105466527B CN201511010502.3A CN201511010502A CN105466527B CN 105466527 B CN105466527 B CN 105466527B CN 201511010502 A CN201511010502 A CN 201511010502A CN 105466527 B CN105466527 B CN 105466527B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/30—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats
- G01F23/64—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats of the free float type without mechanical transmission elements
- G01F23/72—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by floats of the free float type without mechanical transmission elements using magnetically actuated indicating means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C13/00—Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river or canal
- G01C13/008—Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river or canal measuring depth of open water
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of sheet flow roll wave measuring system and method based on electromagnetic sensor, including：Multiple electromagnetism roll wave sensors in flat slope surface are set, multiple electromagnetism roll wave sensors are divided into multiple groups, every group of two electromagnetism roll wave sensors, each group electromagnetism roll wave sensor is arranged along water (flow) direction "-" type, the distance between each group electromagnetism roll wave sensor is less than the spacing of tested roll wave, greater than the width of tested roll wave；Each electromagnetism roll wave sensor is successively connect with data acquisition controller, control computer.The present invention is used in the position for generating sheet flow roll wave, as installed electromagnetism roll wave sensor on the sink in water channel, dam spillway or laboratory, utilize the thickness change of sensitive electromagnetism roll wave sensor detection water flow, it realizes the observation to roll wave, and accurate data acquisition, entirely eliminated the factor artificially detected, the full automatic acquisition for completing various data, not only accurate but also quick, human and material resources have been saved, observed efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sheet flow roll wave measuring system and method based on electromagnetic sensor are a kind of experiment systems
System and method, are a kind of system and method for hydraulic measurements, are a kind of for measuring water in sheet flow flow process
It is deep, the automatic measurement system and method for the parameters such as wave height, period, frequency and velocity of wave and roll wave momentum, kinetic energy of roll wave.
Background technique
Slope flow, open-channel flow etc. under certain critical condition, surface usually can unstability and develop a series of wave
Dynamic process.These fluctuations may be periodically that velocity of wave and waveform all remain unchanged, and velocity of wave is consistently greater than water flow particle
Movement velocity；On the other hand, fluctuation is also likely to be acyclic, and waveform and velocity of wave are constantly drilled during propagation
Change, it is final to occur to be crushed.These phenomenons are referred to as roll wave.It is steep that roll wave is common in natural slope, urban pavement, the sluicing in power station
The spillway of slot and dam, the flood passage road in river, flume etc..The appearance of roll wave can bring a series of unfavorable consequences, such as
Water flow becomes unsteady flow from steady flow；Enhancing water flow keeps soil particle peeling-off the erosiveness of Soil Slope and defeated shifting
The ability of silt；The depth of water at wave crest is more than the design head in river (canal) road, causes overflow；Strong water flow aeration effect, makes
At atomizating phenomenon；Pressure or the stress etc. of excess load are caused to the hydraulic structure on river (canal) road simultaneously.Therefore, it grinds
The critical condition and its Evolution for studying carefully roll wave formation, for soil erosion process and water-and-soil conservation measures configuration and engineering
How the theoretical research of roll wave and related discipline is eliminated in practice, such as dynamic bed resistance and water flow sediment transport etc. suffer from important meaning
Justice.
Existing observation is directly observed using hydrology stylus, and this method is mainly by the phase of manually determining stylus and roll wave
To position, due to being to manually visualize measurement, and the variation of roll wave is exceedingly fast, human eye range estimation tends not to reach due effect, surveys
Amount is difficult to ensure precision, and due to artificial measurement, stability is poor, and each measurement result is all different, and can only increase survey
Number is measured, is approximately measured using the method for statistics.This mode make roll wave measurement become it is a kind of needs be repeated as many times
Complicated manual labor, with the physically-draining of people, precision also becomes worse and worse.Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of accurate systems
Instead of this heavy physical strength measurement.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the invention proposes a kind of, and the sheet flow roll wave based on electromagnetic sensor is surveyed
Measure System and method for.The system and method utilize electromagnetism roll wave sensor, by the system integration and automatic method, realize
Sheet flow water level, and observation effect is improved to the real time dynamic measurement of roll wave to effectively improve the precision and stability of measurement
Rate.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：A kind of sheet flow roll wave measuring system based on electromagnetic sensor, packet
It includes：Multiple electromagnetism roll wave sensors in flat slope surface are set, what the electromagnetism roll wave sensor was arranged such that：It will
Multiple electromagnetism roll wave sensors are divided into multiple groups, and every group of two electromagnetism roll wave sensors, each group electromagnetism roll wave sensor is along water flow
The arrangement of direction "-" type, the distance between each group electromagnetism roll wave sensor is less than the spacing of tested roll wave, greater than tested roll wave
Width；Two electromagnetism roll wave sensors in each group between water (flow) direction word order, two electromagnetism roll wave sensors away from
From the distance between the wave crest and trough for being greater than tested roll wave, each electromagnetism roll wave sensor is successively acquired with data and is controlled
Device processed, control computer connection.
Further, the electromagnetism roll wave sensor includes：U-shaped cross over pipe, one end setting of the U-shaped cross over pipe
In the bottom of slope surface, the other end of the U-shaped cross over pipe is opened wide to atmosphere, and U-shaped cross over pipe opens wide side setting guide rod to atmosphere,
It is equipped with electromagnetism sensing unit in the guide rod, is cased with annular float on the guide rod.
Further, the electromagnetism sensing unit is the float and Hall element or induction coil of ferromagnetic material.
Further, the slope surface is the slot bottom of experimental trough, and the experimental tank includes：Two sides ledge and with institute
The slot bottom for the ledge connection stated, the ledge and slot bottom are arranged on steel frame, and water inlet is arranged in described sink one end,
Water outlet is arranged in the other end, and the water outlet connect with circulating water pool pipeline, the water inlet pass through water pump with it is described
Hinge is arranged in the connection of circulating water pool pipeline, the steel frame water outlet side, and elevating mechanism is arranged in the other side.
It is a kind of to carry out the sheet flow roll wave measurement method based on electromagnetic sensor, the step of the method using above system
It is rapid as follows：
The step of setting frequency acquisition：For setting the sample frequency of electromagnetism roll wave sensor by computer；
The step of acquisition：For carrying out interim, all the sensors synchronous acquisition waterlevel data in the water flow with roll wave, and will
The data of acquisition import in computer, data are analyzed and processed directly calculate the roll wave period, frequency, wave height, along journey velocity of wave with
Mean depth；
The step of calculating roll wave kinetic energy：For being moved using the roll wave depth of water, time interval and along journey velocity of wave data estimation roll wave
Energy.
Further, the calculation method of the roll wave mean depth, wave height, velocity of wave, period and frequency is as follows：
The calculating of mean depth：When slope surface has water flow to flow through, the height of the electromagnetism roll wave sensor measurement water surfaceh 1, pass throughnSecondary acquisition, it is rightnA depth of water is averaged, and the mean depth ` of section is obtained；
The judgement of roll wave and the calculating of wave height：Each collected water level value is made comparisons with average water place value, continuous 3
It is roll wave that secondary monitoring water level value, which is greater than average water place value, records the maximum stage value of this period, maximum stage valueh max With it is average
Water level value `Difference be wave height；
Roll wave velocity of wave calculates：Spacing between every group of electromagnetism roll wave sensorlOccur divided by every group of electromagnetism roll wave sensor
The time difference of maximum stage valuetAs roll wave velocity of wavev；
Roll wave period and frequency：The time difference that roll wave twice occurs in single sensor is exactly the period of roll waveT, the period fall
It is several, it is the frequency of roll wavef 。
Further, steps are as follows for the calculating of the roll wave kinetic energy：
Using roll wave velocity of wave and electromagnetism roll wave sensor record twice in succession between duration product as abscissa, continuously to remember
It records and is greater than the water level value of mean water and the difference of average water place value is ordinate mapping, depict the cross section of roll wave；
Calculate the area in the cross section of roll wave；
Single wide quality of roll wave is obtained multiplied by the density of water with the area in the cross section of roll wave；
Single wide quality is obtained into the momentum of roll wave multiplied by velocity of wave；
Single wide quality is obtained into the kinetic energy of roll wave multiplied by 1/2 power of velocity of wave.
The beneficial effect comprise that：The present invention is used in the position for generating sheet flow roll wave, such as water channel, dam
Electromagnetism roll wave sensor is installed on the sink in spillway or laboratory, utilizes sensitive electromagnetism roll wave sensor detection water flow
Thickness change realizes the observation to roll wave, and accurate data acquisition, entirely eliminated the factor artificially detected, automatically
The acquisition for completing various data, it is not only accurate but also quick, saved human and material resources, improved observed efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the schematic illustration of system described in the embodiment of the present invention one；
Fig. 2 is the width and the distance between two roll waves schematic diagram of roll wave, is the enlarged drawing of E point in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention two, the four electromagnetism roll wave sensors and sink, is in Fig. 4
The sectional view of A-A；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of sink described in the embodiment of the present invention four.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one：
The present embodiment is a kind of sheet flow roll wave measuring system based on electromagnetic sensor, as shown in Figure 1.The present embodiment
Including：Multiple electromagnetism roll wave sensors 2 in flat slope surface 1 are set, and the electromagnetism roll wave sensor is arranged such that
's：Multiple electromagnetism roll wave sensors are divided into multiple groups, every group of two electromagnetism roll wave sensors, each group electromagnetism roll wave sensor edge
The arrangement of water (flow) direction "-" type, the distance between each group electromagnetism roll wave sensor are less than the spacing of tested roll wave, are greater than tested rolling
The width of wave；Two electromagnetism roll wave sensors in each group are between water (flow) direction word order, two electromagnetism roll wave sensors
Distance be greater than the distance between wave crest and trough of tested roll wave, each electromagnetism roll wave sensor is successively adopted with data
Collect controller 3, control computer 4 connects.
Sheet flow described in the present embodiment refer to the thickness of water flow in 30 centimetres of water flows below, it is this " sheet flow "
Saying be a kind of habit appellation in the industry, not relative to " thick-layer water flow " because, it is in the field of business there is no " thick-layer water flow " this
The appellation of sample.
Flat grade described in the present embodiment can be the simulation channel bottom surface for having certain slope in the lab, can also
To be the bottom surface of actual canal bottom surface or inclined dam flood-relief channel with certain slope, or choose in field
The slope surface of flat piece.
The flat of slope surface is opposite, it is desirable that two main points, one is in slope surface without apparent size protrusion, one
It is slope surface should be substantially plane, significantly not arch upward and be recessed, is i.e. the section along water (flow) direction and Transverse to the flow direction
Line of slope all should be straight line or close to straight line.Slope surface can be very smooth plane, such as in the lab using glass,
The channel bottom surface of the plates such as plastics simulation or the bottom surface of actual canal or dam flood-relief channel.Actual canal or dam flood discharge
The bottom surface in road is manually built, and is flat substantially, not apparent size bump.The a piece of slope surface that field is chosen then requires
There is no apparent size protrusion, and the whole curved surface of slope surface is avoided to arch upward and be recessed.If specialized in certainly with whole
The roll wave for the slope surface that body arches upward or is recessed then works as another matter.
Guide rod type magnetic float level indicator, or the electricity specially designed can be used in electromagnetism roll wave sensor described in the present embodiment
Magnetic roll wave sensor.The basic principle of electromagnetism roll wave sensor is that the float for constituting magnetic material is placed on the water surface, works as float
When floating up and down with water level, the variation such as magnetic field is subjected to displacement, with electromagnetic induction element, such as Hall element or electromagnetic induction coil,
The change in displacement for detecting magnetic field, is converted to electric signal for the variation in magnetic field, is finally SEA LEVEL VARIATION data by collector acquisition.
The structure of guide rod type magnetic float level indicator is that float is made into annular sleeve on a guide rod, and float becomes with liquid level
Change moves up and down along guide rod.One permanent magnetism object is set in float, while magneto sensor is set inside guide rod, by magnetic
Quick element detects float position and switchs to the electric signal output of representative height of liquid level corresponding thereto.This kind of liquidometer is in container
Interior medium is only needing remote transfer signal to have when not needing the instruction of live Liquid level scale formula there are showing when strenuous exercise preferably
The simple feature of structure.
For the variation for obtaining water level, it is generally the case that need to guide water level to except runner using pipeline, reuse electricity
The signal of magnetic induction part acquisition SEA LEVEL VARIATION.General means are in sink bottom plate aperture, and with conduit electromagnetism roll wave sensor
It is attached with sink, forms the device of a communicating pipe.Array is laid in Parallel to the flow direction, such as can be 5-10 group electromagnetism
Roll wave sensor, or more, every group sets two electromagnetism roll wave sensors.Such as 20 electromagnetism are set in 15 meters of long sinks and are rolled
Wave sensor, and be attached by connecting line and acquisition controller, one group of sensor is laid at interval of 1m, organizes interior sensing
Spacing between device is set as 5cm.
The installation of electromagnetism roll wave sensor must be vertical, to guarantee that floating ball component moves up and down freely in main body tube.And electricity
Magnetizer is impermissible for around magnetic roll wave sensor main body close to the correct work for otherwise directly affecting electromagnetism roll wave sensor.Electricity
After the installation is completed, need to be corrected with magnet steel is once displayed in red zero-bit or less turned column guiding to magnetic roll wave sensor, and zero
Or more be displayed in white.
This is a kind of measurement means with high accuracy, can measure the sheet flow and several millis of zero point of thickness of several millimetres
The SEA LEVEL VARIATION of rice.Due to needing the installation of pipeline, it is relatively more suitable for carrying out the measurement of high precision in the lab.
Due to the present embodiment measurement be sheet flow roll wave, SEA LEVEL VARIATION be it is relatively micro, especially in reality
It tests in the sink set up in room and is tested, available point-device measurement result.Use electromagnetism roll wave sensor measurement
Water level can be there are many mode, and one of which is using U-tube electromagnetism roll wave sensor.
The arrangement mode of electromagnetism roll wave sensor is also very exquisite, it is necessary to the needs of experiment and the ring of on-site test roll wave
Border is adapted.The mode for this arrangement that the present embodiment proposes, thinking are：Due to being likely to occur multiple roll waves in slope surface, benefit
These roll waves in slope surface are measured respectively with plurality of electromagnetic roll wave sensor.Every group of two electromagnetism roll wave sensors are then
It is for carrying out judgment and detection to single roll wave.The distance between each sensor in every group should be greater than single roll wave
Widthd, but less than the distance between two roll wavesL.The width of roll wave described in the present embodiment refers to：It is individually rolled in water (flow) direction
The wave depth of water is greater than the length of mean depth part, as shown in Fig. 2, the dotted line in figure indicates mean depth.
8-10 group electromagnetism roll wave sensor can be set in longer slope surface, and then few several groups of electricity in shorter slope surface
Magnetic roll wave sensor can also be only to depict 5 groups of electromagnetism roll wave sensors, can also actually increase more multiple groups in Fig. 1.
The present embodiment is by the variation of the current signal of data collector controller acquisition electromagnetism roll wave sensor to push away
It is discharged the variation of flowing water depth, to study the Hydrodynamic Parameters of sheet flow and the characteristic parameter of roll wave.Single electromagnetism roll wave
The collected data of sensor are it can be concluded that the mean depth of water flow and period, frequency and the wave height of roll wave.And each group of liquid level
Meter calculates the velocity of wave of roll wave by the spacing between the time difference and electromagnetism roll wave sensor of the wave height of acquisition.
Data acquisition controller is the instrument for controlling frequency acquisition, and converts digital signal for the current signal of acquisition,
The data of sensor are acquired in real time.Due to needing multiple groups common-battery magnetic roll wave sensor, therefore acquisition controller at least needs
It is equipped with acquisition channel identical with electromagnetism roll wave number of sensors, and the acquisition between each channel is not interfere with each other.
There is the program of control collector parameter in control computer and imports the program and processing analysis acquisition of acquisition data
The software of data.Its main function is to control the frequency acquisition of collector and import the data in capture card in computer in real time
It is analyzed and processed to obtain mean depth, wave height, period, frequency and the velocity of wave of roll wave and the kinetic energy of roll wave.
Embodiment two：
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is refinement of the embodiment about electromagnetism roll wave sensor.The present embodiment institute
The electromagnetism roll wave sensor stated includes：The bottom of slope surface, institute is arranged in one end of U-shaped cross over pipe 204, the U-shaped cross over pipe
It states the other end of U-shaped cross over pipe to open wide to atmosphere, U-shaped cross over pipe opens wide side setting guide rod 201 to atmosphere, in the guide rod
Equipped with electromagnetism sensing unit 202, annular float 203 is cased on the guide rod, as shown in Figure 3.
It opens wide in the other end of the water inlet of the bottom of slope surface setting U-tube, U-tube to atmosphere, and is full of in U-tube
Water.Water when no water flow flows through slope surface in U-tube is maintained at the height same with face toe, when there is water flow, U-shaped
The water level of pipe rises to the height of water flow, and when roll wave passes through, the water level in U-tube increases with water roll wave, the annular in U-tube
Float then floats with the water surface upwards, and magnetic field is made to change, the final electric signal for generating roll wave.
Embodiment three：
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment two, is refinement of the embodiment two about electromagnetism sensing unit.Described in the present embodiment
Electromagnetism sensing unit be ferromagnetic material float and Hall element or induction coil.
Float can mix magnetic powder with nonmetallic materials, be processed as annulus, hollow sphere or hollow cylinder.
If float is ring-shaped, cover on guide rod, induction coil or Hall element are placed in guide rod, can produce sensitive
Electromagnetic induction effect.
Example IV：
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is refinement of the above-described embodiment about slope surface.Described in the present embodiment
Slope surface is the slot bottom of experimental trough, and the experimental tank includes：Two sides ledge 101 and the slot bottom being connect with the ledge
103, the ledge and slot bottom are arranged on steel frame 102, and water inlet 106 is arranged in described sink one end, and the other end is set
Water outlet 109 is set, the water outlet is connect with 108 pipeline of circulating water pool, and the water inlet passes through water pump 107 and described
Hinge 104 is arranged in the connection of circulating water pool pipeline, the steel frame water outlet side, and elevating mechanism 105 is arranged in the other side, such as
Fig. 3, shown in 4.
The present embodiment is a kind of sink that may be mounted in laboratory, holds up sink by steelframe, steelframe passes through hinge
It can change the angle of sink with elevating mechanism, carry out the experiment of various slope surface angles.Glass or organic glass can be used in sink
The materials such as glass.
Inlet and outlet are respectively set in the both ends of sink, follow the water flow in sink by water pump and circulating water pool
Variable frequency pump can be used in ring, water pump, to carry out the water flow experiment of various flows.
To be accurately controlled flow, electromagnetic flowmeter can be set between flow control valve and sink.Pass through flow control
Valve and electromagnetic flowmeter processed generate accurate sheet flow.
For the stabilization for ensuring water flow in sink, the interference generated to roll wave is reduced, can multiple water inlets be set, in water
Groove top portion "-" type arranges（"-" type is vertical with water (flow) direction）, allow to form sheet flow in the uniform sink of water flow.
In most cases, the water flow of water pump output has certain pulsation, if by exit of pump（The water inlet of sink
Mouthful）It is set up directly on sink top, being formed by water flow will receive pulsation interference, so that water flow process is uneven, interfere thin layer
The formation of roll wave in water flow, is not achieved the effect of experiment.Therefore it is whole water flow can be set in the top sink water inlet of sink
Flow device, stationary flow.
Water flow fairing is really a set of system for eliminating water supply flow instability, it is ensured that water outlet water flow process
Stability and uniformity, thus eliminate supply water to roll wave generate and development process influence.
Water flow fairing can be water tank, i.e., a water tank is arranged at the top of sink slope surface, stores certain water,
The water outlet of water tank（Flow to the water out of sink）For overflow weir, generated using the volume-absorption water pump water supply of Water in Water Tanks amount
Impact, stable sheet flow is generated using overflow.
The problems such as water tank overflow water supply shakes there is also unstable, water tank, the unstability of caused water tank overflow process.
And hence it is also possible to overflow weir is further changed to multilayer rectification orifice plate or rectification tube sheet, it is further steady using orifice plate or tube sheet
Surely the water flow exported.Rectifying orifice plate is exactly the water hole for having stamped diameter about 1mm fine and closely woven on the stainless steel plate of thickness about 2mm,
It by multiple-layer stacked, places between the water inlet of sink and overflow side, water caused by cistern water supply pipe outflow process is eliminated with this
Stream fluctuation.Rectification hole pipe is the uneven vortex in order to eliminate the formation of water tank overflow process, is placed on the upper of sink after overflow
Portion rectifies tube sheet by diameter 1cm, and the pvc pipe close-packed arrays of long 2 ~ 3cm form.
Embodiment five：
The present embodiment is a kind of method for carrying out the measurement of sheet flow roll wave using system described in above-described embodiment.
The principle of the method：
1. water-depth measurement
The calculating of mean depth：Magnetic float level indicator is formed into a device being connected to, when being discharged water, water with sink
The water depth ratio of stream leads to the change in location of liquidometer float, and so as to cause the variation of electric current, collector carries out real-time current
Then acquisition is calculated the variation of the depth of water with the corresponding formula of the depth of water by the electric current of calibration, the data of acquisition is carried out flat
, to obtain the mean depth of water flow.
2. roll wave wave height measures
The judgement of roll wave and the calculating of wave height：Each collected water level value is made comparisons with average water place value, continuous 3
It is roll wave that secondary monitoring water level value, which is greater than average water place value, automatically records the maximum stage value of this period, maximum stage valueh max With
Average water place valueDifference be wave height.
3. roll wave velocity of wave, wave frequency are measured and are measured along journey velocity of wave, wave frequency
Roll wave velocity of wave calculates：Every group of liquidometer spacing is to roll divided by the time difference that maximum stage value occurs in each liquidometer
Wave velocity of wave, i.e.,Wherein v is roll wave velocity of wave,lIt is the spacing of one group of liquidometer,tIt is that each liquidometer occurs most in every group
The time difference of flood place value.
The time difference that roll wave twice occurs in single magnetic float level indicator is exactly the period of roll waveT, the inverse in period is exactly
Frequencyf.I.e., wherein：fFor frequency,TFor the period.
4. roll wave momentum and kinetic energy measure
Roll wave Kinetic Energy Calculation：The product of duration between being recorded twice in succession using roll wave velocity of wave and liquidometer as abscissa, with
The difference of the continuous water level value for recording and being greater than mean water and average water place value is ordinate mapping, it can depicts roll wave
Cross section is exactly the quality of single wide roll wave multiplied by the density of water using the area in CAD software estimation cross section with area.Quality
It is exactly the momentum rolled multiplied by velocity of wave, quality is exactly the kinetic energy of roll wave multiplied by 1/2 power of velocity of wave.
Calculation formula is：
Roll wave momentum：p=ρAv, whereinρFor the density of water,AFor the area in roll wave cross section, acquired with CAD software,It is
The velocity of wave of roll wave.
Roll wave kinetic energy：WhereinρFor the density of water,AFor the area in roll wave cross section, asked with CAD software
,vIt is the velocity of wave of roll wave.
Specific step is as follows for the method：
The step of setting frequency acquisition：For setting the sample frequency of electromagnetism roll wave sensor by computer.Sample frequency
The frequency for being data collector by sensor measurement signal acquisition into computer, sample frequency can visually roll wave frequency into
Row is adjusted, and generally should be 10 times or more of range estimation roll wave frequency.
The step of acquisition：Carry out interim, all electromagnetism roll wave sensor synchronous acquisition water level numbers for the water flow with roll wave
According to, and will the data of acquisition import computer in, to data be analyzed and processed directly calculate the roll wave period, frequency, wave height, along journey
Velocity of wave and mean depth.It is the high variable quantity of the water surface that electromagnetism roll wave sensor is collected, and therefore, it is necessary to the height according to the water surface
Degree judges the appearance of roll wave and the various parameters of roll wave.Due to the electromagnetism roll wave sensor using two one group, can roll
Two positions that wave occurs are acquired simultaneously, according to the distance between the time of acquisition, two sensors and collected
Height of water level is compared, obtain the period, frequency, wave height, along the various parameters such as journey velocity of wave and mean depth.
The step of calculating roll wave kinetic energy：For being moved using the roll wave depth of water, time interval and along journey velocity of wave data estimation roll wave
Energy.The various roll wave parameters obtained by previous step, calculate the kinetic energy of roll wave.Roll wave kinetic energy is to measure water flow to make underlying surface
With the important indicator of intensity and sediment transport capacity etc..
Embodiment six：
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment five, be embodiment five about roll wave mean depth, wave height, velocity of wave, the period with
The refinement of the calculating of frequency.Roll wave mean depth, wave height described in the present embodiment, velocity of wave, period and frequency calculation method such as
Under：
The calculating of mean depth：When slope surface has water flow to flow through, the height of the electromagnetism roll wave sensor measurement water surfaceh 1, pass throughnSecondary acquisition, it is rightnA depth of water is averaged, and the mean depth ` of section is obtained.In water flow experiment, electromagnetism roll wave sensor exists
When not having water flow to pass through, the water quantity holding in U-tube is the consistent position of face toe, the as position of bottom of gulleth 0,h 0=0.Collected data are converted to obtain the height of electromagnetic sensor and the water surfaceh 1.Then the depth of water ish=h 0-h 1, pass throughn
Secondary acquisition, it is rightnA depth of water is averaged, and the mean depth of section is obtained` .In order to find accurate mean depth, detection
NumbernUsually to reach thousands of times or tens of thousands of times.
The judgement of roll wave and the calculating of wave height：Each collected water level value is made comparisons with average water place value, continuous 3
It is roll wave that secondary monitoring water level value, which is greater than average water place value, records the maximum stage value of this period, maximum stage valueh maxWith it is average
Water level value `Difference be wave height.
Roll wave velocity of wave calculates：Spacing between every group of electromagnetism roll wave sensorlOccur divided by every group of electromagnetism roll wave sensor
The time difference of maximum stage valuetAs roll wave velocity of wavev.I.e.WhereinvIt is roll wave velocity of wave,lIt is between one group of sensor
Away from,tIt is the time difference that maximum stage value occurs in each group sensor.
Roll wave period and frequency：The time difference that roll wave twice occurs in single sensor is exactly the period of roll waveT, the period fall
It is several, it is the frequency of roll wavef .I.e., wherein：fFor frequency,TFor the period.
Embodiment seven：
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment six, is refinement of the embodiment six about roll wave kinetic energy.Described in the present embodiment
Steps are as follows for the calculating of roll wave kinetic energy：
Using roll wave velocity of wave and electromagnetism roll wave sensor record twice in succession between duration product as abscissa, continuously to remember
It records and is greater than the water level value of mean water and the difference of average water place value is ordinate mapping, depict the cross section of roll wave；
Calculate the area in the cross section of roll wave.The mapping software of CAD etc can be used, carry out the face in the cross section of roll wave
Product calculates, and can also directly be calculated using Freehandhand-drawing.
Single wide quality of roll wave is obtained multiplied by the density of water with the area in the cross section of roll wave.
Single wide quality is obtained into the momentum of roll wave multiplied by velocity of wave, i.e.,：p=ρAv, whereinρFor the density of water,AFor roll wave cross
The area of section,vIt is the velocity of wave of roll wave.
Single wide quality is obtained into the kinetic energy of roll wave multiplied by 1/2 power of velocity of wave, i.e.,：。
Finally it should be noted that being only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it above, although referring to preferable cloth
The scheme of setting describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to technology of the invention
Scheme（Such as fixed form, roll wave acquisition mode, sequencing of step of electromagnetism roll wave sensor etc.）Modify or
Equivalent replacement, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of sheet flow roll wave measurement method based on electromagnetic sensor, system used in the method includes：Setting
Multiple electromagnetism roll wave sensors in flat slope surface, what the electromagnetism roll wave sensor was arranged such that：By multiple electricity
Magnetic roll wave sensor is divided into multiple groups, and every group of two electromagnetism roll wave sensors, each group electromagnetism roll wave sensor is along water (flow) direction one
Font arrangement, the distance between each group electromagnetism roll wave sensor is less than the spacing of tested roll wave, greater than the width of tested roll wave；Respectively
For two electromagnetism roll wave sensors in group along water (flow) direction word order, the distance between two electromagnetism roll wave sensors are greater than quilt
Survey wave crest and the distance between trough of roll wave, each electromagnetism roll wave sensor successively with data acquisition controller, control
Computer connection processed, the electromagnetism roll wave sensor include：One end of U-shaped cross over pipe, the U-shaped cross over pipe is arranged in slope surface
Bottom, the other end of the U-shaped cross over pipe opens wide to atmosphere, and U-shaped cross over pipe opens wide side setting guide rod to atmosphere, described
It is equipped with electromagnetism sensing unit in guide rod, is cased with annular float on the guide rod；
It is characterized in that, the step of the method, is as follows：
The step of setting frequency acquisition：For setting the sample frequency of electromagnetism roll wave sensor by computer；
The step of acquisition：For carrying out interim, all the sensors synchronous acquisition waterlevel data in the water flow with roll wave, and will acquisition
Data import in computer, data are analyzed and processed directly calculate the roll wave period, frequency, wave height, along journey velocity of wave and average
Water level value；
The step of calculating roll wave kinetic energy：For using roll wave water level value, time interval and along journey velocity of wave data estimation roll wave kinetic energy.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the roll wave average water place value, wave height, velocity of wave, period
It is as follows with the calculation method of frequency：
The calculating of average water place value：When slope surface has water flow to flow through, the height of the electromagnetism roll wave sensor measurement water surfaceh 1, pass throughnIt is secondary
Acquisition, it is rightnA water level value is averaged, and the average water place value ` of section is obtained；
The judgement of roll wave and the calculating of wave height：Each collected water level value is made comparisons with average water place value, continuous 3 prisons
Surveying water level value to be greater than average water place value is roll wave, records the maximum stage value of this period, maximum stage valueh max With mean water
Value `Difference be wave height；
Roll wave velocity of wave calculates：Spacing between every group of electromagnetism roll wave sensorlOccur divided by every group of electromagnetism roll wave sensor maximum
The time difference of water level valuetAs roll wave velocity of wavev；
Roll wave period and frequency：The time difference that roll wave twice occurs in single sensor is exactly the period of roll waveT, the inverse in period is then
It is the frequency of roll wavef 。
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein steps are as follows for the calculating of the roll wave kinetic energy：
Using roll wave velocity of wave and electromagnetism roll wave sensor record twice in succession between duration product as abscissa, continuously to record and
It is ordinate mapping greater than the water level value of mean water and the difference of average water place value, depicts the cross section of roll wave；
Calculate the area in the cross section of roll wave；
Single wide quality of roll wave is obtained multiplied by the density of water with the area in the cross section of roll wave；
Single wide quality is obtained into the momentum of roll wave multiplied by velocity of wave；
Single wide quality is obtained into the kinetic energy of roll wave multiplied by 1/2 power of velocity of wave.
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